• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2007

수입 옥수수들의 TME가를 구하고 진정 아미노산 이용율(TAAA) 그리고 여타 진정 영양소 이용율을 측정하기 위하여 57주령 된 Hy-Line rooster 24수를 대사 케이지에 수용하고 미국산 (USA), 아르헨티나산(ARG), 중국산(CHN), 중국산‐premium(CHNP) 등 원산지별로 5수씩 공시하였고 내인성 에너지가와 아미노산을 측정하기 위해 4수를 절식구로 두어 총 4회에 걸쳐 4주 간격을 두고 대사시험을 실시하였다. 얻어진 TME값은 In vitro 방법에 의해 측정한 MEn, ME 그리고 MEpc와의 상관계수를 구하였다. 풍건물(as fed) 기준으로 한 TME 값에 있어서 USA구가 3,745로 ARG구 3,555 그리고 CHNP구 3,517 보다 유의하게(P<0.01) 높았고 CHN구 3,671kcal/kg와는 유의한 차가 없었다. 건물(DM) 기준 TME 값은 USA구가 4,144로 CHN구 4,060와 CHNP구 4,008과는 유의한 차가 없었으나 ARG구 4,001kcal/kg 보다는 유의하게(P<0.05) 높았다. 옥수수의 phenylalanine, histidine 그리고 arginine의 TAAA는 수입 옥수수간에 유의한 차이가 있었는데 USA가 가장 높았다. 그러나 전체 아미노산의 TAAA에 있어서는 유의차가 없었으나 USA 옥수수가 89.4%로 다른 원산지 옥수수들인 ARG 89.3%, CHN 89.1%, CHNP 86.5% 보다 다소 높았다. 영양소 이용률에 있어서 NFE 이용율은 USA, ARG 그리고 CHN 옥수수가 CHNP 옥수수 보다 유의하게(P<0.05) 높았으며 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유 및 조회분의 이용율에는 시료간에 유의한 차가 없었다. TME가와 In vitro 방법에 의해 측정된 MEn가 사이의 상관계수는 0.91로 P<0.1이었으나 TME가와 ME가 그리고 TME가와 MEpc가 사이에서의 상관계수는 각각 0.90과 0.83으로 P>0.1이었다. 결론적으로 미국산 옥수수가 TME값과 아미노산 이용율이 가장 높았고 중국산 premium corn은 중국산 regular corn과 비교했을 때 유의한 차이가 없었다. In vitro 방법으로 옥수수의 TME가를 추정할 경우 MEn값 산출 공식을 이용하는 것이 적합하다고 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1983

본 시험은 현행 ME 측정방법을 비교 검토하기 위하여 옥수수, 수수, 대맥, 어분, 대두박에 대하여 TCM, IM과 AME$_{F}$, TME bioassay법을 비교측정한 결과 다음의 성적을 얻었다. 1. TCM 및 IM에 의해 AME 측정시 어분을 제외하곤 각 방법간에는 유의차가 없었으나 (p＞.05) TCM에 의한 측정치는 다소 높은 경향이었다. 2. AME$_{F}$와 AME가 간에는 수수를 제외하고는 유의차 (p＞.05)를 발견할 수 없었으며 이와 관련하여 AME$_{F}$ bioassay를 이용 AME 측정상 문제점을 검토하였다. 3. 옥수수, 수수, 대맥의 AME$_{FC}$, TME치는 AME, AME$_{F}$)에 비하여 유의적(p＜.05)으로 높은 반면 어분과 대두박은 비슷하거나 낮았다. 이러한 사실은 AMF$_{FC}$와 TME측정법은 어분 및 대두박의 AME$_{FC}$나 TME가를 저하시키는 요인이 있음을 지적하는 것이라 하겠다. 4. TME, AME$_{FC}$와 T-AME가를 비교시 옥수수ㆍ수수ㆍ대맥의 TME가는 AME$_{FC}$나T-AME가 보다 유의적(p＜.05)으로 높았으나 반면 어분, 대두박은 현저히 낮았다(p＜.05). 따라서 TME, AME$_{FC}$와 T-AMF 간의 관계는 특히 단백질사료와 같은 각 사료의 종료마다 일정치 않았다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.170-170
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• 2018

