• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.239-241
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentrations in a 48-h model of canine endotoxemia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Four healthy beagles were slowly administered 1 mg/kg of LPS diluted in normal saline, while two others were administered normal saline as controls. Blood collection was performed at 0 h (baseline), 1 h and 3 h (for TNF-${\alpha}$), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h of the experiment, and cytokine levels were determined using the sandwich ELISA method. Early increments of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were observed (< 3 h), but HMGB1 levels increased the most at 12 h of the experiment and gradually decreased until 48 h. During the whole experiment, IL-6 and HMGB1 were sustained over 12 h of LPS injection, whereas TNF-${\alpha}$ decreased within 6 h of LPS injection. Taken together, canine HMGB1 levels increase relatively late (< 12 h) and sustained longer than TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in response to endotoxin. This is the first study to evaluate canine HMGB1 cytokine from endotoxemia in dogs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2009

Due to their multiple biological activities, flavonoids have gained attention as potentially useful therapeutics for a variety of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that several flavonoids, including kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, and chrysin block TNF-$\alpha$ induced IL-8 promoter activation and gene expression in HEK 293 cells. In addition, phosphorylation and degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 were inhibited by these flavonoids in TNF-$\alpha$-stimulated HEK 293 cells. Furthermore, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to TNF-$\alpha$ was reduced by the flavonoids. Moreover, although pretreatment with fisetin, quercetin, or chrysin decreased cell viability, kaempferol did not. Taken together, these findings suggest that kaempferol would be useful for the treatment of TNF-$\alpha$-induced inflammatory diseases.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2012

In order to investigate the immunostimulating effect of mycelia extract of Phellinus linteus (PLM) on human monocyte THP-1 and rat peritoneal macrophage cell, we examined measuring cytokine secretion (IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$). The production of IL-6 and TNF-a in human monocyte THP-1 was slight increased dose-dependently when the cells were challenged with PLM for 72 hrs. It was also observed that the treatment of PLM with LPS augmented the production of IL-6 and TNF-a in human monocyte THP-1. It was also observed that the treatment of PLM with LPS augmented the production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in human monocyte THP-1. The production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in rat peritoneal macrophage was significantly enhanced when the cells were treated PLM with LPS for 72 hrs. Moreover, the proliferation rate of rat spleen cells was increased in a dose dependent manner as the cells were treated with PLM and Concanavalin A.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2008

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 폐열해수, 장열번갈, 습열사리, 황달, 옹종정창등의 치료효능이 있는 연교약침액이 사람 기관지 상피세포주인 A549에 TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-4를 투여하여 나타나는 케모카인의 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 하는 것이다. 방법 : A549 세포주에 연교약침액을 농도별로 (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 ${\mu}g/ml$) 전처치한 후, TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-4를 투여하여 RANTES, eotaxin 및 TARC의 분비를 유도하고, 케모카인 분비량을 ELISA법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험에 사용한 연교약침액의 농도에 따른 세포 독성 유무를 관찰하고자 MTT assay를 수행하여 세포생존율을 측정하였다.결과 : 연교약침액의 농도가 세포내에서 독성을 일으키는지 MTT assay로 측정한 결과 세포독성은 관찰되지 않았으며, 연교약침액은 TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-4투여로 인하여 증가된 RANTES, eotaxin 및 TARC의 분비를 통계학적으로 유의하게 감소시킴을 관찰하였다. 결론 : 연교약침액은 천식과 알레르기 질환에 관련이 있는 케모카인의 효과적인 감소를 이끌어 냄을 확인하였으며, 이러한 결과는 연교약침액이 천식 및 알레르기 환자에 대해 효과적인 임상 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Objective : To investigate the effects of Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture on lowering lipid and contents of serum tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods : Triglyceride, total cholesterol, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 levels in Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture groups were compared with those in the control group. Results : Concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol in plasma was decreased in the Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture groups. In Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncre groups, plasma LDL-cholesterol showed a lower value and HDL-cholesterol showed a higher value than those of the control group. Contents of $TNF-{\alpha}$ was decreased in the Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture groups. Contents of IL-6, however, were not significantly different. Conclusions : The results suggest that Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture may have an impact on lipid metabolism to potentially prevent development of diabetes mellitus and accompanying cerebrovascular diseases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2011

