• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The initiation of the trunk muscles in stroke patients is delayed because the muscles involved in reach arm are activated earlier than the trunk muscles. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of mobility, balance, and trunk control ability through selective trunk exercise (STE) in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: A randomized pre-test and post-test control group design was initially used, with subjects randomly assigned to the STE group (n=15) and a control group (n=14). All groups underwent physical therapy based on the neuro-developmental therapy (NDT) for 30 minutes a day, five times per week for four weeks. Additionally, the STE group did the trunk exercise for 30 minutes a day, three times per week for four weeks. The timed up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS), and trunk impairment scale (TIS) were used for assessment. RESULTS: The scores of the TUG, BBS, dynamic sitting balance subscale, and coordination subscale of TIS improved significantly in both groups but the improvement was more pronounced in the STE group (p<.05). This study showed a large effect on the scores of the TIS coordination subscale (d=.93) (p<.05), TIS dynamic balance subscale (d=.81) (p<.05), TUG (d=.75) (p<.05), and BBS (d=.73) (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The combined STE and NDT program showed improvements in measures of mobility, balance, and trunk control in chronic stroke patients. These results suggest that STE should be considered to be included in the treatment program for patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.411-419
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• 2017

This study was to investigate whether a trunk correction taping plus scapular setting exercises has an effect on trunk muscle activation and trunk balance and upper extremity function in patients with stroke. Twenty stroke patients were randomly divided into a trunk correction taping with scapular setting exercise group (n=10) and a scapular setting exercise group (n=10), and each group performed given interventions for 30 minutes for 4 weeks. In the experimental group, there were significant increases in muscle activation, K-TIS, and MFT (p<.05), and a significant improvement was detected in K-TIS and MFT compared to the control group (p<.05). This study suggests that a trunk correction taping with scapular setting exercises was more effective on trunk muscle activation, trunk balance, and upper extremity function in stroke patients compared to a scapular setting exercise. It could be clinically more significant if the change in the onset time of muscle activity is confirmed in the further researches.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.645-650
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• 2015

Tester Interface Software (TIS) provides all software functions that are necessary for a testing device to perform the test process on a memory semiconductor package from the time the device is put into the test equipment until the device is discharged from the equipment. TIS should perform the same work over all types of equipment regardless of their tester models. However, TIS has been developed and managed independently of the tester models because there are various equipment and computer models that are used in the test process. Therefore, more maintenance, time and cost are required for development, which adversely affects the quality of the software, and the problem becomes more serious when the new tester model is introduced. In this paper, we propose the Cross-platform Tester Interface Software (CTIS) framework, which can be integrated and operated on heterogeneous equipment and OSs.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.168-199
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• 2012

Studies on innovation point towards the need for both in-house research and development (R&D) capabilities along with collaborations with external organisations or linkages with other firms, universities and research institutes. The argument is that innovation is not just a firm specific factor but requires support from several other factors which in turn involves developing linkages with various actors/institutions as sources of resources and/or knowledge for innovation. This paper presents findings from an exploratory study about the Malaysian biofuel sector as an innovation system. Instead of using the neo-classical approach and proposing policy interventions based on traditional market failure rationale (Bergek et al., 2008a), the functional analysis of the technological innovation systems (TIS) approach is used to analyse the biofuel sector in Malaysia to help reveal the strengths and weaknesses in terms of its fulfillment of seven critical functions which are necessary for the generation and commercialization of a product. In addition an attempt is made to reveal the inducement and blocking mechanisms affecting the Malaysian biofuel TIS and the seeking of improved poor functionality. These functional aspects of the Malaysian biofuel sector are analysed in different phases of its development to gain an understanding of the different institutions and their functions at different phases of the development of the innovation system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1996.02a
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• pp.102-102
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• 1996

