• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.3091-3094
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• 2012

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1445-1456
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• 2003

The ASTER TIR (thermal infrared radiometer) sensor has 5 spectral bands over 8 to 12 ${\mu}$m region. Rock type classification using the ASTER TIR nighttime data was performed in the Erta Ale range of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Erta Ale range is the most important axial volcanic chain of the Afar region. The petrographic diversity of lava erupted in this area is very important, ranging from magnesian transitional basalt to rhyolites. We tried to classify the rock types based on the spectral behavior of each volcanic rock types in thermal infrared range and estimated SiO$_{2}$ content with emission data by the ASTER TIR.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 1999

The mitochondrial plasmid pMLP1 from a white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, is a double-stranded DNA containing 381 bp terminal inverted repeat (TIR) whose 5'-ends are covalently bound by terminal proteins. The plasmid contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), encoding putative DNA and RNA polymerases, and a minor ORF encoding a small, highly basic protein. To identify the DNA binding activity that recognizes the TIR region of pMLP1, gel retardation assays were performed with mitochondrial extracts. A specific protein binding to a region between 123 and 248 nt within TIR was observed. We examined whether the gene product of mORF1 bindes to this region specifically. E. coli cell extract which contains an overproduced mORF1 protein formed a complex specific to the region between 123 and 248 nt. Inclusion of mORF1 protein in the specific complex formed between P. ostreatus mitochondrial extract and TIR was confirmed by a supershift assay using polyclonal antibodies against the mORF1 protein. Our result suggest that the product of mORF1 may function as a terminal region recognition factor (TRF), recognizing an internal region in TIR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2015

This paper discusses the effectiveness of using Landsat 8 TIR (Thermal Infrared) band images to improve the accuracy of landuse/landcover classification of urban areas. According to classification results for the study area using diverse band combinations, the classification accuracy using an image fusion process in which the TIR band is added to the visible and near infrared band was improved by 4.0%, compared to that using a band combination that does not consider the TIR band. For urban area landuse/landcover classification in particular, the producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy values were improved by 10.2% and 3.8%, respectively. When MLC (Maximum Likelihood Classification), which is commonly applied to remote sensing images, was used, the TIR band images helped obtain a higher discriminant analysis in landuse/landcover classification.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.334-338
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• 2009

Recently, with increasing demand for flat-panel display product, methods for large area patterning are required. TIR (total internal reflection) holographic photo-lithography isstudied as one of the methods of large area lithography. In conventional TIR holography, light sources for hologram recording and image reconstruction are coherent beams such as laser beams. If the image is reconstructed with an incoherent light source such a UV lamp, the image noise from the coherence of light will be reduced and the UV lamp will be a better light source for large area exposure. We analyzed the effect of spectral bandwidth and angular bandwidth of the light source in image reconstruction and verified image blurring with experiments. For large area patterning which has micro-scale line width, it is expected that TIR holographic photo lithography by UV lamp will become a low-noise and low-priced technique.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

A useful radiance-converting method was developed to convert the Landsat-7 ETM+thermal-infrared (TIR) band's radiance ($L_{{\lambda},L7/ETM+}$) to that of Landsat-5 TM TIR ($L_{{\lambda},L5/TM+})$ as: $L_{{\lambda},L5/TM}=0.9699{\times}L_{{\lambda},L7/ETM+}+0.1074\;(R^2=1)$. In addition, based on the radiance-converting equation and the linear relation between digital number (DN) and at-satellite radiance, a DN-converting equation can be established to convert DN value of the TIR band between Landsat-5 and Landsat-7. Via this method, it is easy to integrate Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 TIR data to retrieve the sea surface temperature (SST) in coastal waters on the basis of local empirical algorithms in which the radiance or DN of Lansat-5 and 7 TIR band is usually the only input independent variable. The method was employed in a local empirical algorithm in Daya Bay, China, to detect the thermal pollution of cooling water discharge from the Daya Bay nuclear power station (DNPS). This work demonstrates that radiance conversion is an effective approach to integration of Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 data in the process of a SST retrieval which is based on local empirical algorithms.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.614-622
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel differential equation method for designing a total internal reflection (TIR) LED lens with double freeform surfaces. A complete set of simultaneous differential equations for the method is derived from the condition for minimizing the Fresnel loss, illumination models, Snell’s Law of ray propagation, and a new constraint on the incident angle of a ray on the light-exiting surface of the lens. The last constraint is essential to complete the set of simultaneous differential equations. By adopting the TIR structure and applying the condition for minimizing the Fresnel loss, it is expected that the proposed TIR LED lens can have a high luminous flux efficiency, even though its beam-spread angle is narrow. To validate the proposed method, three TIR LED lenses with beam-spread angles of less than 22.6° have been designed, and their performances evaluated by ray tracing. Their luminous flux efficiencies could be obviously increased by at least 35% and 5%, compared to conventional LED lenses with a single freeform surface and with double freeform surfaces, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.433-436
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• 2018

