• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

The water quality from nonpoint source run off results from different land use types has been studied. The construction of a buffer strip is one method of nonpoint source pollutant control. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been applied to estimate the pollutant removal through the buffer strip. When the non-business land has been changed into grass to form a buffer-strip, the change of land use effects the results of the model according to measures of the water quality. The data from a water level station within the watershed in the years 2006 and 2007 was used for calibration and validation of the model. Under the rainfall conditions in 2007, the removal rates of SS, BOD, TN, TP were 11.5%, 9.5%, 1.2%, and 4.5%, respectively. During the rainy days, the removal rates at the buffer strip were 92.3% of SS, 91.2% of BOD, 82.4% of TN, and 83.5% of TP. The pollutants from nonpoint sources were effectively removed by over 80% as they passed through the buffer strips. Rainfall resulted in soil erosion, which led to an increase in the SS concentration, therefore, the construction of buffer strips protected the streams from SS inflows. Since TN concentrations are affected by the inflows of ground water and the N concentration of the rainfall, the removal rate of TN was relatively lower than for the other pollutants.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2016

This study evaluated the levels of cardiac biomarkers in dogs with either pulmonic stenosis or aortic stenosis and the correlation between biomarkers and the severity of stenosis assessed by the echocardiography. To achieve this study goal, 38 dogs (10 healthy control dogs, 15 dogs with pulmonic stenosis and 13 dogs with aortic stenosis) were examined. The jet velocity and pressure gradient in this study population were measured by echocardiographic estimation, after which the study group was subdivided by the severity of stenosis. The plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured in this study group. The median concentrations of cTnI and NT-proBNP of the disease group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and these increased gradually as stenosis worsened. The severity of stenosis and the concentrations of cTnI and NT-porBNP were also found to be significantly correlated. Finally, the plasma cTnI and NT-proBNP tests were found to beneficial for differentiating clinical patients, predicting the progression of disease, and monitoring the outcome of interventional therapy for stenosis.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1045-1053
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effect of water level of water resources on water quality in Ulsan. Two reservoirs, Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam, were selected and water quality of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were analyzed from 2012 to 2014. And the characteristics of precipitation were also analyzed for 70 years (1945~2014) because runoff of non-point pollutant was strongly affected by precipitation. As a result, water deterioration of Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam were affected in accordance with lowering water level. For example, the concentrations of COD and TN was negatively correlated with the water level when the water level of Sayeon Dam was gradually decreased in 2013. The TN concentration was increased to 1.432 mg/L from 0.875 mg/L while the lowest water level of Sayeon Dam was recorded 45 m in 2014. Additionally the concentration of COD and TN was sensitively increased with 0.213 mg/L/m and 0.058 mg/L/m on account of non-point pollutant runoff. It is indicated that hereafter a control of non-point pollutant runoff is the critical factors to maintain water resources because the contribution of non-point pollutant is expected to increase due to the frequent heavy rain events. Therefore, it is necessary to map out a specific plan for non-point pollutant control based on analyses of runoff characteristics, water pollution sources and reduction plans in water pollutants and to establish a water modelling and database system as a preventive action plan.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1998

이 연구는 심근손상이 예상되는 개심술 환자들을 대상으로 수술에 따른 TnT의 혈중내 농도변화를 추적하여 심근세포 손상의 진단적 지표로서의 유용성을 조사하였고 기존의 효소진단 방법인 CK-MB 백분율 및 LDH1/LDH2비와 유용성을 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구는 1996년 1월부터 1996년 6월까지 인제대학교 부산백병원에서 개심술을 받은 성인 환자 중 술전 혈청 TnT 농도가 정상 범위였던 30명을 선정하여 시간대별 채혈로 시행되었다. 연구의 목적에 따라 환자들을 I 군(대동맥 차단시간 60분 이하, n=15)과 II군(대동맥 차단시간 60분 이상, n=15)으로 나누어 비교 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 혈청 TnT의 농도는 양 군 모두 수술 중 상승하여 대동맥 차단의 제거후 유의하게 증가하였다(p＜0.001). I 군에서는 술후 1일에 최고치(1.10$\pm$0.19 ng/ml)에 도달하였고 II 군에서는 체외순환 종료시 최고치(1.88$\pm$0.42 ng/ml)에 도달하여 이후 술후 7일까지 양군 모두 대조치에 비해 유의한 증가가 지속되었다(p＜0.01). 2. CK-MB/total CK(이하 CK-MB 백분율 이라 함)의 경우 양 군 모두 수술 시작과 함께 유의하게 증가하여(p＜0.001) 체외순환 종료시 최고치를 보였고 이후 술후 1일째까지 유의한 상승을 보였으나 술후 3일에는 기준치로 돌아옴으로써 혈청TnT에 비해 민감도가 떨어졌다. 3. LDH1/LDH2비는 수술동안 및 술후시기 전체에 걸쳐 대조치에 비해 유의한 변화가 없었다(p＞0.05). 4. 수술동안의 혈청 TnT 농도와 CK-MB 백분율 변화간에는 의미있는 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.64, p＜0.05). 5. I 군에 비해 II 군에서 혈청 TnT 농도는 대동맥 차단제거 시작 직전부터 술후 1일까지 유의한 증가를 보여(p＜0.05) 대동맥 차단 시간의 지속 정도가 심근세포 손상의 중요한 인자임을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 혈청 TnT는 심근세포 손상에 있어 유용한 기준지표가 됨으로 향후 급성심근 경색증의 진단 뿐만 아니라 개심술에 따른 심근세포 손상 정도의 예측과 술후 환자의 감시에 표식자로서의 중요성이 기대 되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2001

