• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

$Zn_4SnSe_6$ and $Zn_4SnSe_6:Co^{2+}$ single crystals were grown by the chemical transport reaction(CTR) method. They were crystallized in the monoclinic structure. These temperature dependence of the optical energy gap were closely investigated over the temperature range 10[K]~300[K]. The direct energy gaps of $Zn_4SnSe_6$ and $Zn_4SnSe_6$:$Co^{2+}$ single crystals were given by 2.146[eV] and 2.042[eV] at 300[K]. The temperature dependence of the optical energy gap is well presented by the Varshni equation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.424-429
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• 2006

In the present study, a human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture model was developed to evaluate the potential involvement of carrier-mediated transport systems in drug transfer into milk. Trypsin-resistant HMECs were seeded on $Matrigel^{circledR}-coated$ filters to develop monolayers of functionally differentiated HMEC. Expression of the specific function of HMEC monolayers was dependent of the number of trypsin treatments. Among the monolayers with different numbers of treatment (treated 1 to 3 times), the monolayer treated 3 times (3-t-HMEC monolayer) showed the highest maximal transepithelial resistance and expression of $\beta-casein$ mRNA as an index of differentiation. Transport of tetraethylammonium (TEA) across the 3-t-HMEC monolayer in the basolateral-to-apical direction was significantly higher than that in the apical-to-basolateral direction (p<0.05), whereas such directionality was not observed for p-aminohippurate, suggesting the existence of organic cation transporters, but not organic anion transporters. In fact, expression of mRNAs of human organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and 3 were detected in the 3-t-HMEC monolayer. These results indicate that the 3-t-HMEC monolayer is potentially useful for the evaluation of carrier-mediated secretion of drugs including organic cations into human milk.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2635-2643
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• 2011

Current freight electric locomotives (132 ton) of the eco-friendly and can carry large cargo logistics as a means of generation has increased the demand at home and abroad. Especially, Freight electric locomotives to increase the traction, it is easy to mass and rapid transport. In addition, Freight electric locomotives is no exhaust and low noise compared to diesel -electric locomotives and it can be eco-friendly transportation. CO_CO BOGIE of Freight electric locomotives has no the center pivot and Traction_Rod and Spring of CO_CO BOGIE is mounted on the body. These freight electric locomotives to be satisfied with the safety regulations. Carbody development satisfied Implementation of optimum body and collision is the focus. Accordingly, the different approach in the upper and lower carbody structure and interior and equipment placement is needed. On this paper, the contents give explanation of cases on carbody design composed of freight electric locomotives now developed and process of improvement by structure analysis and collision analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to determine whether Salviae-radix (SVR) extraction prevents the oxidant-induced cell injury and thereby exerts protective effect against oxidant-induced inhibition of tetraethylammonium uptake (TEA) in renal corticaJ sices. SVR (5%) attenuated $H_2O_2-induced$ inhibition of TEA uptake. $H_2O_2$ increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. These changes were prevented by SVR extraction. The protective effect of SVR on LDH release was dose-dependent over the concentration range of 0.1-0.5%, and that on lipid peroxidation over the concentration ranges of 0.05-2%. SVR significantly prevented Hg-induced lipid peroxidation. SVR extraction (0.5%) increased cellular GSH content in normal and $H_2O_2-treated$ tissues. When slices were treated with 100 mM $H_2O_2$, catalase activity was decreased, which was prevented by 0.5% SVR extraction. The activity of glutathione peroxidase but not superoxide dismutase was significantly increased by 0.5% SVR extraction in $H_2O_2-treated$ tissuces. These results suggest that SVR has an antioxidant action and thereby exerts benefical effect against oxidant-induced impairment of membrane transport function. This effect of SVR is attributed to an increase in endogenous antioxidants such as GSH, catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.199-208
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• 2002

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine if Carthami Semen Aquacupunc- ture(CSA) exerts protective effect against alterations in membrane transport function rabbits with mercury chloride(HG)-induced acute renal failure. Methods : The administration of Hg at a subcutaneous single dose of 10 mg/kg caused a reduction in GFR and an increase in fractional Na excretion, indicating generation of acute renal failure. When CSA were given for 7 days prior to Hg administration, such changes were significantly attenuated. The fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate was increased in rabbits treated with Hg alone. Results : The increase in rabbits treated with Hg following CSA are significantly lower than that in animals treated with Hg alone. Uptakes of glucose and phosphate in purified isolated brush-border membrane and Na-K-ATPase activity in microsomal fraction were inhibited in rabbits treated with Hg alone. Such changes were prevented by CSA. Uptakes of organic ions, PAH and TEA, in renal cortical slices were inhibited by the administration of Hg, which was prevented by CSA. Exposure of renal cortical slices to Hg in vitro caused an increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation, which was significantly prevented by CSA extract. Conclusions : These results indicate that the administration of Hg causes impairment in reabsorption of solutes in the proximal tubule via the generation of reactive oxygen species. CSA provides the protection against the impairment in proximal reabsorption, and its effect may be resulted from its antioxidant effect.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.68-79
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• 2010

