• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.457-468
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• 2022

Objective : The clinical management paradigm of skull base chordomas is still challenging. Surgical resection plays an important role of affecting the prognosis. Endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA) has gradually become the preferred surgical approach in most cases, but traditional transcranial surgery cannot be completely replaced. This study presents a comparison of the results of the two surgical strategies and a summary of the treatment algorithms for skull base chordomas. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes and follow-up data of 48 patients with skull base chordomas diagnosed pathologically who received transnasal midline approaches (TMA) and transcranial lateral approaches (TLA) from 2010 to 2020. Results : Among the 48 patients, 36 cases were adopted TMA and 12 cases were performed with TLA. In terms of gross total resection (GTR) rate, 27.8% in TMA and 16.7% in TLA and with EEA alone it was increased to 38.9%, while 29.7% in primary surgery. In TMA, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak remains the most common complication (13 cases, 36.1%), other main complications included death, cranial nerve palsy, hypopituitarism, all the comparisons were no statistical significance. The Karnofsky Performance Scale scores in TMA were all better than those in TLA at different time, and the overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival/progression free survival was just the reverse. Conclusion : The EEA for skull base chordomas resection has improved the GTR rate, but transcranial approach is still an alternative approach. It is necessary to select an appropriate surgical approach based on the location and the pattern of tumor growth in order to obtain the best surgical outcomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.395-395
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• 2012

We fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid thin film for the purpose of encapsulation by molecular layer deposition (MLD) using Trimethylaluminium (TMA) and Adipoyl Chloride (AC). Ellipsometry was employed to verify self limiting reaction of ALD. Linear relationship between number of cycle and thickness was obtained. We found that desirable organic thin film fabrication is possible by MLD surface reaction in nanoscale. Purging was carried out after dosing of each precursor to form monolayer in each sequence. We also confirmed roughness of the organic thin film by atomic force microscopy. We deposit TMA and AC at $70^{\circ}C$ and that 1.78A root mean square was obtained which indicates that uniform organic thin film was formed. We confirmed precursor's functional group by IR spectrum. We calculated WVTR of organic-inorganic hybrid super-lattice epitaxial layer using Ca test. WVTR indicates superlattice film can be possibly use as encapsulation in flexible devices.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2017

The present paper describes the slagging field data obtained with the one-dimensional process model for the 500 MW tangentially coal fired boiler in Korea. To obtain slagging field data in terms of thermal resistances [$m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C/kW$], a number of plant data were collected and analyzed with the one-dimensional modelling software at 500 MW full load. The slagging field data for the primary superheater were obtained for six coal blends, and compared with two TMA (Thermo-Mechanical analyzer) slagging indices and the numerical slagging index, along with the conventional slagging indices which were modified with the ash loading. The advanced two TMA indices for six blended coals give a good slagging tendency when comparing them with the slagging field data, while the modified conventional slagging indices give a relatively poor agreement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.372-379
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• 2011

Estimating underwater target state variables(position, velocity, course, etc) is necessary to counteract threatening targets. In passive sonar systems, conventional target motion analysis(TMA) techniques using bearing and frequency measurements of an underwater target are widely introduced. However, it is not clear how conventional TMA techniques can be used if some of frequency measurements are unavailable during parts of the scenario, partially unavailable frequency measurements are common in the ocean with complicated acoustic conditions where frequency measurements often come and go. This paper proposes a new TMA algorithm, which is robust to partially unavailable frequency measurements, using the frequency measurements fusion method.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.2 s.85
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• pp.199-207
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• 2001

The segmented TMA T-loop spring, used for reciprocal space closure and described by Burstone, was used to achievebodily movement of canine. Photoelastic analysis is a technique for the transformation of internal stress into visible light patterns. The two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis was performed, and stress distribution was recorded by photography. The purpose of this study was to visualize photoelastically the distribution of forces transmitted to the alveolus and surrounding structures using new segmented TMA T-loop spring for canine retraction. The results were as follows: 1. Decreased activation produced decreased stress of upper 1st. premolar extraction site and increased intrusive stress of upper 1st. molar, regardless of T-loop position. 2. At 5mm activation, More posterior positioning of T-loop Produced an increased stress in upper 1st. premolar extraction site. 3. At 3mm activation, More posterior positioning of T-loop produced an increased stress in upper 1st. premolar extraction site and mesial lower half of upper 1st. molar mesio-buccal root. 4. At 1mm activation, More anterior positioning of T-loop produced an increased stress in upper mesial and blew apex area of upper canine root. 5. 0.25 B/L ratio and 3mm activation produced bodily movement of canine. To summarize, desired tooth movement and anchorage requirement is possible by altering the activation and mesio-distal position of the T-loop spring.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

A discrete-time(DT) filter with high-order temporal moving average(TMA) using actively-weighted charge sampling is proposed in this paper. To obtain different weight of sampled charge, the variable transconductance OTA is used prior to charge sampler, and the ratio of charge can be effectively weighted by switching the control transistors in the OTA. As a result, high-order TMA operation can be possible by actively-weighted charge sampling. In addition, the transconductance generated by the OTA is relatively accurate and stable by using the size ratio of the control transistors. The high-order TMA filter has small size, increased voltage gain, and low parasitic effects due to the small amount of switches and sampling capacitors. It is implemented in the TSMC $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process by TMA-$2^2$. The simulated voltage gain is about 16.7 dB, and P1dB and IIP3 are -32.5 dBm and -23.7 dBm, respectively. DC current consumption is about 9.7 mA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.482-495
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• 2002