A total internal reflection (TIR) linear lens of size $190(W){\times}5(D){\times}2.1(H)mm^3$ has a directivity of $25^{\circ}$ and was made of a polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) silicone resin with a refractive index of 1.4 and a transmittance of 93% at 365 nm UV wavelength. A light source with a size of $190{\times}25.5mm^2$ was fabricated by installing a TIR linear lens on a chip on board (COB) type LED module mounted with a $1.1{\times}1.1mm^2$ size UV LED. The optical characteristics of the light source showed a maximum irradiation density of $3,840mW/cm^2$ at a working distance of 5 mm and a high uniformity of 91.6% over a $150{\times}25mm^2$ irradiation area. The thermal characteristics of the light source were measured at a supply current of 500 mA. The saturation temperature was reached after 30 min of operation, and measured to be $95^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 1995

내부 전반사 홀로그램을 이용하여 마스크의 미세 패턴을 기록, 재생 결상하였다. 직각 프리즘과 쐐기 살 다발 가르개, 반사경을 이용하여 광학계를 구성하였으며 TIR 홀로그램의 특성을 조사하였다. 본 실험에서는 5mW의 출력과 633nm의 파장을 가진 He-Ne 레이저를 이용하여 Agfa 8E75 홀로그램 건판에 TIR 홀로그램을 기록하고 기준파의 복소 공액파인 재생파로써 홀로그램을 재생하였다. 홀로그램 건판과 마스크와의 간격을 $200\mu$m로 유지했을 때 약 $3\mu$m의 분해능을 가진 재생상을 얻었으며 $70\mu$W의 기록 광으로써 홀로그램을 기록하여 0.45%의 에돌이 효율을 얻었다. 본 실험을 통하여 렌즈를 쓰지 않는 TIR 홀로그래피의 평판 표시 소자 리소그라피 기술에 응용 가능성을 알아 보았다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.232-235
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• 2013

Objective : Major complaints of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are sensory components. However, motor deficit also impedes functional status of hand. Contrary to evaluation of sensory function, the objective, quantitative evaluation of median nerve motor function is not easy. The motor function of median was evaluated quantitatively using load cell and its correlation with findings of electrodiagnostic study (EDS) was evaluated. Methods : Objective motor function of median nerve was evaluated by load cell and personal computer-based measurement system. All of the measurement was done in patients diagnosed as having idiopathic CTS by clinical features and EDS findings. The strength of thumb abduction and index finger flexion was measured in each hand three times, and the average value was used to calculate thumb index ratio (TIR). The correlation of TIR with clinical, EDS, and ultrasonographic findings were evaluated. Results : The TIR was evaluated in 67 patients (119 hands). There were 14 males and 53 females, mean age were 57.6 years (range 28 to 81). The higher preoperative nerve conductive studies grade of the patients, the lower TIR was observed [p<0.001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. TIR of cases with thenar atrophy were significantly lower than those without (p<0.001, t-test). TIR were significantly lower in patients with severe median nerve swelling in ultrasonography (p=0.042, ANOVA). Conclusion : Measurements of median nerve motor function using load cell is a valuable evaluation tool in CTS. It might be helpful in detecting subclinical motor dysfunction before muscle atrophy develops.