• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

Soil seed banks as natural storage of plant seeds play an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of watershed. Natural regeneration potential of the soil seed bank of Land use types (LUTs) in Ogun River watershed (ORW) was investigated. ORW was stratified using proportionate sampling technique into Guinea Savannah (GS), Rainforest (RF) and Swamp Forest (SF) Ecological Zones (EZs). Three LUTs: Natural Forest (NF), Disturbed Forest (DF) and Farmland (FL) were purposively selected in GS: GSNF, GSDF, GSFL; RF: RFNF, RFDF, RFFL and SF: SFNF, SFDF, SFFL, respectively. Systematic line transects was used in the laying of the sample plots. Sample plots of 25 m×25 m were established in alternate positions. Ten 1 m×1 m quadrats were randomly laid for soil core sampling from previously randomly selected ten plots. The core samples (10) were pooled per plot in each LUT and placed in individual trays. Ten trays with sterilized soil were used as control. The trays were watered regularly and checked for seedlings emergence fortnightly for 18 months. The experimental design used was 3×3 factorial experiments. ANOVA, Diversity index (H') and Similarity index (SI) were used to analyze the data. There was significant difference in seedling emergence among ecological zones and land use types (p<0.05). A total of 4,400 seedlings emerged from the soil samples. All species were distributed among 32 families. FL in the RF had the highest number of germinated seeds (705±37.33 seedlings) followed by DF in the RF (701±49.6 seedlings). The lowest emergence was in NF of the SF (199±28.41 seedlings). DF in the RF had highest number of species (34) distributed among 22 families. Emergence from soil seed bank of NF in ORW was generally with more of tree species than herbs that were predominant in FL and DF.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.49.1-49.9
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this report is to present a new reference for aesthetic mandible surgery using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography-based treatment planning for orthognathic surgery which can be implemented in surgical planning and perioperative procedure. Methods: To make an objective standard for evaluating aesthetic mandibular outline, we make an aesthetic scoring criteria with consideration of asymmetry, broad mandibular border line, and prominent mandibular angle. Two maxillofacial surgeons and two orthodontists rated their aesthetical evaluation from 1 to 5. Experimental group consisting of 47 female and 38 male patients who had rotational orthognathic two-jaw surgery from 2010 to 2011 were chosen according to aesthetic scoring done by two maxillofacial surgeons and two orthodontists. A high aesthetic score (${\geq}16$) means the facial contour is symmetric, with no broad and narrow aesthetic mandible frontal profiles. Control A group consisted of ten female and ten male patients who had no orthognathic surgery experience and low aesthetic score (${\geq}10$). Control B group consisted of ten female and ten male patients who had no orthognathic surgery experience and had anaesthetic mandibular frontal profile and a high aesthetic score (${\geq}16$). The three-dimensional image of the patient was taken from dental cone-beam CT (DCT) scanning (experimental group and control A group: 6 months DCT after surgery, control B group: 1st visit DCT). Each DCT was reformatted to reorient the 3D image using 3D analyzing program (OnDemand3D, cybermed Inc, CA, USA). After selection of 12 landmarks and the construction of reoriented horizontal, vertical, and coronal reference lines, 15 measurements were taken in 3D analysis of frontal mandibular morphology. Afterwards, horizontal and vertical linear measurements and angular measurements, linear ratio were obtained. Results: Mean $Go^{\prime}_{Rt}-Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$ angular measurement was $100.74{\pm}2.14$ in female patients and $105.37{\pm}3.62$ in male patients. These showed significant difference with control A group in both genders. Ratio of $Go^{\prime}_{Rt}-Go^{\prime}_{Lt}-Me^{\prime}$ length to some linear measurements (ratio of $Me^{\prime}-Cd^{\prime}_{Rt}Cd^{\prime}_{Lt}$ to $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Rt}Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$, ratio of $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}$ to $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Rt}Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$, ratio of $Go^{\prime}_{Rt}-Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$ to $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Rt}Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$) showed significant difference with control A group in both genders. Conclusion: This study was intended to find some standard measurement of mandible frontal view in 3D analysis of aesthetic patient. So, these potential measurement value may be helpful for orthognathic treatment planning to have more aesthetic and perspective outcomes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1985

Ten recommended rice varieties were cultivated in paddy area affected by air-pollutants and in normal area to select varieties adaptable to air-pollution environment. Rice plants grown in pollution site showed higher contents of total sulfur and fluorine in leaf through the whole growing period compared with those in non-pollution site, and rice leaves destroyed by air-pollutants were found only in pollution site. Rice grain yield and four yield components of ten rice varieties grown in pollution site were lower than those in normal area. Five rice varieties among ten were selected as adaptable to air-pollution environment, based on their yielding potential in pollution site and grain yield ratio between two sites. Rice varieties adaptable to pollution showed little variation of percent ripened grains and number of panicles per hill between two sites. Chlorophyll content in flag leaf of rice plants grown in pollution area was lower than in non-pollution area. No relationship was found between grain yield ratio (pollution/non-pollution site) of ten varieties and total sulfur content ratio, fluorine content ratio, chlorophyll content ratio between two sites, and percent destroyed leaf in pollution site, respectively. This result suggest that varietal adaptability to air-pollution environment is not related with the amount of pollutants absorbed, but with the degree of response to pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.311-320
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• 1997