In some case studies, the heavy precipitation events and rapid cyclogenesis in the extratropics can be caused by moist and warm tropical air masses. Tropical Moisture Exports (TME) correspond to the meridional transport of moist air masses, primarily born in tropical oceanic areas, to higher latitudes; and are closely related to flood events, especially in the mid-latitudes. The TME for the region of interest is mostly estimated by the back tracking approach using Lagrangian Analysis Tools (LAGRANTO) from ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) data. In this study, we aim to estimate the TME that are related to rainfall in Korea. The major moisture sources of the TME that contribute to heavy rainfall and extreme floods in Korea are identified. The TME is found to have significant connection with extreme events in Korea such as heavy rainfall and extreme flood events. The results show the most of the moisture sources comes from the west Pacific during the warm half of the year and it contributes significantly to the annual TME and is linked to the East Asian monsoon.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.564-568
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase on the additivity of true metabolizable energy (TME) and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy ($TME_n$) for broiler diets. Methods: A total of 144 21-day-old broilers were randomly allotted to 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicates. Five treatments consisted of 5 ingredients of corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, or corn gluten meal. One mixed diet containing 200 g/kg of those 5 ingredients also was prepared. Additional 6 treatments were prepared by mixing 0.5 g/kg dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase with those 5 ingredients and the mixed diet. Based on a precision-fed chicken assay, TME and $TME_n$ values for 5 ingredients and the mixed diet as affected by dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase were determined. Results: Results indicated that when ${\beta}$-mannanase was not added to the diet, measured TME and $TME_n$ values for the diet did not differ from the predicted values for the diet, which validated the additivity. However, for the diet containing ${\beta}$-mannanase, measured $TME_n$ value was greater (p<0.05) than predicted $TME_n$ value, indicating that the additivity was not validated. Conclusion: In conclusion, the additivity of energy values for the mixed diet may not be guaranteed if the diet contains ${\beta}$-mannanase.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2023

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system composed of many cell types and an extracellular matrix (ECM). During tumorigenesis, cancer cells constantly interact with cellular components, biochemical cues, and the ECM in the TME, all of which make the environment favorable for cancer growth. Emerging evidence has revealed the importance of substrate elasticity and biomechanical forces in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying the cell response to mechanical signals-such as extrinsic mechanical forces and forces generated within the TME-are still relatively unknown. Moreover, having a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which cancer cells sense mechanical forces and transmit signals to the cytoplasm would substantially help develop effective strategies for cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of biomechanical forces in the TME and the intracellular signaling pathways activated by mechanical cues as well as highlights the role of mechanotransductive pathways through mechanosensors that detect the altering biomechanical forces in the TME.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.325-328
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• 1979

트란스-1,2-비스피라질에틸렌(BPE)과 테트라메틸에틸렌(TME)용액에 빛을 쪼이면 이에대응한 탄화수소와는 달리 자유라디칼중간체를 거쳐 광첨가반응이 일어난다. 이 광첨가반응은 BPE의 $^1(n,\;{\pi}^*)$ 상태가 어느정도 자유라디칼 성격을 띄어 TME로 부터 알릴위치에 있는 수소원자를 탈취하여 일어난다. 주생성물을 대롱 크로마토그래피와 진공분별승화법으로 분리하여 2,3-디메틸-5,6-비스피라질-2-헥센임을 밝혔다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.571-575
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted to measure the true metabolizable energy (TME) values of seven major poultry feed ingredients, two feed concentrates and one randomly collected layer mixed feed prepared from the available feed ingredients. The results of this study were the most thorough evaluation of the TME content of some selected common feed ingredients of Bangladesh. The observed TME values of some feed ingredients were very close to the values of different origins of feed ingredients. But the TME values measured in mixed layer feed were very low which could not support the standard requirement of laying birds. There values will be of assistance in describing the energy content of the most common available feed ingredients of Bangladesh.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1207-1210
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• 2004

Holmium $\beta$ -diketonate complexes, Ho(hfa)$_3$(tme), has been prepared and characterized by IR, TGA, MS, and single-crystal X-ray analyses. This complex is air- and moisture-stable and most importantly has good volatility and thermal stability. Holmium atom binds to nine oxygen atoms, contributed by six oxygen atoms of three hfa ligands and three oxygen atoms of the tme ligand. The coordination polyhedron of Ho can be described as a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Crystal data for $Ho(hfa)_3(tme)$; orthorhombic $P2_12_12_1$, a = 15.415(4), b = 13.17(2), c = 17.291(3) $\AA$, V = 3496(1) ${\AA}^3$.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1984

