• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2006

현재 네트워크 기술이 기가비트급의 속도를 넘어 급속히 발전하고 있다. 그러나 호스트에서 TCP/IP를 처리하는 기존의 방식은 고속 네트워크 환경에서 호스트 CPU에 많은 부하를 야기한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 네트워크 어댑터에서 TCP/IP를 처리하는 TCP/IP Offload Engine(TOE)에 대한 연구가 최근 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 두 가지의 소프트웨어 기반 TOE 를 기가비트 이더넷 환경 하에서 개발하였다. 하나는 임베디드 리눅스를 사용하여 구현한 TOE이고, 다른 하나는 Lightweight TCP/IP(lwIP)를 사용하여 구현한 TOE이다. 임베디드 리눅스를 사용한 TOE는 문맥 전환 (context switch), 프로세스 대기 및 활성화 그리고 운영체제 자체의 부하로 인하여 62Mbps의 낮은 대역폭을 보였다. 본 논문에서는 임베디드 리녹스를 사용한 TOE의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 운영체제 없이 lwIP를 이용하여 TOE를 구현하였다. 그리고 이러한 lwIP를 이용한 TOE 의 성능을 높이기 위하여 lwIP의 메모리 복사를 제거하고, 지연 ACK 기능과 TCP Segmentation Offload(TSO)기능을 추가하였으며, lwIP가 큰 데이타를 전송할 수 있도록 수정하였다. 그 결과, lwIP를 이용한 TOE는 194Mbps의 대역폭을 보였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

TCP/IP Offload Engine(TOE)는 TCP/IP 프로토콜을 네트워크 어댑터 상에서 처리함으로써 호스트 CPU의 프로토콜 처리 부하를 줄이는 기술이다. TOE의 구현 방안으로는 임베디드 프로세서를 사용한 소프트웨어 TOE, ASIC 기반의 하드웨어 TOE, 그리고 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 구현의 장점을 결합한 하이브리드 TOE 등이 제안되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 하이브리드 방식의 TOE 구현을 위해 두 개의 프로세서 코어를 내장한 FPGA를 기반으로 임베디드 리눅스 기반의 소프트웨어 모듈 및 데이타 송수신에 필요한 하드웨어 모듈들을 설계하였다. 두 개의 프로세서 코어를 사용하여 송신 경로와 수신 경로를 분담하여 관리함으로써 리눅스 프로세스들 사이의 작업 전환 오버헤드를 줄일 수 있고, 송신과 수신 과정의 병렬 처리를 통해 단일 임베디드 프로세서의 성능 한계를 극복할 수 있다. 하드웨어 모듈은 패킷 헤더의 생성 및 처리, DMA를 사용한 데이타 수집 및 저장 등을 담당하여 송수신 성능을 향상시킨다. 본 논문에서는 프로세서 코어 내장형 FPGA가 장착된 TOE 네트워크 어댑터를 사용하여 송수신 분리형 TOE의 성능을 검증하였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.64-67
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• 2011

Reconstruction of the distal portion of the great toe has always represented a difficult problem to surgeons. There are many methods of flap reconstruction described for foot defects, but none for tip of the great toe. We report a case of reconstruction of the great toe using a homodigital reverse pedicle island flap method. A 25-year-old man had a crushing injury at the distal phalanx of the left great toe. A homodigital reverse pedicle island flap was raised from the dorso-medial aspect of the proximal phalanx of the great toe based on the distal dorsal arcade. The flap covered the exposed distal phalanx and stump was closed without shortening. He made an uncomplicated recovery and when seen 6 months later he had a good cosmetic and functional result. A homodigital reverse pedicle island flap is described for the reconstruction of the distal part of the great toe. It involves only a single stage procedure with minimal donor site morbidity and provides a good cosmetic results.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of trifoliate orange extract (TOE) on inflammatory reactions at the time of an LPS shock by performing experiments on rats injected with trifoliate orange extract and in Raw 264.7 cell cultures, with the aim of developing a new anti-inflammatory medicine. The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were lower in all of the groups treated with TOE than in the control group after 5 h of LPS treatment. The IL-10 concentration was higher in the 300-㎎/㎏ TOE group than in the control group after 2 h and 5 h of LPS treatment. The liver concentrations of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 decreased more in the groups treated with TOE than in the control group and the IL-6 concentration did not differ significantly between the 100-㎎/㎏ TOE group than in the control group. The TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations did not differ significantly between the TOE groups and the control group. In the experiments involving Raw 264.7 macrophage cultures subjected to LPS shock, the productions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased in all of the groups treated with TOE compared to the control group. The IL-10 concentration did not differ significantly between the groups treated with TOE and the control group. Together the findings of this study suggest that TOE contains functional substances that can influence inflammatory reactions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.457-460
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• 2010

Purpose: The great toe presents a reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons. The big toe has much importance not only for the gait and the stability, but also for appearance aspects. Few reports have documented the reconstruction of big toe defects and we report a unique case of free flap reconstruction technique. Methods: A 41-year-old man with right great toe open fracture with soft tissue necrosis was referred from the orthopedic surgery department. On physical examination, there was the skin necrosis circumferentially and the fratured bone was severely fragmented. The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the big toe was intact. After the wound debridement, we harvested the innervated anterolateral thigh flap and transposed to the defected area. After five months, we finally retouched the flap by the dorsal defatting and distal debulking. Results: He had an uneventful postoperative course without infection, dehiscence and flap necrosis. He has remained asymptomatic for eight months without any recurrence such as the osteomyelitis. Finally, he kept the normal gait and posture with weight bearing on the reconstructed great toe and foot. Conclusion: The anterolateral thigh flap is described for the reconstruction of the great toe. It involves two stage procedure with the minimal donor site morbidity and provides a good cosmetic result.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1472-1482
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• 2005

