• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to study the optimum energy feeding regimens fur broiler breeders peaked in winter season with 400 caged hens of Ross strain. Four energy supply regimens which were different in daily energy allotment during laying period were employed for 40 weeks from 24 to 64 weeks of age. All experimental diets were formulated to contain 2,750 kcal ME/kg with adjustments made in total feed allotment to provide the desired energy levels. Total consumption of the feed would provide 20 g of protein, 4 g of calcium and 0.35 g of available phosphorus. There were no difference in hen-day egg production and average egg weight among the regimens of energy supply. Feed, ME and feed cost required per egg or per kg egg were significantly increased as the level of energy allotment increased(p<0.05). It was concluded that the energy supply regimen, which supplied 280 kcal ME per day at the age of 24 weeks and then increased the energy supply up to 400 kcal ME per day at the peak period of 30∼34 weeks of age, was superior in feed, ME and feed cost required per egg or per kg egg without any adverse effect on eg production and egg weight.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1992

The genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMS) could be released accidentally or ii)rexperimental purposes, as the genetic engineering, technique ha:. become very popular inany laboratories of biological sciences. But there have been littlt: informations on transkrbehavior of the genetically ~nodified genes in the natural en\ironmentx. In this stutly.antibiotic resistant bacteria were isolated from nat.ural waters. and then GEM strains wereconstructed i'rom the natural isolate (NI) by ~noclification oi' the Km' plasmitl. Thetransferability of the plasmids in the GEM and NI strains were examinetl by con-jugationin Luria-Bertani broth :it 30$^{\circ}$C. Also the cff'ccts 01' mating strain and pH on their transferfrequency and rearrangement of the plasmids in tl-~ec o~ijugantsM ere comp:irati\ely stuclictl.I'hc transkr frequency of Km' plasmid in donor of GEM and N1 strains wah similar a.;about 10 ' when co~ljugation was conducted wit11 M'I'I strain is recipient at pH 7. butthat of 1)KCOOI was lowered to 1.2X 10 '. And when the lab. stlain was uhccl as recipient.the transfer tendency of the plasmid was about same in both (;EM and NI strains usedas donor. All thc tionor 5trains. except for I)KC601. showecl the Ilighcs~ frequency of about10 ' at pH 7 and the frequcncics were lowered at both pH 5 and 9. Hut the mocliliedKm' plasmid in the cloned strain of DKC601 was transferred hy very low frequency of10 "at pH 5 ant1 7 comparing to other GEM strains. especiall! any co~~.jugantws ere notobtained at pH 4 and 9 even after conjugation for 6 hours. Rearrangement of the plasmidstranskrred into the lab. strain was not found in the conjugants. I\ulcornerut a lot of rearrangclncntwas ohservecl nlhen they were transferred into the NI strain. Such a rearrangement wasmore severe when donor was GEM strain rather then NI strain Hut such ;r phenomenonwas less affected by p!-l values.r phenomenon was less affected by p!-l values.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 1993

Greeling, Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks is commonly found at the coastal waters of Korea and Japan. The authors carried out the artificial insemination in the laboratory on Dec, 17, 1987, and reared the hatched larvae in an aquarium. The eggs were demersal and adhesive, and their diameters were 2.00~2.15mm. Color of yolk was light yellow in the early stage, and then turned to orange before hatching. The yolk had numerous tiny oil globules. Hatching began about 477hours after insemination under water temperature of $10.0{\sim}14.5^{\circ}C$. The newly hatched larvae were elongate in shape and 7.48~8.25mm in total length(TL) with 49~50 myomeres. The larvae absorbed the yolk material and oil globules completely in 5days after hatching and became postlarvae. In 17days after hatching, mean total length of the larvae was 9.85mm, and the caudal notochord flex at $45^{\circ}$. In 23days, total length reached 10.54mm. The part of the fin-fold of the future dorsal and anal fins became high. Spawning season of the Greenling is known to be from November to January in the southern coast of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.878-890
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• 2007