This paper represents a new type low power High Frequency technological ion source (HF TIS) for ion - beam processing: the surface modification of materials, cleaning of surface, sputtering, coating of thin films, and polishing. The operational principle of HF TIS is based on the excitation of electrostatic waves in plasma located in the external magnetic field. Low power HF TIS with diameter 92 rom gives the opportunity to obtain beams of inert and chemically reactive gases with currents range from 5 to 150 mA (current density $0.015\;~\;3.5\;mA/\textrm{m}^2$) and ion beam energy 100 ~ 2500 eV at a HF power level 10 ~ 150 W. Three grid concave type ion optical system (IOS) is used for extraction and formation ofion beam.n beam.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pelvic movements-based training on trunk stability and balance during sitting in children with spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: Ten children with spastic cerebral palsy were matched to an intervention (n=5) or control group (n=5). The intervention consisted of two weeks of pelvic movements-based training, five times a week. All participants were evaluated before, during, and after pelvic movements-based training using a trunk impairment scale (TIS) for trunk stability and a modified functional reaching test for balance during sitting. The collected data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: 1) Significant increases in the TIS score (only dynamic balance) and forward reaching were observed in the experimental group, compared with the control group, after training (P<.05). 2) There were statistically significant time-factor increases within and between the subject' effects, in the TIS score (dynamic balance and total), dominant side, non-dominant side, and forward reaching (P<.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study showed that for children with spastic cerebral palsy, pelvic movements-based training improves trunk stability and balance during sitting. Further studies will be required to determine the long-term effects of pelvic movements-based training.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2000

It is important that effective and rapid response should be taken in the initial stage of the tanker accidents. A towing simulation system is essential to train in-site salvors for tile effective response in the tanker accidents. Training this system will help the marine environment to be protected from the oil pollution which could be proceed further by the secondary accidents. It this study, the towing simulation system using the TIS(Towing vessel Information System) was established, and ground reaction force was calculated using the simplified methods. This system will be useful for evaluation of towing procedures of oil tankers in stranding.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2028-2035
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• 2020

Background: Weakness of the trunk muscles decreases the trunk control ability of stroke patients, which is significantly related to balance and gait. Objectives: To compare the impact of diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface for trunk rehabilitation on trunk control, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: Nonequivalent control group design. Methods: Twenty four participants were randomized into the experimental group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on an unstable surface, n=12) and the control group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on a stable surface, n=12). All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks, and the trunk impairment scale (TIS), berg balance scale (BBS), functional gait assessment (FGA), and G-walk were measured. Results: All groups indicated significant increases in all variables (TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, speed, stride length) after four weeks. The TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, gait speed, and stride length group-by-time were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that, in stroke patients, diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface is a more effective method for improving trunk control, balance, and gait ability than diagonal pattern self-exercise on a stable surface.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-109
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• 2022

The study attempts to examine the system-building activities of scientific institutions in developing the Molecular Diagnostic (MDs) Innovation System in India. Scientific Institutions are the precursor of any technological development with their capabilities in generating new ideas. MDs are advanced and accurate diagnostic technology with considerable scope to serve the diagnostic needs and requirements of the healthcare system. We adopted a System framework and analyzed the development of MDs in terms of the Technological Innovation System (TIS) functions, and the systematic challenges are assessed through the System Failure Framework (SFF). Based on the secondary and primary survey of prominent science base actors, the study finds that the role of government is crucial for facilitating technological development within a science base through the mobilization of resources. In India, the MDs technological development gained significant momentum over the last decade with the development of specialized human resources and dedicated research institutes. However, we do find that the innovative capabilities in attaining need-based TIS are sub-optimal owning to the specific diagnostic needs of highly burdened diseases in the society. The system analysis reveals that the TIS functions are underperforming because of the absence of a well-defined funding mechanism and goal-oriented targeted policy regime of the government. Since MDs have a transformative effect on the present healthcare system, we argue that the government has to address the system-based challenges and issues for developing a need-based technological innovation system for MDs in the country.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.242-254
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• 2023

Although upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common diseases, there have been no studies of their relationship with the indices obtained from tongue image analyses. The purpose of this study was to identify a tongue index through an analysis of tongue images (TIs) showing significant changes before and after treatment in patients with URTIs. A computerized tongue image acquisition system was developed to acquire TIs from subjects in the same environment. An image was taken from each of 39 URTI patients and 39 healthy controls. For the patients, images were acquired before and after treatment to identify changes. The tongue area was classified into a tongue body and a tongue coating, and the coating ratio between the two areas, the average value of the colour of each area, and teeth marks were calculated. No significant difference was observed in age or sex between the URTI patients and control participants. Heart rates were slightly different. The analysis of TIs showed that the luminance of the tongue coating and the coating area ratio were decreased, while the reddish value of the tongue body at the centre area increased as the treatment progressed. Tongue coating and body in URTIs had different colour and shape from those in the normal. It is expected that this result will contribute not only to the objectification of traditional Chinese medicine but also to diagnostic methods that do not involve face-to-face physician visit during the pandemic.