Weather like rain, strong wind or snowfall may make the road condition deteriorated and sometimes induce traffic accidents, which lead to severe traffic congestion, thereby travelers may change their destinations elsewhere. Although origin-destination trip information is required to analyze transportation planning in urban area, there are little researches on the relationship between weather condition and travel patterns. This paper investigates the characteristics of travel patterns on expressway in snowing days of 1998-2008. We compare the normal travel patterns with those of snowing days by the travel distance for each vehicle type. Results show that traffic volume and travel distance have been reduced in snowing days as we expect, and also show different travel patterns for weekday and weekend.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1769-1778
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• 2009

Due to the industrialization and urbanization, the transport of hazardous materials increases, which rises possibilities in occurring prospective accidents in terms of hazardous material transport as well. This study applied the model developed from the previous research to analyze the scale of damage areas from the accidents related to hazardous material accidents, as well as suggested a method to measure automatically the scale of accident including casualties and environmental damage based on the guideline which suggests the quantities of hazardous materials exposed from an accident and was defined in the study of standardization for hazardous material classification. A buffering analysis technique of Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied for that. To apply the model which evaluates the scale of population and exposure to environment on each link, rail network, zones, rail accident data, rail freight trips, and locations of rivers etc were complied as a database for GIS analysis. In conclusion, a method to measure damage areas by the types of hazardous materials was introduced using a Clip and a Special Join technique for overlay analysis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2001

Objectives ; This study was undertaken to determine if Salviae Radix herb-acupuncture (SRA) exerts protective effect against alterations in membrane transport function in rabbits with mercury chloride (Hg)-induced acute renal failure. Methods and Results ; The administration of Hg at a subcutaneous single dose of 10mg/kg caused a reduction in GFR to 9.4% of the basal value and an increase in fractional Na+ excretion to 10-fold, indicating generation of acute renal failure. When animals were acupunctured with $0.5m{\ell}$ of SRA extract (0.1%) in both sides of Shinsu(BL23) for 7 days prod to Hg administration, such changes were significantly attenuated. The fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate was increased to approximately 132-fold and 7-fold, respectively, in rabbits treated with Hg alone, but the fractional excretion of glucose was increased to 26-fold and that of phosphate was not different from the basal value in SRA-pretreated rabbits. Uptakes of glucose and phosphate in purified isolated brush-border membrane and $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity in microsomal fraction were inhibited in rabbits treated with Hg alone, suggesting that impairment in proximal reabsorption of glucose and phosphate is resulted from a direct damage of membrane transport carriers and disruption of the normal $Na^+$ gradient. Conclusions ; Such changes were prevented by SRA. Uptakes of organic ions, PAH and TEA, in renal cortical slices were inhibited by the administration of Hg, which was prevented by SRA. Pretreatment of an antioxidant DPPD attenuated the increase in the fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate induced by the administration of Hg.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.912-916
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• 2008

Pre-slaughter conditions affect poultry meat quality. Therefore, stresses before slaughter like heat stress, struggle and shackling on the shackle line, crating and transport and feed withdrawal are very important for the poultry industry in respect of quality as well as welfare of the birds. However, exposure to heat in oxidative stress can in turn lead to cytotoxicity in meat type birds. Chickens exposed to heat stress before slaughter showed the lowest ultimate pH and birds shackled for a longer time the highest. The abdominal fat content was higher in heat stressed birds. Struggling on the shackle line hastened the initial rate of the pH drop and increased the redness of breast meat. Again, with increasing struggling activity, lactate concentration in breast muscle of chicken increased. Paler meat was found in birds that were transported for a longer time than in those after a small journey or not transported. The pre-slaughter and eviscerated weights were decreased as the length of feed withdrawal period increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04d
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• pp.277-279
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 편재 컴퓨팅(ubiquitous and pervasive computing) 환경에 입력 시스템으로 사용하는 센서 네트워크에서 측정한 데이터의 품질 (sampling rate and quantization depth) 을 보증하며 네트워크 트래픽 또는 소모전력과 같은 비용을 최소화하기 위한 방법으로, 휴리스틱 알고리즘에 의한 비주기적 샘플링과 신뢰성 있는 전송규약을 사용하는 비주기적 전송방식을 제안한다. 그리고 제안한 비주기적 전송방식에 핵심기술인 신뢰성 있는 전송 규약의 비용을 최적화하기 위한 방법으로 ACK방식과 NACK방식을 패킷 에러율과 동일한 라우터를 사용하는 이웃 노드의 수와 같은 네트워크 상황에 따라 상보적으로 사용하는 상보적 방식(alternative method)을 제안하고, 전체 통신규약을 설계하며, 해석을 통해 성능을 분석하고, 네트워크 상태에 따라 두 방식의 성능상의 우열이 전환되는 전환점을 유도한다. 제안하는 상보형 신뢰성 있는 전송규약은 전체 센서 네트워크에서 처리되는 패킷의 비트 수를 최소화해, 각 노드의 총 전력 소모의 20-60%를 차지하는 통신모듈의 소비 전력을 줄일 수 있어 전력소모를 크게 개선 할 수 있다. 나아가서 다양한 센서 네트워크에서 설계한 전송규약을 바탕으로 하는 제안하는 비주기적 전송방식을 활용한다면 최적의 비용으로 측정하는 데이터의 품질을 보증할 수 있다.