This study aimed to provide a fundamental basis for the development and promotion of a Korea windchill temperature index model in the field of human biometeorology. For this, a sensitivity model currently being used by KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) was analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that the Korean peninsula could be divided into the urban area, the coastal/island area, the inland area, and the mountain area. The average temperature was highest in the coastal/island area, while it was lowest in the mountain regions. The lowest temperature in the urban and coastal/island areas was 20 degrees below zero and that in the inland and mountain regions were 30 degrees below zero. As for wind speed, both average and maximum wind speed were highest in the coastal/island area. The distribution of temperature and wind speed in winter was similar to that of the entire period. The results of the JAG/Tl and Missenard model sensitivity showed that temperature tends to have more influence on sensitivity than any other factors. In sub-zero temperature, however, the influence of wind speed tends to increase.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 1995

Lithium Fluoride (LiF; TLD-100) crystal chips are normally used as thermolu minescence dosimeters (abbreviated as NC-100) for estimating the absorbed dose to the skin of a patient or in a solid water phantom undergoing radiotherapy with megavoltage photon (6 and 15MV) beams. In general, investigation has revealed a reduction in the sensitivity of NC-100 chips after many runs through heating cycles. A TLD-100 chip laminated with gold plate (140${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) on the upper surface layer of its face toward the photon beam (abbreviated as GC-100) has properties different from that of a NC-100 chip activated by incident photons and contaminant electrons with various lower energies coming from the gantry head and air. Activation of the valence band electrons of GC-100 chips by incident photons, positrons and electrons-which come from the gold plate by mainly pair production process and partly from Compton scattering-results in more enhanced signal intensity, higher response per monitor unit, as well as a good linearity with monitor units and independence of dose rate. Since the electron beams (6 and 15 MeV) do not have the probability of pair production process with gold plate, there is only a small difference (about a 3.3％ increase for 15 MeV) in the signal gaps in the TL readout for electron beams between GC- and NC-100 chips. The 3.3％ increase is entirely due to the buildup caused by the 140 m gold plate. The sensitivity of GC-100 chips is much more susceptible to high energy photon beams than electron one because of pair production. The interaction of high energy photon with a material of high atomic number, such as the good plate in this case, results in a considerably significant probability of pair production. The gold plate on the NC-100 chips acts as not only an intensifier of their signals but also acts as a filter of contaminant electrons in therapeutic high energy X-ray beams.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.218-222
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• 1993

Lung/heart uptake ratio (L/H R) in $^{201}Tl$ myocardial perfusion scan is a reliable marker for long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the value of L/H R in $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan is controversial in determining the prognosis and severity of the coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical implications of L/H R in $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan. Forty five patients who received $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan were divided into control group and coronary artery disease (CAD) group by their clinical findings, EKGs, and $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scans. Twenty five patients in CAD group were divided into ischemic group and infarct group according to their results from $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan. L/H R was calculated on the anterior planar view, 60 minutes after infusion of dipyridamole. Two regions of interest (ROI) were placed on the left lung area 8 pixel above the left ventricle and on the myocardial area which had the highest radioactivity. In the control group, there were no significant differences of L/H R according to sex and age. No significant difference of L/H R was found between the control and CAD group ($0.26{\pm}0.06,\;0.29{\pm}0.05$, p>0.05). In the CAD group, there was also no significant difference of L/H R between the ischemic group and infarct group ($0.29{\pm}0.07,\;0.30{\pm}0.04$, p>0.05). L/H R in CAD group did not show correlations with the defect area of stress polar map (r=0.18, p >0.05) and with the sum of severity weighted extent score or reversibility score which represent severity and extent of myocardial perfusion defect area in stress (r=0.18, p>0.05). We conclude that it is difficult to use L/H R as a marker for severity of CAD in dipyridamole $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.2 s.73
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• pp.145-154
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• 2004

