• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.226-235
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• 2000

A survey on feeding practices was conducted with thirty-one cattle farmers belonging to three categories: households without land and no income from agricultural labour (Class 100;10 farms), households without land but deriving considerable income from agricultural labour (Class 101;10 farms), and households with land and without income from agricultural labour (Class 110;11 farms). Information on the types of feeds given of one year. In addition, samples of the feeds offered and refused were collected every two weeks and analysed for dry matter, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). Grass was usually cut at an early stage of growth, as such the CP(11.8%) and OMD (62%) were relatively high. All types of rice straw (whole, lower and upper part) and sugarcane forage (tops and leaves) were low in CP (<6 and <8.9%, respectively) and OMD (<45 and <47%, respectively). Rice bran and tofu waste was of much better quality than any other feed. The average number of different feeds in the rations (mean of all farms) was 1.98, with a lower value for class 101 (1.80), than for classes 100 and 110 (2.11 and 2.02, respectively). Of the total amount of OM consumed, 42% was rice straw, 21% grass, 19% maize forage, 10% sugarcane forage, <4% other forages (soya and groundnut straw), 1.3% rice bran and 2.9% tofu waste. The total amount of OM offered varied from <80 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$ in August/September to 1.5 times as much in May (P<0.01). The intake of digestible organic matter (IDOM) for farm class 110 ($37.7g/kg^{0.75}/d$) was significantly (p<0.001) lower than that for classes 100 and 101 (44.1 and $41.3g/kg^{0.75}/d$, respectively). The highest CP/IDOM ratio was recorded for farm class 101 (0.201 as compared to 0.181-0.184).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.331-345
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• 2020

The multi-story timber structure with high platform base is one of the important architectural types in the traditional Chinese buildings. To study the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses on this kind of traditional structure, the 3-D finite element models of Xi'an drum tower which included the high platform base, upper timber structure and whole structure was established considering the structural form and material performance parameters of the structure in this study. By the modal analysis, the main frequencies and mode shapes of this kind of traditional building were obtained and investigated. The three kinds of earthquake excitations included El-Centro wave, Taft wave and Lanzhou wave were separately imposed on the upper timber structure model and the overall structure model, and the seismic responses on the tops of columns were analyzed. The results of time history analysis show that the seismic response of the upper timber structure is obviously amplified by high platform base. After considering the effect of high platform base, the mean value on the lateral displacement increments of the top column in the overall structure is more than 20.478% and the increase of dynamic coefficients was all above 0.818 under the above three different earthquake excitations. Obviously, it shows that the existence of high platform base has a negative influence on the seismic responses of upper timber structure. And the high platform base will directly affect the safety of the upper timber structure. Therefore, the influence of high platform base on the dynamic response of its upper timber structure cannot be neglected.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2013

This study identifies how people use bicycle wear, complaints about bicycle wear, and functions required for bicycle riding. This survey was conducted with bicycle club members (men and women) in their twenties to sixties who ride bicycles on a regular basis. A total of 373 subjects responded to questionnaires and 326 responses were used for further data analysis. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, multiple response analysis, crosstabulation analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The results are as follow: First, the people surveyed were primarily men, young adults and middle-aged people. They ride bicycles mainly to participate in club activities, to exercise, and to spend their spare time with a well-being trend that focuses on leisure and health. Second, they often utilize bicycle wear when they ride bicycles. They are aware of bicycle wear brands. In addition, a majority have purchased bicycle wear that shows a very high awareness of bicycle wear. Third, as for complaints about bicycle wear worn when riding bicycles, a majority of people answered that the waist part of the top pulls up and they feel sore with the bottom part of the pants when riding bicycles for a long time. They also answered that it is inconvenient to put belongings in both tops and pants. Fourth, there is a high demand for safety-related functions for bicycle riding in regards to the functions required for bicycle wear. In addition, a majority of the members showed a customer awareness of functional bicycle wear and intended to purchase bicycle wear equipped with smart functions.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

