• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Subterranean termites forage by constructing tunnel networks in soil and encounter food resources during tunnel excavation. Some species of termites can travel up to 150 m underground. They often travel to the surface to find wood cellulose to feed their colony, which in turn causes extensive damage to wooden architecture, such as timber-frame houses. This type of damage has been constantly increasing along with global warming because higher temperatures provide an ecological niche for termites. The damage is closely related to termite territory size and distribution. Recently, as a way to research termite control, the necessity of a mathematical model to simulate termite territory formation in relation to damage has increased. So far, however, few studies have been conducted on the development of a model because it is difficult to quantify or characterize the relationship between territorial behavior and field conditions including complicated environmental factors. In the present study, we suggest a simulation model of the territoriality of the Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki), and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), based on empirical data. The model consists of 2 procedures. One describes tunnel network growth for each colony, and the other represents territoriality based on tunnel-tunnel interactions between different colonies. Using the model, we show changes in territorial competition according to the termination probability of tunnel growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to study the fundamental characteristics of bicycle flows. Several experiments were conducted to obtain the characteristics of bicycle flows, speed variation along a curve radius, bicycle driver's travelling territory and saturation flow rate at signalized intersection. Bicycle facilities are categorized into uninterrupted and interrupted, the capacity of uninterrupted is approximately 5000bic/h, and that of the interrupted (at signalized intersection) is approximately 3000bic/h, when a curve radius is over 20m, bicycle speed is not increasing. Bicycle driver's travelling territory is used to occupancy area, it is the same concept as pedestrian's. Bicycle occupancy area is to be divided into circulation zone, comfort zone. and collision zone. Circulation zone is over 2.21$\times$4.1m and collision zone is less than 0.96$\times$2.47m. Comfort zone is defined as intermediate state between two zones.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4717-4721
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• 2013

Complete surgical resection of the primary tumour is a crucial predictive step for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), because incomplete resection may lead to increase in the recurrence rate. Molecular cancer markers have been investigated as potential predictors of prognosis marker, to identify patients who are at high risk of local recurrence. This retrospective study aimed to determine the prognostic correlation between p53 and eIF4E expression and clinical characteristics, recurrence and overall survival. Forty eight HNSCC patients were selected between 2006 and 2009 diagnosed at the Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Out of 48, only those 24 with negative surgical margins with hematoxylin and eosin (HandE) were chosedn for further analysis. A total of 77 surgical margins were obtained and subsequently analysed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with monoclonal p53 and polyclonal eIF4E antibodies. Contingency table and ${\chi}^2$-test were used to investigate the correlation between p53 and eIF4E expression and clinical characteristics, recurrence and overall survival of the HNSCC patients. The follow up period was 74 months (range 1-74 months). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate recurrence and survival curves. This is a first retrospective study of Northern Territory patients, including Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Molecular study of surgical margins could help to identify patients with and without clear margins after surgery and help in choice of the most appropriate adjuvant treatment for HNSCC patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and compare the incidence of diffusion-weighted image (DWI) lesions between the Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) and the Target coil for treating unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Methods : From 2010 to 2011, consecutive 222 patients with an intracranial aneurysm underwent coil embolization. Inclusion criterias were : 1) unruptured intracranial aneurysm, 2) one or more GDC or Target coils used with or without other coils, 3) DWI examination within 24 hours after coiling, and 4) coiling performed without a balloon or stent. Results : Ninety patients (92 cases) met the inclusion criteria. DWI lesions were detected in 55 (61.1%) of 90 patients. In the GDC group (n=44), DWI lesions were detected in 31 (70.5%). The average number of DWI lesions was $5.0{\pm}8.7$ (mean${\pm}$SD; range, 1-40) in aneurysm-related territory. In the Target coil group (n=48), DWI lesions were detected in 24 (50.0%). The number of DWI lesion was $2.1{\pm}5.4$ (range, 1-32) in aneurysm-related territory. There was no significant correlation between a number of coils and DWI lesions. No significant differences were also observed in the number of DWI lesions in each group. Conclusion : The GDC and Target coils, which have an electrolytic detachable system, showed no differences in the incidence of DWI lesion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2016

Objective : Early progressive infarction (EPI) is frequently observed and related to poor functional outcome in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction caused by MCA occlusion. We evaluated the perfusion parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a predictor of EPI. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute MCA territory infarction caused by MCA occlusion. EPI was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale increment ${\geq}2$ points during 24 hours despite receiving standard treatment. Regional parameter ratios, such as cerebral blood flow and volume (rCBV) ratio (ipsilateral value/contralateral value) on perfusion MRI were analyzed to investigate the association with EPI. Results : Sixty-four patients were enrolled in total. EPI was present in 18 (28%) subjects and all EPI occurred within 3 days after hospitalization. Diabetes mellitus, rCBV ratio and regional time to peak (rTTP) ratio showed statically significant differences in both groups. Multi-variate analysis indicated that history of diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR), 6.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.55-24.24] and a low rCBV ratio (rCBV, <0.85; OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 1.4-30.27) was significantly correlated with EPI. Conclusion : The incidence of EPI is considerable in patients with acute MCA territory infarction caused by MCA occlusion. We suggest that rCBV ratio is a useful neuro-imaging parameter to predict EPI.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2001

