• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.771-778
• /
• 2006

Previous studies have suggested that delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) phenotype differently affect mineral metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 6-month iron supplementation as syrup of NaFeEDTA in improvement of iron status according to ALAD genotype. One hundred thirty adult women living in rural areas of Asan were provided NaFeEDTA syrup once a week for 6 months at the dose of 64mg Fe/week. Three hundred control subjects were observed during the study period. Fasting blood was obtained for analyzing hemoglobin (Hb) and zinc protophorphyrin (ZPP) and serum was analyzed for ferritin, iron and total iron capacity (TIBC) levels before and after iron supplementation. Ninety percent of ALAD 1-1 (ALAD1) and 10% of ALAD 1-2 (ALAD2) genotype were observed in the control group. However in the intervention group, 98% showed ALAD1 while only 2% was ALAD2, which is significantly lower proportions of ALAD2 compared to the control group (p<0.01). The iron status of Intervention group significantly improved except for ferritin and TIBC regardless or ALAD genotype, while the control group did not show any changes in iron status except for ZPP. ZPP concentration of the control group significantly increased in both ALAD1 and 2 while the intervention group showed significantly decreased ZPP after supplementation in ALAD1. Iron supplementation in the form of NaFeEDTA seems to be effective in reduction of ZPP levels although ALAD2 did not show significant changes due to the small number. However, it is difficult to make a conclusion from these results, and more specified further investigation is needed with more participants.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of higher than normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and lower than normal mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in 20 patients. The hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC,), red cell distribution width (RDW), serum ferritin, serum iron (Fe) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were measured and the transferrin saturation were calculated. 18 (90.0%) cases were categorized as chronic diseases. Chronic renal failure, malignancy, and bleeding were all related to the cases. The mean values of hemoglobin was $9.5{\pm}2.14g/dL$; the MCV was $29.0{\pm}2.8fL$; the MCH was $30.9{\pm}1.0pg$; the MCHC was $31.2{\pm}0.5%$; the RDW was $17.0{\pm}3.6%$; serum Fe was $39{\pm}21{\mu}g/dL$; the TIBC was $219.7{\pm}108.8{\mu}g/dL$; transferrin saturation was $19.2{\pm}9.9%$ and ferritin was $445.5{\pm}499.6{\mu}g/L$ in the patients. The WHO criteria for hemoglobin of patients confirms anemia in 18 of the 20 (90.0%) cases. Anemia of chronic disease was shown in 11 (73.3%) cases; acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage in 1 (6.7%) case; iron deficiency anemia in 1 (6.7%) case; 2 patients (13.3%) were of normal cases. There were changes in the baseline Hb level results of the 19 (95.0%) cases while no change was shown in 1 case. As a result, diseases associated with anemia and bleeding where the MCV is higher than the normal range and MCHC is lower than normal range are considered relevant findings.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.64 no.4
• /
• pp.707-716
• /
• 2022

The core intention to undertake this experiment for a period of 21 days is to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) supplemented diet on the performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters. Sows weighing 208.5 ± 18.34kg and their neonates were used. From day 114 of gestation to 21st day of lactation(weaning), ten multiparous sows (n = 5/treatment) (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned randomly into one of two treatments: CON (basal diet) and TRT (CON + 0.05% SA). There was no significant difference in the body weight, backfat thickness, backfat loss, and body condition score in SA treated sows compared to sows fed the CON diet. However, the bodyweight of sow was dramatically reduced by an average of 16kg from farrowing to weaning time. The dietary inclusion of SA in the sow diet slightly improved the survival rate (p = 0.065) and showed a higher body weight (p = 0.009) in piglets. However, there was no significant difference in red blood cell, Fe, Hematocrit, and Hb concentrations between CON and TRT sows' groups, but the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly reduced in sows from the TRT group compared with the CON group from the beginning to weaning. The outcome of this trial shows that dietary addition of SA on sows diet from early lactation could increase the birth weight and TIBC of neonates at the end of the trial.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.1579-1584
• /
• 2008

