• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 1997

The purpose of this research seeks to analyze the spatial variations in the sex age structure which have been shown to exist within the study atrea, the Kyonggi province in Korea. In this study it is desired to use the Age Structure Index developed by Coulson in order to describe thi sex age structure of each of 186 tracts that comprise the tracted portion of the Kyonggi province. The mechanics of computing the Age Structure Index are found in the equation describing a linear least squares trend line: y=a+bx. For each census tract, the percentage of the population in each age group(y) was plotted against the middle age of each age group(x). The a is a constant representing the value of y, when x equals zero. The b is the regression coefficient and is a measure of the angle of the slope of the least squares trend line. Thus the value of b is the Age Structure Index for each census tract. The major results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: The spatial distributions of sex age structures in the Kyonggi province are far from random. They have exhibited great regularity with the yonger sex age structures near Seoul and a sharp decline to the older sex age structures out in all derections towards rural region. The results of this investigation should have important general significance for the study of the Kyonggi province Age Structure Index is a flexible, operational definition shich allows sex age structure to be measured, mapped, and incorporated in a wide variety of methods of statistical analysis. Futurer, it has been demonstrated that sex age structure varies spatially within Seoul metropolitan finge and that this variation is relagfed to many other attributes of the population. Especially, Age Structure Index is strongly related to the variables-rate of population growth rate. density, rate of numbers of manufacturing, land price. At the same time, considerably more research is needed before a genmeral body of knowlege concerning sex age structure can be developed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.33-44
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• 2020

The main objective of this study is to measure the concentration and deconcentration of the domestic freight forwarding system which illustrate the development trends in this industry. In this study, Herfindal-Hirschman index (HHI), shift-share analysis (SSA), and GINI coefficient combined with Lorenz curves were employed to investigate the domestic freight forwarders. The results are as follows: first, the HHI was used to assess the concentration of domestic freight forwarders in Vietnam. The downward trend from 0.117 in 2008 to 0.083 in 2018 indicate the deconcentration of domestic freight forwarders in Vietnam. Second, the SSA results indicated that the company Transimex showed the best performance with a shift effect of million VND 1,906,515 and a ABSGR value of million VND 2,158,232. Third, the GINI index go down from 0.468 to 0.393 in 2008-2018 as follow and the Lorenz curves covered a large part which make more demonstrate the deconcentration trend of freight forwarding in Vietnam. The results show that deconcentration is a trend in 2008-2018. The results of this study provides relevant data on freight forwarders which are not easily accessible to related stakeholders.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2018

The shortage of research in Vietnam port evolvement is uncontroversial although a huge amount of investment is observed to upgrade both quantity and quality. This study examines the port system performance, in the context of spatially concentration ratio, in Southern Vietnam for the period 2007-2016, by using prevailing indicators for spatially concentration assessment including concentration ratios (CR), the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), the Gini coefficient, the Lorenz curve and shift-share analysis (SSA), a trend of deconcentration is described in Southern Vietnam port system, since the traditional ports to new deep-water ports. Also, driving forces of this shifting would be discussed in detail. Implications from this study would enable not only port administrators, port operators but also shipping lines, cargo owners, logistics service providers to comprehensively understand the growth of the port system in Southern Vietnam.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2019

The materials of artificial soils in the production process of container seedlings have a great influence on plant growth. Peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite have been used as major components of artificial soils for many years; however, they could decrease carbon fixation carried out by the soil and cause environmental problems such as a change in the water quality. Thus, environmental friendly materials to replace them must be developed. The purpose of this study was to verify the optimum additive materials of artificial soils and their mixed ratios for the growth and seedling quality index (SQI) of Quercus serrata. Rice husk, mushroom sawdust, and pine bark were each used as an additive material and mixed into the growth medium at 10% and 20% of the total volume. There was no significant difference in the height growth of Q. serrata. The 20% mushroom sawdust decreased the root collar diameter by 23.4% compared to the control. The total dry weight was highest with the 10% rice husk and was significantly lower by 10.3% for the 20% mushroom sawdust compared to the control. Additionally, the SQI for all the treatments showed no tendency to increase compared with the control. Thus, this study showed the possibility of recycling biomaterials from agriculture and forest for seedling production. This method could reduce environmental problems and help eco-friendly nurseries to achieve a carbon negative impact by the recycling of by-products.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1034-1040
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate inequalities in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates in Korea and trends therein using the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) across income and education groups. Materials and Methods: Data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, an annually conducted, nationwide cross-sectional survey, were utilized. A total of 17174 men and women aged 50 to 74 years were included for analysis. Prior experience with CRC screening was defined as having either a fecal occult blood test within the past year or a lifetime colonoscopy. CRC screening rates and annual percentage changes (APCs) were evaluated. Then, SII and RII were calculated to assess inequality in CRC screening for each survey year. Results: CRC screening rates increased from 23.4% in 2005 to 50.9% in 2015 (APC, 7.8%; 95% CI, 6.0 to 9.6). Upward trends in CRC screening rates were observed for all age, education, and household income groups. Education inequalities were noted in 2009, 2014, and overall pooled estimates in both indices. Income inequalities were inconsistent among survey years, and overall estimates did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Education inequalities in CRC screening among men and women aged 50 to 74 years were observed in Korea. No apparent pattern, however, was found for income inequalities. Further studies are needed to thoroughly outline socio-economic inequalities in CRC screening.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.247-267
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• 2022