TOE (TCP/IP Offload Engine)는 부하가 많은 대규모 네트워크 서버에서 TCP/IP 프로토콜 처리의 부담을 줄이기 위해 고안된 하드웨어 장치이다. 본 논문에서는 TOE (TCP Offload Engine)를 사용하는 대규모 멀티미디어 서버를 위한 소켓 인터페이스 계층의 설계 및 구현에 대해 다룬다. 제안된 소켓 인터페이스 계층은 리눅스 운영체제 상에서 커널 모듈로 설계, 구현되었으며, BSD소켓 계층과 INET소켓 계층 사이에 존재하면서 응용 프로그램의 소켓 관련 요청을 TOE나 기존 INET소켓 계층으로 전달하는 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 소켓 인터페이스는 소켓을 통해 TOE를 사용하는 응용 프로그램에 대해서 모든 표준 소켓 입출력 API와 파일 입출력 관련 API를 그대로 제공하고, 기존 응용 프로그램들에 대해서도 수정 없이 TOE의 기능을 그대로 사용할 수 있는 바이너리 수준의 호환성을 제공하며, 한 시스템에서 TOE와 이더넷 NIC을 동시에 사용할 수 있게 된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

This study presents an estimate of on-site surface fuel loadings composed of coarse woody debris (CWD) using $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory (NFI) data in South Korea. We classified CWD data into forest type, region and decay class, and used conversion factors by decay class and tonne of oil equivalent developed in the country. In 2010, the total wildfire fuel load of CWD was estimated as 8.9 million TOE; those of coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests were 3.5 million TOE, 2.8 million TOE and 2.6 million TOE, respectively. Gangwon Province had the highest wildfire fuel load of CWD (2.3 million TOE), whereas Seoul exhibited the lowest wildfire fuel load of CWD (0.02 million TOE). Wildfire fuel loads of CWD were estimated as 2.9 million TOE, 1.9 million TOE, 2.4 million TOE and 1.7 million TOE for decay classes I, II, III and IV, respectively. The total wildfire fuel load of CWD corresponded to the calorific value of 8.2 million tons crude oil, 2.46% of that of living trees. Proportionate to the growing stock, total wildfire fuel load of CWD was in a broad distinction by region, while its TOE $ha^{-1}$ was not. This implies that there is no need to establish different guidelines by region for management of CWD. The results of this work provide a baseline study for scientific policy guidelines on preventing wildfires by proposing CWD as wildfire fuel load.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2021

현대인들은 일상생활과 함께 운동 부족에 시달리고 있으며 이에 따라 발의 족부질환도 증가하는 추세이다. 이에 따라 양말 디자인도 다양화되고 있으며, 그중 족부질환의 예방과 완화에 도움을 주는 발가락 양말의 개발도 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 발가락 양말 디자인에 대한 연구를 진행하였으며, 이론적 배경을 통해 발가락 양말 디자인에 대한 개념을 정리하였다. 또한 사례 조사 및 선행연구를 통해 사용성 평가에 활용할 Task를 수립하였다. 실증연구를 통해 사용성 평가를 진행한 결과 일반 양말 디자인 대비 발가락 양말 디자인의 만족도가 낮음을 알 수 있었고 사용성 측면에서는 발가락 양말 디자인의 사용성의 만족도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 이에 따라 발가락 양말 디자인의 개선점을 도출하였으며, 첫째 발가락 양말 사이의 히든 파티션을 보완하고, 색상의 유사 배색과 색상의 다원화를 통해 발가락 양말 디자인을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2023

Background: In this study, the abductor hallucis activity and medial longitudinal arch angle were compared by performing four exercises, namely the short foot exercise, the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension, the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 1kt on the sole, and the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 2kg on the sole. Methods: Four short foot exercises as described above were performed by 20 healthy adult males and females. The abductor hallucis activity and medial longitudinal arch angle were measured and analyzed by surface electromyography and the Kinovea software program. Results: The short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension, short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 1kg on the sole, and the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 2kg on the sole showed significantly higher abductor hallucis activity than the short foot exercise alone. Among these, the short foot exercise with the 2^nd~5^th toe extension was the most effective. All exercises showed a significantly decreased medial longitudinal arch angle post-exercise than pre-exercise, and the short foot exercise with the 2^nd~5^th toe extension showed a significantly decreased medial longitudinal arch angle compared to the other three exercises. Conclusion: It is believed that the short foot exercise with the 2^nd~5^th toe extension can be proposed as an effective exercise that can replace the short foot exercise alone.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2024

Background: This study was to investigate effects of narrow squat exercise according to ankle angle of Toe in 10° and Toe out 10° on women with genu varum. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial or Cross-sectional Study. Methods: 30 adult women with genu varum participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to 15 people of narrow squat exercise in ankle angle of Toe in 10° group (TI) and 15 people of narrow squat exercise in ankle angle of Toe out 10° group (TO). The narrow squat exercise program was conducted three times a week for six weeks. The distance between the knees was measured by using Digital Vernier Caliper. The quadriceps angle (Q-angle) was measured by using Goniometer. The stride length and propulsion were measured through G-Walk Results: Both TI and TO groups showed effective significant differences in distance between the knees, Q-angle, and propulsion (p<.05). There was no significant difference in stride length (p>.05). Left leg propulsion was found to be significantly more effective in TI group than in TO group (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggested that narrow squat exercise according to ankle angle of toe in 10° and toe out 10° was effective for genu varum. However, compared to TO group, TI group was more effective in gait propulsion. It is considered that narrow squat exercise in ankle angle of Toe in 10° can be suggested as an effective intervention method for women with genu varum.