In modem society, fashion is used as a means to express oneself. Colors in fashion are regarded as one of the important design elements and play a significant role. Today men's fashion trend represents to adopt diverse silhouettes, colors and various materials. They can choose diverse color for men's fashion. Brown has been popular colors for both man and woman. It usually represents the image of warm, comfort and classic. This research analyzed Brown whose diverse uses had been observed in fashion and the characteristics of Brown the color combinations in men's fashion through men's fashion collection from 2000 to 2008. The characteristics of color combinations with Brown analyzed two color combinations for the top and bottom as follows: First, the hue characteristics of Brown two color combinations were analyzed in men's fashion. Second, the tone characteristics of Brown two color combinations were analyzed in men's fashion. Third, the characteristics of color combinations were analyzed in the Brown top and bottom according to the hues in men's fashion. The Brown color combinations were analyzed according to the 10 hues and achromatic colors. As a result, 10YR was most used in both the top and bottom in F/W and S/S. As for the Brown color combinations of the 12 tones and achromatic colors in the top and bottom, dark grayish was the most used in S/S and F/W regardless of the seasons. The Brown color combinations in men's fashion were analyzed in terms of characteristics. As a result, 10YR and 2.5Y were most used. They were also of the highest frequency in the color combinations of Brown tops and bottoms.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2020

This research examines pattern production of 3 men's costumes in the second half of 19th century by 3D reconstruction to reveal technical aspects of mail costumes. The steps are as follows. First, an examination of selective type according to research study. Second, a pattern analysis of 3 historical male tops of 19th century referred to 9 pattern books of the France National Library collection. Third, a categorized type analysis that referred to paintings of the Musée d'Orsay collection. Fourth, a measurement and structure research of 3 historical garments of Fashion and Textile Museum collection. Fifth, the pattern making and fitting by 3D simulation. Research discussed the following subjects and results. First, main type of men's coat can be categorized by frac, redingote, jaquette, and veston. Second, the male costume pattern contained in pattern books was researched along with distinguished silhouettes and structures; X silhouette for frac and redingote, H silhouette for jaquette, and straight box silhouette for veston. Third, based on the analysis of representative type of men's costume per period conducted previous studies, 2 redingotes and a jaquette in the museum were selected and compared to other data such as image materials. Last, the following process was conducted for reconstruction; 'Drawing diagram-Primary pattern drafting by measurement value-3D virtual fitting-Checking the fit-Modification and complement'. We also obtained a 3D virtual reconstruction and a 2D research pattern that suggested a costume pattern by each type along with 3D reconstruction that included insights for male coat techniques of 19th century France.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

이 연구는 2016년 발생한 경주 지진의 규모 4.5이상의 3개 지진, 즉, 전진(규모 5.1), 본진(규모 5.8), 여진(규모 4.5)에 대한 국내 공용 중 케이블교량의 지진응답 특성을 제시한다. 교량 주위의 자유장과 교량 내 지정된 위치에 설치된 지진가속도계측기에서 측정된 지진가속도응답기록을 이용하여 케이블교량의 각 구조부재별 지진응답을 분석한다. 측정 가속도 시간이력의 푸리에 변환을 이용한 주파수 영역 해석을 통하여 교량의 동적 거동 특성을 분석한다. 주탑 상부에서의 최대가속도를 자유장 위치에서의 최대가속도로 표준화하여 주탑 상부에서의 가속도 증폭에 대하여 분석한다. 분석 결과를 통해 지진 재난에 대응하기 위한 케이블지지교량의 지진가속도계측기 위치별 관리 기준치 개발의 필요성에 대해 논의한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 1979

동일주에서 발생한 근을 이등분하여 생육환경을 바르게 하였을 때 근부와 지상부의 형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 1. 근의 생육에 좋은 환경에서 성장한 편보다 과습 과건등 좋지 못한 환경에서 성장한 편이 근수는 적고 근장은 짧았으며 근중은 가벼웠다. 2. 또 근의 양편 모두 생육에 좋은 환경에서 성장한 주보다 한편만이 좋지 못한 환경에서 성장한 주가 근수는 적고 근장은 짧았으며 근중은 가벼웠다. 3. 따라서 동일주에서 한편의 근을 생육환경을 불량하게 하였을 때 그 근에 직접 부착되어 있는 지상부의 생육에만 영향을 미치는 것이 아니고 일주전체에 영향이 있는 경향으로 4. 근의 양편 모두 생육에 좋은 환경에서 성장한 주보다 한편만이 좋지 못한 환경에서 성장한 주가 출수기는 지연되고 간장과 수장이 짧았으며 유효경비율도 낮았다. 5. 수량은 근의 생육량과 정의 유의상관을 보여 근의 생육이 좋은 환경에서 성장한 주에 비하여 임쪽이 좋지 못한 환경에서 성장한 주의 수량이 감수되었는데 감수정도는 과건>과습, 사토> 식양토 순위였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1275-1287
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• 2006