Since the Korea-Vietnam FTA was signed in 2015, trade between the two countries has increased rapidly, accounting for 6.8% of Vietnam's exports and 17.9% of its imports in 2020. The two countries show differences in import and export items. Vietnam has a high export ratio of agri-food products or products with the low-middle level of technology, while Korea has a high export ratio of products with the upper-middle level. The purpose of this study is to present implications by analyzing changes in trade competitiveness between Vietnam and Korea by technology level (2002-2020). For this purpose, statistics from UN Comtrade were used, and methodologies such as market share, Export Market Share (EMS), Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Intra-Industrial Trade Index (IIT), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and BCG Matrix were used. The results of the study are as follows. First, when looking at Vietnam's trade structure with South Korea by technology level, it was analyzed that the trade deficit widened as it showed a competitive disadvantage in high-tech, ICT, middle- and low-level technology items, excluding low-end technology items. Second, in terms of market share, the market share of Vietnamese products in the Korean market is continuously increasing, while the Korean market share in Vietnam is gradually decreasing from 2017. Third, Vietnam's export competitiveness to Korea by technology level shows that low-level technologies are competitive, but they are inferior in competitiveness in all other technology level, and especially in areas with high technology level, the level of inferiority is high. In conclusion, the trade relationship between Vietnam and Korea has maintained a mutually complementary rather than competitive relationship, which is expected to continue in the future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.95-107
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• 2020

The study investigates the asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. We use the nonlinear autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) analysis for monthly data from 2001:01 to 2018:05, based on VN-Index stock price collected from Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE); the nominal exchange rate is separated into currency depreciation and appreciation through a partial sum decomposition process. Asymmetry is estimated both in the long-run relationship and the short-run error correction mechanism. The research results show that the effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices is asymmetrical, both in the short run and in long run. Accordingly, the stock prices react to different levels to depreciation and appreciation. However, the currency appreciation affects a stronger transmission of stock prices when compared to the long-run currency depreciation. In the absence of asymmetry, the exchange rate only has a short-run impact on stock prices. This implies a symmetrical assumption that underestimates the impact of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. This study points to an important implication for regulators in Vietnam. They should consider the relationship between exchange rate changes and stock prices in both the long run and the short run to manage the stock and foreign exchange market.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2014

Environmental heat stress by global warming has a severe effect on the productivity of livestock and, in particular, on that of dairy cattle. Heat stress during high temperature environment directly and indirectly affects milk yield, milk quality and physiological response. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on productivity and physiological responses of livestock. Temperature-humidity data logger were established inside the feedlot for measuring real time changes in the feedlot environment. Milk was collected every day for analysing the productivity of dairy cattle. Blood sample and respiration of dairy cattle were collected once in a week for investigating the physiological response factors. Blood component concentration associated with lipolysis metabolism and milk production showed change during tropical night period. Temperature humidity index (THI) of a specific location inside the feedlot showed continuously high levels.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2019

This study analyses the relationship between the real estate market and economic growth in Vietnam, a country with a fledgling real estate market. Research data included economic growth rate and growth rate of the real estate market in Vietnam. The research used quarterly data for the period from 2005: Q1 to 2018: Q1. With the characteristics of Vietnam, there has been no real estate index up to now; therefore, the research used data on growth rates of the real estate market. In addition, the real estate market in Vietnam is still young, so the data series is very short, which is a limitation of this research. With qualitative and quantitative methods especially with the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model; the results of the study indicate new findings, unlike previous studies, including: (1) The real estate market positively impacts Vietnam's economic growth, most noticeably in the second quarter lag and the fourth quarter lag, and then its trend impacts inversely; (2) The real estate market and economic growth in Vietnam have fluctuated over time with many risks that are affected by the past shocks of these factors. From these findings, we proposed some managerial implications for managing the real estate market with economic growth in Vietnam sustainably.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.465-471
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• 2021

The study investigates the dynamic correlation of cryptocurrencies and equity in Vietnam and tests the safe-haven property of them from the perspective of the stock market in Vietnam during the pandemic crisis by applying the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) GARCH model and regression with a dummy variable, respectively. This study employs time series data on the daily dataset from September 2014 to September 2021 with the focus on the two most popular cryptocurrencies - Bitcoin and Litecoin. The results show that the dynamic conditional correlations between cryptocurrencies and equity in Vietnam increased during the pandemic, however, in most periods, positive dynamic correlations often dominate. Besides, the regression results also indicate that Bitcoin and Litecoin act as weak safe-haven investments for stocks in Vietnam during the COVID-19 turmoil. They are more suitable for diversification purposes although the dynamic correlations between them and the stock index in Vietnam vary stronger during the pandemic crisis than before. The findings of this study suggest that in the period of pandemic crisis, cryptocurrencies are not concerned as effective safe-haven assets for stock in Vietnam. Instead, cryptocurrencies are only playing a potential role in diversification benefit in this economy.