The growing demand for customer-responsive, made-to-order manufacturing is stimulating the need for improved dynamic decision-making processes in commercial fleet operations. Moreover, the rapid growth of electronic commerce through the internet is also requiring advanced and precise real-time operation of vehicle fleets. Accompanying these demand side developments/pressures, the growing availability of technologies such as AVL(Automatic Vehicle Location) systems and continuous two-way communication devices is driving developments on the supply side. These technologies enable the dispatcher to identify the current location of trucks and to communicate with drivers in real time affording the carrier fleet dispatcher the opportunity to dynamically respond to changes in demand, driver and vehicle availability, as well as traffic network conditions. This research investigates key aspects of real time dynamic routing and scheduling problems in fleet operation particularly in a truckload pickup-and-delivery problem under various settings, in which information of stochastic demands is revealed on a continuous basis, i.e., as the scheduled routes are executed. The most promising solution strategies for dealing with this real-time problem are analyzed and integrated. Furthermore, this research develops. analyzes, and implements hybrid algorithms for solving them, which combine fast local heuristic approach with an optimization-based approach. In addition, various partitioning algorithms being able to deal with large fleet of vehicles are developed based on 'divided & conquer' technique. Simulation experiments are developed and conducted to evaluate the performance of these algorithms.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the possible DNA damaging effects of T-2 toxin using an alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) comet assay and also to investigate toxic effects in chickens. A total of 20 chickens were used in these experiments. Graded concentrations of dietary T-2 toxin (0, 4, 8, and $16{\mu}g/g$ of diet) were given to groups of 5 broiler chickens. In comet assay, The DNA damage was analysed by the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL), which were used as markers of DNA strand breaks in SCGE. A significant dose-dependent increase in the extent of DNA migration as well as in the percentage of cells with tails was observed after treatment with T-2 toxin (P<0.05). Treatment with the low T-2 toxin ($4{\mu}/g$ of diet) induced a relatively low level of DNA damage in comparison with the high T-2 toxin ($16{\mu}/g$ of diet) group. The growth rate was significantly reduced by concentrations of 8, and $16{\mu}/g$ of diet (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio were significantly affected by any concentrations (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the spleen, and lung was decreased by the growth inhibitory concentrations. The bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and kid- ney were decreased in relative weight by concentrations of $16{\mu}/g$ of diet. The relative weight of the liver and heart were unaffected. The hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased at concentration of $16{\mu}/g$ of diet. As compared with control chickens, there was no marked change in serum components except uric acid in T-2 treated chickens. All lymphoid tissues retained atrophic and lymphoid cell depletion throughout the three weeks trial.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

This study was intended to identify the pregnant women's oral health care behaviors and the necessity of active oral care so as to use in the dental hygiene education at dental clinics as basic materials to inform the importance of oral health during pregnancy and instruct how to improve it. And to suggest a dental service direction for dental hygienists, 150 pregnant women who visited the Ostetrics and Genecology Clinics located in tl,e north part of Cholla province were surveyed with questionnaire on their oral care behaviors, from september to October in 2004. The findings were as below: 1. 43.8% of the pregnant women have ever used the dental care institutes within the recent 3 months during pregnancy period. The purpose of the visits was mostly treatment of dental caries, accounting for 40.0%. Next came the treatment of periodontal diseases, accounting for 33.8%. 2. At dental care service, 84.7% of the pregnant women informed the clinic staff of their pregnancy, 12.0% of the pregnant women were having periodical oral examination. 3. 56.7% of the pregnant women have ever inquired about oral care methods, 24.0% of the pregnant women have ever taken any oral health education, of whom 47.1% had higher schooling over graduate school, with a statistically signifiant difference. 4. 55.3% of the pregnant women made changes in their oral care practice after they got pregnant. Change of oral care practices was more obvious in those who had higher schooling background, of whom specialist women accounted 76.9%. Change of oral care practices after pregnancy was statistically significantly different to the academic background and occupation. 5. Of the changes in oral care practice after pregnancy, 51.8% of the pregnant women answered they got sensitive to change in their oral status, and 39.8% increased the frequency of tooth brushing. 6. In selecting a tooth paste after they got pregnant, 58.0% of the women didn't give any special consideration to the kind of tooth paste, while 10.7% women as low selected such tooth pastes that contain fluoride. 7. Pregnant women's route for gathering oral care information was mostly mass media and Internet which accounted for 50.7%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.