Changes in ATP and related compounds, TMAO, TMA, creatine and creatinine were analyzed to establish the processing conditions for rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy(Engrulis japonica) extracts during fermentation. Experimental sample A: chopped whole anchovy, adding 20% water, heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs and then adding 10% NaCl. Sample B: chopped whole anchovy, adding 20% water, heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs and then adding 13% NaCl. Sample C: chopped whole anchovy adding 13% NaCl. Sample D: whole anchovy adding 17% NaCl. ATP, ADP, AMP and IMP were broken down during fermentation period, while inosine and hypoxanthine or hypoxanthine were detected in each fermented liquefaction of anchovy. However the amounts of them were varied from collection to collection according to the pretreatment methods. Possibly ATP and their related compounds will not make a great contribution to the umami taste in fermented liquefaction of anchovy. The contents of TMAO were decreased during fermentation period, ranging from 3 to 15 mg/100g in the fermented liquefaction of anchovy after 180 days. The TMA contents were increased slowly during fermentation period, ranging from 60 to 114 mg/100g in the 180 days specimens, however their contents were varied from sample to sample. The contents of creatine and creatinine were increased during early fermentation period, and then they were decreased in the last period. As for distribution of nitrogen in the anchovy extracts, the contribution of creatine and creatinine to the extractive nitrogen was occupying 6.8, 5.7, 4.6 and 5.7% in the experimental sample A, B, C and D, respectively. The contribution of ATP and related compounds to the extractive nitrogen was occupying 2.1, 2.4, 2.2 and 2.7% in the experimental sample A, B, C and D, respectively. The contribution of TMAO and TMA to the extractive nitrogen was very low as they are occupying $0.7{\sim}1.2%$ in the four experimental samples.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.1 s.72
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• pp.107-112
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• 1999

As increasing number of adult patients, the esthetic orthodontic appliances are needed. They are tooth-colored or translucent ceramic and resin brackets. Although ceramic and resin bracket have good esthetics, there are some disadvantage such as frictions. Recently, metal-reinforced resin bracket(MRBB) were introduced. The purpose of this study is to find frictional force of MRRB, ceramic bracket and resin brackets. There is few study in frictional force about metal reinforced resin bracket(MRRB). This study used 4 orthodontic wire(.016 S-S, .0l6X.022 S-S, .016 $TMA^{\circledR}$, .0l7X.025 $TMA^{\circledR}$ and 5 brackets(one metal bracket, one ceramic bracket, one resin bracket, two MRRB). The following result is obtained using metal bracket(Ormco.Co., U.S.A), ceramic brackets($Crystalline^{\circledR}$), resin bracket( Clear Medium $Siamase^{\circledR}$). Following conclusions are obtained. 1. Ceramic and resin bracket have significantly more frictional forces than metal reinforced resin bracket and metal bracket. 2. There is no significant difference in frictional force according to the slot types of metal - reinforced resin brackets. 3. There is no significant difference in frictional force between metal reinforced resin bracket and metal bracket. 4.. Frictional force is decreased in S-S wire than TMA wire.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 1995

The changes of nucleotide and their related compounds, TMAO, TMA and total creatinine content of mackerel, pacific saury, yellow croaker and brown sole were investigated on heating conditions. The results were as follows. The content of inosine was the highest in all fish commonly, and white muscle fish showed higher than that of red muscle fish. The content of hypoxanthine showed increase by heat treatment but other compounds showed decrease. The contents of TMAO showed 31.1, 26.2, 49.4 and 58.5 mg% in each sample of raw materials, and brown sole showed the highest content than other fishes and TMAO contents showed decrease by heat treatment. The contents of TMA showed 3.7, 5.8, 22.9 and 16.9 mg% in each sample, and pacific saury showed the highest content than other fishes but TMA contents showed increase by heat treatment. The contents of total creatinine showed 341.2, 469.8, 52.3 and 87.6 mg% in each sample, and red muscle fish showed higher than that of white muscle fish and the highest content was shown in yellow croaker. All fish species showed decrease in contents of flavoring by heat treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.698-705
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• 1994

The basic medium oil modified alkyd resin was synthesized from linseed oil fatty acid(LOFA), phthalic anhydride(PAA), maleic anhydride(MA) and trimethylol propane(TMP) by condensation polymerization at $230^{\circ}C$. MA/TMPTA modified water-reducible alkyd resins were synthesized with TMPTA graft copolymerization onto the basic resin at $180^{\circ}C$. Acid value of the resin was controlled by the addition amount of MA and N,N-dimethylethanol amine(DMEA) was used as a neutralizing agent to prepare of the water-reducible alkyd resin. The effect of TMPTA on the graft copolymerization of the resin was studied by measuring molecular weight glass transition temperature(Tg), viscosity, graft efficiency, and gel contents of melanin cured film. Heat resistance, UV resistance and water resistance of cured film of MA/TMPTA modified resin was compared to those of TMA/TMPTA modified alkyd resin. The molecular weight, viscosity gel contents and graft efficiency of water reducible alkyd resin were increased according to the TMPTA graft copolymerization, but Tg was decreased. The viscosity was lower when the solid contents reached 40% than that of 30% content and also and also became lower with the extent of neutralization ratio, The heat resistance, UV resistance and water resistance of the MA/TMPTA modified alkyd resis were better than those of TMA/TMPTA modified alkyd resin but the storage stability of the TMA/TMPTA alkyd resis was better than that of MA/TMPTA modified alkyd resin.