• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2012

Thyroglobulin (TG) gene was known to be regulated fat cell growth and differentiation and the endothelial differentiation sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (EDG1) gene involves blood vessel formation and known to be affecting carcass traits in beef cattle. The aim of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in both TG and EDG1 genes and to analyze the association with carcass traits in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). The T354C SNP in TG gene located at the 3' flanking region and c.-312A>G SNP located at 3'-UTR of EDG1 gene were used for genotyping the animals using PCR-RFLP method. Three genotypes were identified in T354C SNP in TG gene and only two AA and AG genotypes were observed for the c.-312A>G SNP in EDG1 gene. The results indicated that T354C SNP in TG gene was not significantly associated with carcass traits. However, the c.-312A>G SNP in EDG1 gene had significant effects on backfat thickness (BF) and yield index (YI). These results may provide valuable information for further candidate gene studies affecting carcass traits in Korean cattle and may use as marker assisted selection for improving the quality of meat in Hanwoo.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.209-212
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• 1986

$\alpha$-Amylase gene of Bacillus amyloliquetaciens was cloned on plasmid YEp13, S. cerevisiae-E. coli shuttle vector. Hybrid plasmid pTG17, carrying $\alpha$-amylase gene of B. amyloliquefaciens, was transformed to E. coli and the expression of it in yeast was investigated. This plasmid was unstable in E. coli and produced two minor plasmids, pTG17-1 and PTG17-2, which resulted from the segregation of it. Transformant of S. cerevisiae MC16 with pTG17-1 plasmid was not appeared on SD medium because of the Leu2 gene defection. S. cerevisiae could be transformed by the hybrid plasmid, and $\alpha$-amylase activity of the yeast transformant was detected by somogyi-Nelson method and agar diffusion method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2007

Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating metabolism and can affect homeostasis of fat depots. The gene encoding thyroglobulin (TG), producing the precursor for thyroid hormones, has been proposed as a positional and functional candidate gene for a QTL with an effect on fat deposition. The SNP occurs in the 5' promoter region of the TG gene and is widely used in marker assisted selection (MAS) programs to improve the predictability of marbling level and eating quality in beef cattle. In this study, we identified three SNPs at the 5' promoter region of the TG gene in Korean cattle. Of the three SNPs identified in TG gene, the C257T and A335G were previously unreported new SNPs. The sequence data were submitted to GenBank (GenBank accession number: AY615525). The previously reported C422T SNP showed three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, by digestion with the restriction enzyme MflI using the PCR-RFLP method. A new allelic variant corresponding to the C${\rightarrow}$T and A${\rightarrow}$G mutations at positions 257 and 335, respectively, could be detected by the SSCP analysis. The gene-specific SNP marker association analysis indicated that the C422T SNP marker was significantly associated (p<0.05) with marbling score. Animals with the CC and CT genotypes had higher marbling score than those with the TT genotype. Results from this study suggest that TG gene-specific SNP may be a useful marker for meat quality traits in future MAS programs in Korean cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1331-1341
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• 2001

Dairy cows are prone to fatty liver during the time of periparturient. Despite of the extensive studies, etiology and solutions for fatty liver are still not well known.The liver synthesizes triglycerides (TG) using precursors from bloodstream and secretes TG in form of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) into bloodstream for the utilization by peripheral tissues. When the amount of TG synthesis exceeds the amount of secretion in VLDL-TG, TG accumulation within the liver occurs. Hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion involve multi-biochemical events.The availabilities of apolipoprotein B (apoB), E (apoE), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and soluble low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor are now believed to be some of the main regulators for hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion. Studies in transgenic animals show that overexpression of these proteins stimulates VLDL production and secretion, which provides a possibility for alleviating bovine fatty liver by gene therapy. However, many problems remain to be solved to attain this goal. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion, and the possibilities and problems of applying the knowledges to solve bovine fatty liver by gene therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the effect of Yukmigiwhang-tang kamibang, a mixture of oriental herbal extracts, on the transcription of bone fonnation genes, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and TG2 (transglutaminase-2). Methods : Bone-related cells, MG-63 (human male osteosarcoma), HOS-TE85 (human female osteosarcoma), and KG-l (bone marrow) were cultured with portions of Yukmigiwhang-tang kamibang and the transcription activities of bone-related genes, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and TG2 (transglutaminase-2), were determined by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results : Transcription of BMP4 gene in HOS-TE85 cell increased up to 40% at 0.3% (v/v) of Yukmigiwhang- tang kamibang extract and that of TG2 gene in MG-63 cells also increased up to 40% at 0.3-0.4% of the same extract. Although it was less significant when compared to those in other cells, the transcription of BMP4 gene in KG-l cells also increased up to 10 to 25%. Conclusions : These results clearly demonstrated that Yukmigiwhang-tang kamibang have an effect on transcription activity of bone-related genes, TG2 and BMP4, suggesting that it may play an important role in bone formation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