Anemia are often detected among many patients who are treated in oriental traditional medicine hospitals in Korea through blood tests which are taken to diagnose the patients' general state, and most of them are diagnosed to have iron deficiency anemia. This study amis the effect of herbal medicine on the RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrits and indices of red blood cells such as mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), serum iron, and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) among patients who were treated in oriental medical hospital and diagnosed to have anemia through blood tests other than main symptoms. The subjects of this study were 29 patients(male 7, female 22, mean age: 56.24${\pm}$19.11years) who were chosen ones, they has below hemoglobin 12 gm/dL, serum iron 70 IU/L, MCV 80 fL on laboratory screening test when they first visits our hospital. As a result, the volume of red blood cell(RBC), hematocrit(HCT), and hemoglobin(Hb) in peripheral blood increased from $348.27{\pm}8.95{\times}10^5$ /UL, 28.82${\pm}$0.56%, 9.24${\pm}$0.22 g/dL to $375.62{\pm}9.11{\times}10^5$ /UL, 31.36${\pm}$0.68%, 10.31${\pm}$0.25 g/dL comparing before and after oriental medicine treatment. After the treatment, MCH, MCHC, and MCV also increased from 26.98${\pm}$0.84 Pg, 32.62${\pm}$0.45 g/dl, 79.26${\pm}$0.17 fL to 27.74${\pm}$0.74 Pg, 32.84${\pm}$0.33 g/dl, 84.15${\pm}$1.67 fL. There was statistically significant increase in MCH, MCV(P<0.05); however, there was no significant change in MCHC(P>0.05). The amount of iron in blood increased from 32.96${\pm}$4.20 ug/dL to 67.22${\pm}$7.18 ug/dL, which showed a statistically significant increase(P<0.05). On the other hand, TIBC decreased from 325.08${\pm}$13.97 ug/dL to 315.61${\pm}$18.79 ug/dL, which was not a statistically significant change(P>0.05). Like this, all the patients showed favorable results in anemia based on the measurements of indices of red blood cells except MCHC. According to the classification of herbal medicines, in strengthening energy group(補氣), replenishing blood group(補血), and replenishing both energy and blood group(補氣血), the volume of RBC, HCT, and hemoglobin showed significant increases. Furthermore, in herbal medicines strengthening blood(補血) and replenishing both energy and blood group(補氣血), serum iron also relatively increased compare to strengthening energy group(補氣).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.169-178
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of early low-dose iron supplementation in term breast-fed infants. Methods: Eighty-seven healthy term infants were divided into 3 groups: A, formula-fed; B, breast-fed only; S, breast-fed with iron supplementation (5 mg/day from 2 months of age). We measured ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation rate (TFSAT), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and red cell distribution width (RDW) at birth, 6 months of age, and 12 months of age. Results: 1) At 6 months of age, ferritin, iron, TFSAT, and Hb in Group B were the lowest among the 3 groups, whereas TIBC and RDW were the highest. The incidences of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Group B were 33% and 30%, respectively, significantly higher than those seen in Groups A (5% and 8%, respectively) and S (7% and 5%, respectively). 2) At 12 months of age, ferritin, TFSAT, Hb, MCV, and MCH in Group B were the lowest among the 3 groups, whereas TIBC and RDW were the highest. Iron and Hct did not differ among the 3 groups. The incidences of ID and IDA in Group B were 64% and 50%, respectively, again significantly higher than those seen in Groups A (4% and 3%, respectively) and S (9% and 7%, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalences of ID and IDA were higher in breast-fed infants than in formula-fed infants, even at 6 months of age. Early and low-dose iron supplementation in breast-fed infants improved iron status and lowered the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in early infancy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences of risk factors of Metabolic syndrome according to menopausal status. From the database of the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) conducted in 2012, data of 3,537 women who responded to health interview and health examination questionnaires. The presence of Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was 17.3% in premenopause and 54.3% in postmenopause. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and Ferritin were higher in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. However, postmenopausal women had lower HDL cholesterol and TIBC when compared to premenopausal women. Hypertension was the most prominent characteristic of postmenopausal women. Low HDL cholesterol showed up as a meaningful factor in premenopausal women. According to multiple regression analysis, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of menopause. Therefore, obesity control and blood lipids management is recommended for postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.1165-1173
• /
• 1998

The effect of oral iron supplementation was assessed on blood iron levels and Pb and Cd levels in erythrocytes, hair and urine of 101 Puchon 5th grade school children with suboptimal iron status. Treatment with 25mg of elemental iron per day for 8weeks resulted in a significant increase in the intake of most nutrients in addition to iron. Iron supplementation resulted in significant improvements in hemoglobin, MU, MCH, MCHC, serum ferritin, serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation of subjects(p<0.05 - p<0.01) and cocomitantly lowered Pb and Cd levels in erythrocytes, hair, and urine(p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that only iron intake contributed to significant increases in hemoglobin and serum ferritin. It seems that 25mg of iron supplementation is safe and adequate to improve iron status in school children with suboptimal iron status and it also has the benefit of alleviating Pb and Cd status. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1165-1173, 1998)