Dokdo is a volcanic island, and its formative geological age took place at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. Dokdo is located at 131。 52′33" East longitude, and 37$^{\circ}$ 14′18" North latitude, and is consituted of 87 islands. The total area of Dokdo is 0.186 $\textrm{km}^2$ and the length of its coastline is 4 km. Ookdo is a treasury of fish resources where many varieties of fish including squid and Alaska pollack live in abundance of greatest importance. Dokdo is a forward fishery base. Ullung island is located at 37$^{\circ}$ 27′~37$^{\circ}$ 33′North latitude and 130$^{\circ}$ 47′~130$^{\circ}$ 56′East longitude. The area of Ullung is 72.92 $\textrm{km}^2$ and the length of its seashore is 44.21 $\textrm{km}^2$. The total marine product of Ullungdo(1995) is 9,066 tons (M/T). The largest is squid, 8,900 tons. For the sea area of the depths near the Ullungdo, coast, that of 50m or less is 2,477 ha, and that of 50- 100m is 1,471ha. This fact tells us that there is no extensive area of a very shallow sea, and that it is directly connected to the deep sea. Ullungdo is a treasury of marine bioresources with rich and varied fishes including squid and Alaska Pollack and many others. Presently there is a sovereignty dispute over Dokdo between Korea and Japan. Since A.D.512, Dokdo has been a part of territory of Korea. Dokdo is a part of Kyungsang-Bukdo, Ullung-gun, Ullung-up, Do-dong in the Korean administrative district division system. Japan strenuously claims sovereignty for significant economic reasons, including fishery rights, and has adhered to a contradictory position that "Dokdo is Japanese land" since Japan incorporated Dokdo into Japanese territory in 1905.ritory in 1905.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 1999

Current technology does not emphasize closer connection through group collaboration, but rather underlines the distances and separations that are visible in today's society. As the interpretation of our territory of life which is still based on the model of the 'physical' of industrial era is no more valid, a different 'sense of belonging' corresponds to this new notion of territory. The main idea is how to make the sense of community to connect actual space with one child from each place. Therefore, the subject of this thesis is to design the system making children from distance to be closer, developing 'learning community' connecting with two classes across the globe. The contents include its studying in respect to the development of a non-geographical 'learning community' based on co-evolution, and to the system design of conceptual models for the community. In conclusion, the physical interface design is suggested to let user develop accurate mental models of the system.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was to investigated using National Institutes of Health Strokes Scale score in 36 patients with middle cerebral artery infarction and to enaluate prognosis. Method : The subjects oh this study were 36 patients who were admitted to the Wonkwang oriental medicine. Improving rate were measured by using the National Institutes of Health Strokes Scale score. Each patient was diagnosed with Brain Computerized Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and clinical observation. Results : There were significant results statistically between National Institutes of Health Strokes Scale score and middle cerebral artery territories. While sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease were not siginificant meaning statistically. Conclusions: Sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease were relevant factors in predicting the functional outcome in the patients with middle cerebral artery infarction. In this study, middle cerebral artery territory affects the functional outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2005

The Land Use Suitability Assessment System was recently introduced by the Act on Planning and Utilization of the National Territory to use, manage, and develop the national territory, which integrated the National Land Use and Management Act and the Urban Planning Act. It provides a guideline for land use according to locational characteristics, usability, and developmental conditions of land in the vicinity. The database is constructed with LMIS cadastral data, posted land price data, and the data of related agencies such as the Korea Forest Service, the Ministry of Environment, and the Korea Water Resources Corporation etc. In this paper we describe accurate database construction method fur land use suitability assessment system as classifying and verifying errors deriving from database construction focused on Jinju city. Those data errors have the problems such as accuracy difference among the related agencies data, gap of data acquisition time, and non-consideration of latest updated data etc.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.27
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• pp.209-238
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• 2011

Ecomuseum which appeared in France in 1968 and widely diffused over the world, is a new type of museum. The purpose of this museum is not to simply possess and exhibit the existing relics, but to discover the locational senses of a territory by in-situ conserving and interpreting its entire natural and cultural heritages, and to plan the participation of its population and the development of its local community. The significance of this museum can be found in the recovery of disappearing collective memories of a territory, the restoration of the cultural identity of its population and the revitalization of a underdeveloped area. As the majority of these museums are fragmented or open air museums, an 'web ecomuseum' which makes the remote offering of informations about whole dispersed heritages and their holistic interpretation possible by digitalizing, recording, conserving, interpreting and utilizing related heritages, is necessary. This paper considers the possibility of web ecomuseum and its constitution contents and methods through the case of Mountain Mudeung area. Especially, in relation to the latter, this paper suggests a plan which consists of selection of own local themes, construction of digital archives, design of web expositions and production of electronic cultural maps.