Our previous study showed that transgenic (TG) pigs harboring human EPO (hEPO) gene have been shown to have reproductive disorders, including low pregnancy rates, irregular estrus cycle and low little size. To investigate these reasons, we assessed estrus behavior (standing response) and plasma $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$) level, which partly reflect reproductive function, during the estrus cycles after synchronization and superovulation by hormone treatments. Then, we analysed blood composition and expression of hEPO gene in TG pigs. Pigs were injected with PG600. After 10 days, pigs were fed with Regumate porcine for 6 days. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein. Analysis of blood composition and $E_2$ level were measured by Hemavet 950 and $E_2$ ELISA kit, respectively. And, the expression of hEPO gene in reproductive organs was quantitated by real-time RT-PCR. The percentage of estrus behavior in TG was significantly decreased. Hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) number were significantly higher in TG than wild type (WT). On the other hand, high expression of hEPO gene in TG was observed in the mammary gland as well as in the uterus. Moreover, plasma $E_2$ level was significantly higher in TG than WT. These results suggest that nonspecific expression of hEPO gene in the other organs of TG may affect blood composition and plasma $E_2$ level, thereby causing reproductive disorders.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2019

Today's scientists try to remove heavy metals with many new technologies such as phytoremediation. One of the best cutting edge technologies is developing transgenic plants to remove certain heavy metal in soil. I constructed the transformation vector expressing T. goesingense Metal Transport Protein1 gene and TgMTP1: GFP genes. The transgenic plants were selected and confirmed the transformed genes into Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Expression was confirmed in several parts in Arabidopsis cells, tissues and organs. When TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected, transgenic plants showed higher heavy metal tolerance than non-transgenic. For further study I selected the transgenic plant lines with enhanced tolerance against four different heavy metals; Zn, Ni, Co, Cd. The accumulation of these metals in these plants was further analyzed. The TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plant of selected lines are resistant against heavy metals. This plant is characterized by the expression of the MTP1 gene accumulating heavy metal in the vacuole and being simultaneously expressed on the plasma membrane. In conclusion, these plants may be used in plant purification applications, and as a plant with increased tolerance.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.54-63
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• 2003

Objectives : This study aimed to elucidate the effects of TBE on hyperlipidemia. Methods : We studied the effects of TBE on hyperlipidemia through gene expressions related with lipid metabolism and serum triglyceride as well as total and HDL-cholesterol levels, and perceived histological changes. Results : The present studies demonstrate that TBE can reduce the rise in plasma cholesterol and TG levels induced by a high-cholesterol diet and also reverse pre-established hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglycemia. In the TBE group total cholesterol levels decreased, TG levels decreased, but HDL-cholesterol levels also decreased. In the analysis of absolute and relative liver weight, TBE inhibited the weight gain induced by a high-cholesterol diet. In the histological observations, lipid droplet and apoptotic change in the TBE treated group were less compared with the control group. In the serum biochemical analysis, a difference of serum AST and ALT changes among groups was not shown, but TG and total cholesterol levels were less and HDL level decreased compared with the control group. In the gene expression related with TG and cholesterol metabolism, DGAT decreased slightly but ACAT decreased more as compared with control and Lipidil groups. Conclusion : From this study, we can infer that TBE possesses a hypolipidemic effect by inhibiting the intestinal absorption and storage of exogenous and endogenous cholesterol.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.774-777
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• 2010

Pfeiffer syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by coronal craniosynostosis, brachycephaly, mid-facial hypoplasia, and broad and deviated thumbs and great toes. Pfeiffer syndrome occurs in approximately 1:100,000 live births. Clinical manifestations and molecular genetic testing are important to confirm the diagnosis. Mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 ($FGFR1$) gene or $FGFR2$ gene can cause Pfeiffer syndrome. Here, we describe a case of Pfeiffer syndrome with a novel c833_834GC>TG mutation (encoding Cys278Leu) in the $FGFR2$ gene associated with a coccygeal anomaly, which is rare in Pfeiffer syndrome.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2001

In view of the effect of factor Ⅶ as a risk factor for essential hypertension, we investigated the length (I/D) polymorphism at position 323 promoter region and exon 8-Msp I RFLP of the human factor Ⅶ gene in the Korean patients with essential hypertension and normal controls. There were no significant differences in the allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of these polymorphisms between normotensive and essential hypertensive subjects. The significant linkage disequilibrium was however, detected between two polymorphic sites. The Msp I RFLP and I/D polymorphism were also significantly associated with plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. Therefore, our results suggest that the significant association between two genetic variations in the human factor Ⅶ gene and plasma TG level may reflect the potential role of human factor Ⅶ gene as one of the genetic components for cardiovascular risk.