We selected horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus, mackerel Scomber japonicus and arrow squid Todarodes pacificus, to be used in the experiment. These fishes migrate to the Cheju coast and were caught by set-net. We studied on the attracting effect and the leading effect on the fish school using incandescent lights in an outdoor water tank at the Marine Research Institute Cheju National University. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The horse mackerels, mackerels and arrow squids were actively attracted to the incandescent light. The optimum illumination and the reactions of each fish school were different though. 2. We turned the first attracting lamp on and turned it off after ten minutes. Then we turned the second attracting lamp on and turned it off after another ten minutes. The reaction of each fish school was a little bit different, but it worked to lead them to their destination. 3. We turned the three attracting lamps on at the same tune. After ten minutes, We turned the first attracting lamp off. After another ten minutes we turned the second attracting lamp off. The reaction of each fish school was a bit different, but it worked to lead them to their destination. 4. One incandescent light was moving. The reaction of each fish school was a little bit different, but it worked to lead them to their destination.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2001

Ten newly evolved bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori L) were evaluated with control hybrid KA${\pm}$NB4D2 during three seasons of a year for their seasonal performance. Analysis of variance and other statistical methods were employed and the performance was observed in respect of 10 quantitative traits. The results showed significant genotype${\pm}$environment interaction with respect to four quantitative characters viz. fecundity, yield/10,000 larvae, filament length and raw silk (%). Environmental effects were significant for nine characters out of ten characters evaluated. A 105${\pm}$J2 and B${\pm}$NB4D2 were considered as highly adaptable hybrids to local conditions with high mean for maximum characters studied and found suitable to rear in all seasons.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.147-161
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• 2008

The present study compared characteristics of Korean nominal particles (occurrence, error, error patterns) of ten 5- to 6-year-old Korean-English simultaneous bilingual children with ten Korean monolingual children. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman Rank Correlation and by qualitative analysis. Results were (1) bilingual children showed significantly lower frequency based on the number of occurrence of nominal particles per utterance. (2) The error percentage of adverbial markers was significantly higher for bilingual children. (3) Error patterns of bilingual children showed a higher percentage of in-case substitution and double use error. These findings suggest that Korean-English simultaneous bilingual children have a different Korean nominal particles development from Korean monolingual children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1986

This study was designed to observe the effects of nutritional supplementation of general Korean diet on protein metabolism in growing rats. Seventy weanling Sprague-Dawely male rats weighing 76.8$\pm$1.45g were blocked into ten groups and fed ten different experimental diets for eight weeks. The rats in cereal-vegetable group were fed ad libitum for all the experimental period and those in other experimental groups were pairfed following the feed intake of rats in C-V gp. Control group was given 72% cornstarch-29% casein diet : C-V gp was fed cerealvegetable diet composed of rice, barley, soybean and Chinese cabbage : the other eight groups were fed C-V diets supplemented with casein, vitamin B\sub 2\ calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B\sub 2\ and vitamin A, vitamin A and calcium, vitamin B\sub 2\ and calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B\sub 2\ and calcium, respectively, on the basis of each nutrients content of standard diet.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis the internal fitness of single crown fabricated by additive method technique. Methods: Study models were fabricated. Ten crowns were manufactured by additive method technique (AM group) and another ten crowns using conventional method were manufactured (CM group). The internal fitness of specimens were measured using silicone replica technique. Silicone replicas were sectioned one times (direction: from mesial to distal). The internal fitness were evaluated using by digital microscope. Statistical analyses were performed with independent samples t-test. (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Mean(SD) of all internal fitness were $92.1(20.0){\mu}m$ for AM group and $69.7(12.3){\mu}m$ for CM group. Two groups were statistically significant differences (p<0.001). Conclusion: All internal gaps of AM group were ranged within the clinical recommendation ($120{\ss}{\neq}$).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to establish basic database on Sorbus alnifolia by investigating, analyzing and comparing characteristics of leaf, and then foster good cultivar on each morphological characteristics - leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, left lateral vein, right lateral vein. Leaf length and leaf width in Osan showed distinct tendency in comparison with the whole mean : 103.4mm and 63.3mm, 86.4mm and 62.9mm, respectively. Populations of Mt. Dukyoo and Mt. Halla showed leaf length of 52.8mm and 58.2mm respectively 32.6% and 39% lower than the mean of ten population. Leaf width of Mt. Gwangyang and Mt. Chink was 52.8mm and 51.9mm, respectively 17.6% and 16.2% lower than whole mean, respectively, and showed the lowest tendency among ten selected populations.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.555-559
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• 2005

Evaluate the triolein emulsion could disrupt the barriers and to suggest as an experimental model in blood-ocular barrier studies. Triolein emulsion was infused into the carotid artery in the experimental group ten cats. Normal saline was used in another the control group ten cats. Pre contrast and postcontrast T1-weighted MR images were obtained at 30 minutes and 3 hours after embolization. Signal intensities were evaluated in the anterior, posterior chamber and in the vitreus qualitatively and quantitatively. Postembolization 30 minutes MR images were not different from those of the control group. Postembolization 3 hour MR images demonstrated delayed contrast enhancement in the anterior chamber of the ipsilateral and contralateral eyeballs and in the posterior chamber of the ipsilateral eyeball. Delayed contrast enhancement of the posterior chamber of the ipsilateral eyeball was statistically significant (P<0.05). The present study demonstrated significant contrast enhancement in the posterior chamber with infusion of triolein emulsion and can be a model in blood-aqueous barrier studies.