Background: In this study, we have investigated the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts on the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 in human keratinocytes. Also, to examine the antioxidative effect of red ginseng extracts, free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in human dermal fibroblasts was measured. Methods: To investigate the effect of KRG in atopic dermatitis, we measured the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 secretion in LPS-stimulated human keratinocytes after the treatment of KRG extracts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-oxidative activity was investigated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and SOD activity. Results: The stimulation of human keratinocytes with KRG extracts shifted the LPS-induced cytokine secretion toward a more immunosuppressive response. KRG dose-dependently decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells and a significant inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ was shown when cells were treated with 500 and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts. Additionally, KRG extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activity in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, SOD activities of concentrations higher than $60{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts were significantly different in human dermal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Based on this study, KRG extracts may be a useful immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2014

Objectives : I investigated whether bee venom inhibit cell growth through enhancement of death receptor expressions in the human lung cancer cells, NCI-H460. Methods : Bee venom(1-5 ${\mu}g/ml$) inhibited the growth of NCI-H460 lung cancer cells by the induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose dependent manner. Results : Consistent with apoptotic cell death, expression of TNF-R1, TNF-R2, FAS, death receptors(DR) 3, 4, 5 and 6 was increased in the cells. Expression of DR downstream pro-apoptotic proteins including Caspase-8, -3, -9 was upregulated and Bax was concomitantly overwhelmed the expression of Bcl-2. NF-kB were inhibited by treatment with bee venom in NCI-H460 cells through TNF response change led by TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. Conclusions : These results suggest that bee venom should exert anti-tumor effect through induction of apoptotic cell death in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells via enhancement of death receptor expression, and that bee venom could be a promising agent for preventing and treating lung cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2013

Atherosclerosis, which manifests as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and peripheral arterial diseases, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Prunella vulgaris, a perennial herb with a worldwide distribution, has been used as a traditional medicine in inflammatory disease. Here, we investigated the effects of P. vulgaris ethanol extract on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced inflammatory responses in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We found that P. vulgaris ethanol extract inhibited adhesion of monocyte/macrophage-like THP-1 cells to activated HASMCs. It also decreased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and ROS, No production in TNF-${\alpha}$-induced HASMCs and reduced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Furthermore, P. vulgaris extract suppressed TNF-${\alpha}$-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results demonstrate that P. vulgaris possesses anti-inflammatory properties and can regulate TNF-${\alpha}$-induced expression of adhesion molecules by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

Male genital tract inflammatory conditions may be associated with unexplained infertility. The presence of cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) was reported in the semen of infertile men. However, the effect of these cytokines on human sperm function is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in-vitro effects of TNF-alpha on human sperm motility with computer assisted sperm analysis. Washed sperm from 16 normal men were incubated without and with TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.1, 10, 1000 ng/ml). The changes of parameters of sperm motility were recorded at different time intervals (0, 5, 24 hour). There was no significant change of parameters of sperm motility in the incubation with TNF-${\alpha}$. It is suggested that TNF-${\alpha}$ alone does not interfere with the sperm motility and more studies are needed.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2018

It is noted that chalcone derivatives have characteristic diverse pharmacological properties, and that precise evidence has been growing that they could regulate a tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) induced insulin resistance. The purpose of the present investigation is to elucidate the effects of the identified chalcone derivatives on adipogenesis, and to find the underlying mechanism of action in that case. Consequently, we first investigated whether the chalcone derivatives could affect the identified $PPAR{\gamma}$-induced transcriptional activity on the proliferator-activated receptor response elements (PPRE) at target promoters, and find that trans-chalcone most significantly increased the $PPAR{\gamma}$-induced transcriptional activity. Additionally, we confirmed that there were up-regulatory effects of trans-chalcone during the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and on the mRNA of adipogenic factors in 3T3-L1 cells. Next, we examined the effect of trans-chalcone on the inhibition induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$ on adipogenesis. To that end, we noted that the treatment with trans-chalcone attenuated the effect of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mediated secretion of various adipokines that are involved in insulin sensitivity. For this reason, we noted that this study clearly demonstrates that trans-chalcone enhanced adipogenesis, in part, by its potent effect on $PPAR{\gamma}$ activation and by its reverse effect on $TNF-{\alpha}$.