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2023

A total of 16 sows (average parity = 3.5 ± 0.10, standard deviation = 2.05) and their newborn pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], initial body weight 1.53 ± 0.07 kg) were used in a 21-day study. On day 3 of age, piglets along with their dam were divided into two groups: CON and TRT. CON group piglets did not receive any iron injection while, TRT group piglets received 200 mg of injectable iron (GleptoForte) in a single dose. The administration of iron at day-3 of birth improved weaning body weight and overall average daily gain in sucking piglets compared with their control counterparts. For blood criteria, injection of 200 mg of iron improved serum iron values and hematocrit and decreased total iron binding capacity (TIBC) during the day 21 period. In summary, 200 mg iron injection at birth resulted in greater growth performance and blood iron status. These results indicate that providing 200 mg of injectable iron is sufficient to optimize the growth performance and blood iron status of suckling piglets.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of of intravenous iron sucrose ($Venoferrum^{(R)}$) for treating the perioperative anemic gastrectomy patients. Materials and Methods: From September 2006 to February 2007 at Seoul National University Hospital, the gastrectomy patients who displayed perioperative anemia (7.0 g/dl $\leq$ hemoglobin levels (Hb) < 11.0 g/dl) and who were admitted or visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of surgery, were divided into two groups. The preoperative (${\leq}\;2{\sim}3$ weeks before gastrectomy) or postoperative ($\geq$ 1 month after gastrectomy) patients without evidence of acute bleeding were included into Group 1. The immediate postoperative (< 1 month after gastrectomy) patients with stable vital signs were included into Group 2. The age, gender, diagnosis, Hb, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin (SF), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum iron and reticulocyte counts (RC) were evaluated before and after intravenous iron sucrose administration. The adverse effects of drugs were investigated. Results: The number of patients of group 1 and group 2 was 79 and 46, respectively. In group 1, there was a statistically significant difference in the Hb, Hct, MCV, SF, RC and TIBC with each mean change of 1.3 g/dl, 4.1%, 3.1ft, 195 ng/ml, 0.2% and -86.4 ug/dl, respectively. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the Hb, Hct, MCV, SF and RC with each mean change of 1.8 g/dl, 6.1%, 3.4fl, 260 ng/ml and 0.3%, respectively. Two patients (1.6%) suffered local thrombophlebitis as an adverse effect. Conclusion: Intravenous iron sucrose for the perioperative anemia of gastrectomy patients was efficacious in the short period without significant adverse effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 1974

A general survey of 82 perschool children and 473 school children (from 1st to 3rd grade) residing in the Dongnae area of Shindong Myun, choonseoung Gun, Kangwon Province was conducted from June 12 to 21, 1973, to obtain information concerning nutritional status, especially the protein and iron nutrition of preschool and school children in a rural area of Korea. A sample of 58 children 2 to 9 years old was selected from these 555 children for hematological, biochemical and parasitological tests. The results of these tests are presented below, 1) Both the mean body height and mean body weight of these children were higher and heavier than the averages in the Korean Physical Standards. About 39 per cent were above the 90 th percentile of the Korean Physical Standards of height and 35 per cent were above the 90th percentile of the Korean Physical Standards of weight. 2) The rate of infestation by helminthes was 67.6 per cent and there were no cases of hookworm infestation Among the ascaris-infected children, 61.6 per cent fell within an Ascaris E.P.G. count range of $501{\sim}2,000$. This was considered a rather mild intensify of ascaris infection. Nutrient loss due to helminthes was also estimated to be low. 3) The mean hemoglobin level was 11.3gm% $({\pm}0.94)$, and 68.4 per cent of the children were anemic (less than 11gm% among those 5 years old or less, less than l2gm% among those 6 years old or more). The average hematocrit value was 36.1% $({\pm}2.36)$, and only 3.5 per cent showed more than 34% on the M.C.H.C. test. These results showed that the incidence of anemia, in these rural children was high, and that in general it displayed hypochromic characteristics. 4) The average serum iron level was $78.2{\mu}g%$\;({\pm}29.8). The Proportion of the children showing less than $50{\mu}g% in the serum iron level was 5.6 per cent, while 41.8 percent revealed $450{\mu}g% or more in the TIBC determination. Transferrin saturation was below 15% in 71.4 percent of the preschool children, and in 28.6 percent of the school children. Those who had a serum iron level of $50{\mu}g% or less and a TIBC of more than $450{\mu}g% constituted 11.9 percent of the children examined. From these results, it was concluded that especially preschool children were low in iron nutrition, and that most of the anemia might be iron-deficiency anemia. 5) The mean values of total serum protein and albumin were 6.98gm% and 4.99gm% respectively. Especially in serum albumin, all children stowed more than 4 gm%. 6) The mean urinary urea nitrogen Per creatinine ratio was 11.5 $({\pm}4.2)$, and 21.8 percent had a ratio of more than 15. Considering these results, it was suggested that protein nutrition in these children was relatively good.