Urea as a silage additive increases crude protein but reduces fermentation quality of silage by increasing pH and enhancing clostridial bacteria growth, especially in low sugar forages. Glucose and formic acid might be expected to compensate these defects caused by urea addition to grass silage. Thus, in this experiment urea formic acid or urea with glucose was applied to improve N content and the quality of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) silage. The first growth of napiergrass was harvested at 85 days of age and about 700 g of the grass was ensiled in laboratory silos (1.0 liter polyethylene containers) for 2, 7, 14, and 30 days at room temperature ($28^{\circ}C$). The treatments were no additives (control), urea, urea+glucose or urea+formic acid. Urea was added before ensiling at 0.5% of fresh weight of napiergrass and glucose and formic acid were added at 1% of fresh weight, respectively. After opening the silo, pH, dry matter content (DM), contents on DM basis of total N (TN), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA) and butyric acid (BA) were determined. The control at 30 days of fermentation showed 5.89 for pH with 13.8% for VBN/TN and 1.51% for AA. The addition of urea increased TN by about 1.5% units but decreased the fermentation quality by increasing pH from 5.89 to 6.86, increasing VBN/TN from 13.8% to 24.63%, increasing BA from 0.02% to 0.56%, and decreasing LA from 1.03% to 0.02%. Glucose addition with urea significantly decreased VBN/TN from 13.8% to 4.44% by reducing pH from 6.86 to 4.83 because of higher production of LA (2.62%). Adding urea and formic acid resulted in a more pronounced depression of VBN/TN and fermentation than the addition of urea and glucose. This study suggested that the combination of 1% glucose or 1% formic acid with 0.5% urea will improve nutritive value and fermentation quality of napiergrass silage.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2009

The established mathematical modeling methods have limitation to know the hydraulic characteristics at the wastewater treatment plant which are complex and nonlinear systems. So, an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on hydraulic characteristics is applied for modeling wastewater quality of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant using DNR (Daewoo nutrient removal) process. ANN was trained using data which are influents (TSS, BOD, COD, TN, TP) and effluents (COD, TN, TP) components in a year, and predicted the effluent results based on the training. To raise the efficiency of prediction, inputs of ANN are added the influent and effluent information that are in yesterday and the day before yesterday. The results of training data tend to have high accuracy between real value and predicted value, but test data tend to have lower accuracy. However, the more hydraulic characteristics are considered, the results become more accuracy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2013

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases among elderly men. As the old-age population is increasing recently, it is to our interest to observe the growing BPH within them. In BPH, the dihydrotestosterone (DHT) acts as promotes prostate growth. It inhibits enzyme $5{\alpha}$-reductase that is involved in the conversion of testosterone to the DHT activity which reduces the excessive prostate growth. Through experiments, the effects of Phellius linteus water extract performed on the BPH rats were induced by testosterone treatments. For 12 weeks, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with testosterone for the induction of BPH. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: the not treated group (N), the testosterone injection and D.W treatment group (TN), the testosterone injection and Phellinus linteus treatment group (TP) and testosterone injection and finasteride treatment group (TF). Prostate weight, volume and weight ratio in the TP group and the TF group were significantly lower than the TN group. Testosterone and DHT levels in the TN group were significantly higher than that of the N group. And the TP group was significantly decreased than that of the TN group. While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation; the TP and TF groups showed trophic symptoms and were lined by flattened epithelial cells, thus, the stromal proliferation is relatively low as compared to the TN group. These suggest that Phellinus linteus water extracts may be an useful remedy for treating the benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 IT(In-plane switching foisted nematic) 모드를 기반으로 광 투과 특성을 개선시킨 Pseudo-TN IPS(Pseudo-Twisted Nematic In-Plane Switching) 모드를 새롭게 제안하고 그 광 투과 특성을 분석하였다. PTN-IPS 모드의 경우 개구율을 향상시켜 투과율 면적을 향상시킴으로써 종래의 IT 모드보다 약 25%정도의 높은 광 투과 특성을 나타내었으며, 전압인가에 따른 광 투과율의 변화가 선형적이므로, 광 투과율 조절을 위한 액정의 제어가 IT 모드에 비해 용이함을 확인하였다. 또한, IT 모드에 비해 수평방향 대비비는 약 8%정도 특성이 열화 되었으나 수직 방향에 있어서는 약 20%이상의 특성개선을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이와 더불어, 기존 IT 모드가 가지고 있는 샐 갭에 대한 특성 및 장점을 가지고 있어, 차세대 액정 셀을 개발하는데 유용하게 사용될 것이라 생각된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1983년도 하계학술회의강연.논문초록집
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• pp.44-45
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• 1983

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2001

The present study was prospectively designed to assess the clinical effect of leukocyte-depleted blood cardioplegic solution (BCS) on myocardium during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). 30 adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were divided into control group (n＝15), which infused routine BCS, and leukocyte-depleted (LD) group (n＝15), which infused leukocyte-depleted BCS. Total and differential leukocyte counts in BCS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and troponin-T (TnT) concentrations in coronary sinus blood, and cardiac index (CI) were measured at preoperative and postoperative period. The BCS in LD group had less total leukocyte counts with neutropenia than that in control group (P＜0.01). MDA (3.70$\pm$0.35 vs 5.90$\pm$0.57 $\mu$mol/L, p<0.05) and TnT (0.42$\pm$0.03 vs 0.60$\pm$0.09 ng/mL, p<0.05) were significantly low in LD group compared with control group, while LD group had higher CI (3.28$\pm$0.16 L/min/$m^2$, p<0.05) than control group (2.69$\pm$0.18 L/min/$m^2$). These results suggest that leukocyte-depleted blood cardioplegic solution has a better myocardial protective effect with less generations of oxygen free radicals and ischemia/reperfusion injury.