• 제목/요약/키워드: TIM-3

검색결과 122건 처리시간 0.02초

임상 간호사의 교대근무 기간이 circadian rhythm 변화에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Shift Interval for the Clinical Nurse on the Circadian Rhythm)

  • 황애란;정현숙;임영신;이혜원;김조자
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.129-149
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    • 1991
  • Circadian rhythm is entrained in the 24-hour time interval by periodic factors in the environment, known as zeitgeber. But most rotating work schedules are outside the range of the entrainment of the pacemaker timing the human circadian sleep - wake cycle. It has been postulated that physiological and emotional disturbances occur in most human functions when the circadian rhythm is disturbed. So application of circadian principles to the design of shift schedules can aid in maintaining the temporal integrity of the circadian system and thereby minimize for the shift worker any detrimental consequences of circadian disruption. This study was a quasi-experimental study to test the effect of shift intervals for the clinical nurse on the circadian rhythm. Twenty nurses newly employed in general units of two hospitals were selected as an experimental group and twelve college nursing students as a control group. Both groups were selected according to an established criteria using a purposive sampling technique. Ten subjects were assigned to a weekly shift group and another ten to a biweekly shift group engaged in a semi -continuous shift schedule(sunday off) with a backward direction, that is, morning -evening - night shift. The control group worked a morning shift for 42 days. Oral temperature rhythm, waking tim, sleep - wake cycle, fatigue, and mental performance were measured during the experimental period. The data collection period was from April 30, 1990 to June 10, 1990. MANOVA, paired t-test, ANOVA, and Student Newman Keuls method were used for statistical analysis. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Phase delay in the acrophase of temperature rhythm was shown according to the backward rotating shift. A complete adaptation to work on the night shift was achieved between the sixth and ninth day of the night shift. 2. There was no difference in either waking time or sleep- wake cycle according to the duration of the working day for every shift group. Significant difference was found in the waking time and the sleep -wake cycle for subjects on the morning, evening, and night shift in both of the shift groups(weekly shift group : λ=0.121, p<0.01, λ=0.112, p<0.01, biweekly shift group : λ=0.116, p<0.01, λ=0.084, p<0.01). 3. There was no difference in fatigue between the first working day and the last working day for the control group and for the biweekly shift group. In the weekly shift group, physical fatigue was significantly different for the first day and the sixth day of the night shift(t=-2.28, p<0.05). Physical fatigue and total fatigue on the first day of the night shift showed a significant difference among the control group, the weekly shift group, and the biweekly shift group(F=5.79, p<0.01, F=4.56, p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the shift groups and the control group(p<0.05), Physical fatigue, neurosensory fatigue and total fatigue on the last day of the night shift showed a significant difference among the control group, the weekly shift group, and the biweekly shift group(F=12.65, p<0.01, F=7.77, p<0.01, F=9.68, p<0.01). There was a significant difference between the shift groups and the control group(p<0.05). 4. No difference in mental performance was seen between the first day and the last day of work in each case. An arithmatic test on the first day of the night shift revealed a significant difference among the control group, the weekly shift group, and the biweekly shift group(F=3.79, p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the shift groups and the control group(p<0.05) . The digital symbol substitution test and the arithmetic test on the last day of the night shift showed a significant difference among the control group, the weekly shift group, and the biweekly shift group(F=3.68, p<0.05, F=5.55, p<0.01), and both showed a significant difference between the shift groups and the control group(p<0.05). Accordingly, this study showed that during night duty, the waking time, sleep- wake cycle, and fatigue increased and mental performance decreased compared with morning and evening duty. It was also found that the weekly shift group had a higher fatigue score on the sixth day of night duty as compared to the -first day, but the waking time, sleep- wake cycle, and mental performance revealed no difference for the duration of the night duty or between shift groups, and complete adaptation of temperature rhythm was achieved between the sixth and ninth day of night duty. It is possible to conclude from these results that for intermediate circadian type in a healthy young woman, a biweekly shift system is more compatible with the circadian timing system than weekly shift system.

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태양(太陽) 열(熱 )집열기(集熱機)를 이용(利用)한 벼의 건조(乾燥)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Drying of Rough Rice by Solar Collectors)

  • 장규섭;김만수;김동만
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.264-272
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    • 1979
  • 곡물(穀物)의 천일(天日) 건조(乾燥)와 연료(燃料)를 열원(熱源)으로 하는 열풍(熱風) 건조(乾燥)의 문제점(問題點)을 보완(補完)하기 위(爲)한 시도(試圖)로서 구조(構造)가 간단(簡單)하고 제작비(製作費)가 저렴(低廉)한 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)와 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)를 설계(設計) 제작(製作)하여 활용(活用)에 필요(必要)한 기초적(基礎的)인 것을 연구(硏究) 검토(檢討) 하였으며, 실제(實際) 곡물(穀物)을 grain bin에 넣고 집열기(集熱機)를 부착(附着)하였을 때 건조(乾燥) 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 1978년도(年度) 대전(大田) 지방(地方)의 일조(日照) 시수(時數)에 의(依)한 수평면(水平面) 일사량(日射量)은 5월(月)이 $16,814\;KJ/m^2{\cdot}day$로 가장 높았고 12월(月) $4,254\;KJ/m^2{\cdot}day$로 가장 낮았으며 기록치(記錄値)와 계산치(計算値)에 의(依)한 유의성(有意性)은 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 곡물(穀物) 건조(乾燥) 기간(期間)(10월(月) 21일(日)${\sim}$28일(日))동안 오전(午前) 오후(午後) 두차례에 걸쳐 집열기(集熱機)의 효율(效率)을 산출(算出) 하였던 바, 일사량(日射量)이 클수록 효율(效率)도 높았으며 11${\sim}$12시(時)사이의 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 평균(平均) 효율(效率)은 28.12 로서 튜브형(型)의 16.75 보다 11.37 %가 높았다. 3. 건조(乾燥) 기간중(期間中) 12시(時)를 기준(基準)으로 한 grain bin 입구(入口)의 온도(溫度)는 대비구(對比區)가 20.02, 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)에 연결(連結)된 grain bin이 40.5, 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin이 $55.1^{\circ}C$로서 큰 차이(差異)를 나타냈으며 grain bin내(內) 곡물(穀物) 추적(推積) 두께에 따른 온도(溫度) 변화(變化)에서 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)와 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin은 곡물층(穀物層)이 두꺼울 수록 낮았으나 대비구(對比區)는 별차이(別差異)가 없었다. 4. 초기(初期) 수분(水分) 함량(含量)이 27.4%인 곡물(穀物)을 17.0%(생체중(生體中) 14.5%)까지 떨어 뜨리는데 25 cm 곡물(穀物) 두께에서 대비구(對比區)가 32, 튜브형(型)의 grain bin이 18, 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin이 11시간(時間)이 걸렸으며, 곡물(穀物) 추적(推積) 두께는 건조(乾燥) 속도(速度)에 커다란 영향(影響)을 미쳤고, 건조(乾燥) 특성(特性)은 초기(初期) 감률(減率) 건조기(乾燥期)를 걸쳐 항률(恒率) 건조기(乾燥期)로 되었다.

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