본 시험의 기초사료의 에너지수준을 고정하고 단백질수준을 10%에서 30%까지 달리하여 rapid bioassay 방법과 true metabolizable energy(TME) bioassay 방법을 통해 옥수수와 대두백의 apparent metabolizable energy of Farrell (AM $E_{F}$ ), Corrected AM $E_{F}$ (AM $E_{FC}$ )와 AME, TME 가 AME, TME가 측정시 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시한 결과 다음의 성적을 얻었다. 1. 기초사료의 AM $E_{F}$ 치는 각 처리간 현저한 유의차가 인정되었으나( P＜0.05) 옥수수와 대두박의 AM $E_{F}$ 치는 전처리간 유의차가 없었다(P＞0.05). 기초사료의 AM $E_{FC}$ 치는 처리간 유의성이 인정된( P＜0.05) 반면 옥수수는 유의차가 없었고(P＞0.05) 대두박은 20% crude protein(CP), 30% CP 처리는 타 처리와 비교시 현저히 낮았다( P＜0.05). 2. AM $E_{F}$ 와 AM $E_{FC}$ 측정시 섭취량은 일정치 못하여 단백섭취량도 처리간 뚜렷한 차가 없었다. 3. 기초사료 및 옥수수, 대두박의 AME가는 전처리간 현저한 차가 없었던(P＞0.05). 반면 TME가는 처리간 일정한 경향없이 유의차가 있었는데 (P＜0.05) 이는 metabolic fecal energy＋endogenous urinary energy(FEm＋UEe) 손실량이 개체마다 급이한 사료에 따라 차가 있었는데 기인한 것이었다. 4. 채분시간별 (24시간 이 30시간) 기초사료의 AME, TME치는 10, 15, 20% CP 수준에선 유의차(P＜0.05)가 인정되었지만 옥수수와 대두백의 AME, TME 치는 채분시간에 따라 영향 받지 않았다. 이는 단백수준에 상관없이 채분시간은 24시간으로 충분하다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.543-554
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• 1992

True metabolizable energy(TME) is believed a better indicator for animal performance than apparent metabolizable energy (AME) for excluding the endogenous energy losses from excreta, However few researches have been conducted to compare superiority of any energy systems through practical animal feeding tests. Present study was to compare the energy systems in young chicks in terms of predictability of energy intake for the birds performances including body energy retention and of methodological accuracy by evaluating reproducibility and additi-vity of energy values of feed ingredients and compound diets. Five ingredients such as yellow corn wheat soybean meal fish meal and wheat bran were measured for their various biological energy values. in the first feeding trial chicks were restric-ted-fed the basal diet at 80, 60 and 40% on weight basis of the amount of feed ingested by chicks fed ad libitum the same diet. chicks in the second trial were also restricted-fed diets at levels of 80, 70, 60 and 50% on energy basis of the amount consumed by the basak duet group fed ad libitum The diets in the latter trial were however composed of differeent formulations from the basal diet. One-week-old Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks were individually alloted in a cage on 10 cages/treatment basis and fed the diets for 14 days. Individual carcass energy was measured after the feeding trials. Coefficients of variation of energy measurements were lesser for nitrogen-corrected AME and TME(AMEn & TMEn respectively) than AME and TME values suggesting taht reprodu-cibility of energy determinations by former systems could be better than the latters. The coeffi-cients for AME and TME were almkost of the same values. Additivity obtained by the rations between the calculated values and catual measurements appeared quite satisfactory for all the energy systems. Those of AME and TME however were relatively better than the other systems. Regression coefficient ${r}^2$ between energy intake by various systems and chick performances appeared higher for TME, AMEn and TMEn than AME implying that the former systems could provide better predictability for body weight gain and energy retention than the AME. The ${r}^2$ values for TME and AMEn particularly for body weight gain were on the average 0.967 and 0.960 respectively. In conclusion TME or AMEn can be recommended as choice for dietary energy system in terms of performance predictability of the birds and of procedural convenience for the measurements.