This was to confirm the Web-SFAS and street Fashion trend 2005. Korea women's street fashion in 2005 S/S was analyzed by using the Web-SFAS(Street Fashion Analysis System) that was developed and completed in the earlier research. Total 270 women who were sensitive to the fashion were surveyed around in 5 nationwide cities and 9 commercial zones. The analysis results of the questionnaire and image survey in 2005 S/S for each commercial zone is shown as follows: 1. The sequence of care with most interest in producing fashionable shape is in the order of clothes>accessory>hair style>make up>shoes, and it was found that the proper reason for visiting the commercial zone is to meet with friends than shopping. 2. Most preferred item for tops were shirts and T-shirts, while for bottoms were blue jeans of denim material in various colors and designs. The color had the clear winner in white color with the pink or yellow line of colors preferred in all commercial zones. The blue jeans and skirt items were the most dominant with the preference on the blue color. The color and image were diversely favored with light, natural, modern, elegance and warm images. 3. The semi-formal image was preferred in women's street fashion, 2005 S/S in Apgujeong-dong, Hapseong-dong, Myeong-dong, Hongik University area, Dongseong-ro, and the active comfort casual image was preferred by womens in Seo-myeon, Nampo-dong and Sangnam-dong. However the retro image were represented in Daehak-ro specially. The tendency of street fashion for women had the difference of their own trends for each commercial zone, rather then the regional differences for each city with the conspicuous preference of color for the items.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

As physical condition of students improves, there is a need to develop human body-friendly desk and chair for students. In this study, desks and chairs were manufactured with curved veneer lamination under high frequency heating and pressing, using ten wood species such as Japanese red pine, Korean pine, pitch pine, Japanese larch, yellow poplar, black locust, oak, radiata pine, beech, and birch. The performance of these products were evaluated. The results obtained were summarized as follows; With high frequency heating, the turned lamination of veneers with full size sheet ($3{\times}6\;feet$) prepared by rotary lathe peeling was successfully applied for making the members of desk top, leg frames of desk and chair. Bending strengths of desk tops were relatively greater for yellow poplar, black locust and red pine, which were similar to those of beech and birch. Bending strengths of desk legs were classified into greater species group (red pine, yellow poplar, larch) and lower species group (radiata pine, Korean pine, pitch pine). Compressive strengths of chair legs in parallel direction to the lamination were greater in black locust and larch. On the other hand, differences between outer and inner gap at the top and drawer bottom of desk top were rather larger for the laminations of birch and beech, and less for those of yellow poplar and pitch pine, showing greater stability of open drawer space. In results, yellow poplar, larch, pitch pine and red pine showed good appearance and strength properties at the curved veneer lamination. Accordingly, it was believed that these domestic woods were able to substitute for birch which was being imported for the use of veneer-laminates type furniture.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.88-99
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• 2005

This research aimed to investigate the current trends of rooftop greening techniques of frequent use within and without Korea. It is also expected that this research will help developing new rooftop greening techniques appropriate for Korean environment. Data for this study have been collected from patent applications for rooftop greening techniques; the web sites of the Korean Intellectual Property Office as well as patent offices in Germany and Japan, where active researches on rooftop greening techniques are in progress. 168 applications within a period from the year of 1984 to December of 2004 were examined, among which Japan excelled with its 81 applications followed by Germany(54), Korea(31)and USA(2). In case of Japan, where more patent applications were found than in any other countries, applications for Plant Base(38) excelled others - System(36), Management(4) and Plant(3) in the number of applications. As for Germany, 25 cases were on Plant Base, 25 cases on System, and 4 cases on Plant; in Korea, 15 cases were on Plant Base, 11 cases on System, 3 cases on Plant and 2 cases on Management; in USA, 1 cases were on System and 1 cases on Plant. Overall, the total number of patent applications in three countries reaches 168 cases; among which Plant Base topped in all four countries, followed by 73 cases on System. Applications concerning Plant and Management totalled to 11 and 6 for each. In conclusion, most patents were concentrated on Plant Base and System while researches on Plant and Management still do not get as much attention as they deserve. Research and development of various techniques on Plant must be a precondition for the formation of diverse Bio-tops suitable for the environments of specific areas. Concrete researches on rooftop greening techniques will contribute to the improvement of urban ecosystem by developing more convenient and easily applicable techniques during the time of actual construction.