• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.203-207
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• 2003

Due to the inherent nature of the low flying UAV, obstacle detection is a fundamental requirement in the flight path to avoid the collision from obstacles as well as manned aircraft. In this paper, a preliminary sensor requirements of an obstacle detection system for UAV in low-altitude flight are analyzed, and the automated obstacle detection sensor system is proposed assessing both passive and active sensors such as EO camera, IR, Laser radar, microwave and millimeter radar. In addition, TCAS (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System) are reviewed for the collision avoidance of the manned aircraft system. It is suggested that small-sized radar sensor is the best candidate for the smart UAV because an active radar can provide the real-time informations on range and range rate in the all-weather environment. However, an important constraints on small UAV should be resolved in terms of accommodation of the mass, volume, and power allocated in the payload of the UAV system design requirements.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Though the functions and operational procedures of current ACAS-II are upgraded several times owing to technical advancement, so far the mid-air collision accidents never come to an end. Recently to solve the major issues of ACAS-II, ICAO began to develop a future ACAS (Airborne Collision Avoidance System) by the year 2015. Accordingly in order to prepare for international standardization of the future ACAS, in this paper a policy is proposed for domestic implementation of the future ACAS based on the results from studying the technical standards and future development trends of ACAS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

In case of South Korea, the airspace which airlines can operate is extremely limited due to the military operational area located within the Incheon flight information region. As a result, safety problems such as mid-air collision between aircraft or Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System Resolution Advisory (TCAS RA) may occur with higher probability than in wider airspace. In order to prevent such safety problems, an mid-air collision risk detection model based on Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) well clear metrics is investigated. The model calculates the risk of mid-air collision between aircraft using aircraft trajectory data. In this paper, the practical use of DAA well clear metrics based model has been validated. Aviation safety data such as aviation safety mandatory report and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast is used to measure the performance of the model. The attributes of individual aircraft track data is analyzed to correct the threshold of each parameter of the model.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 1997

The dysfunction of either or both noradrenaline and serotonin system are important in the pathophysiology of depression. Previous reports have suggested that there may be an important interaction between these two systems. Recently, some investigators have suggested that the combination of tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) would produce a rapid synergistic effect on down-regulation of either or both of these two systems and that this combination may produce a more rapid and absolute antidepressant effect. We compared the treatment efficacy, treatment associated side effects, treatment satisfaction, and the quality of life between the combination therapy of dothiepin-sertraline as well as the therapy of dothiepin alone in the treatment of major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder. In our study, the combination therapy of dothiepin and sertraline produced a more rapid and absolute antidepressant effect than dothiepin alone. And the patients with combination therapy experienced relatively high treatment satisfaction than the patients with dothiepin therapy. The patients' quality of life improved more rapidly in the combination therapy, especially, in the health perception, social behavior, and life satisfaction, than dothiepin alone. These results support the hypothesis that the combination of TCA and SSRI may produce a rapid synergistic effect on either or both norepinephrine and serotonin system, and more rapid antidepressant effect and high treatment satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2009

An aircraft collision accident is a disaster that causes great losses of inventories and lives. Though a collision avoidance warning function is provided automatically to pilots in the aircrafts by the enhancement of the aircraft capability, achieving fast decision-making to escape a collision situation is a complex and dangerous work for pilots. If an in-flight collision situation is controlled by the air traffic control system which monitors all airplanes in the air, it would be more efficient to prevent in-flight collisions because it can handle the emergency before the pilot's action. In this paper, we develop the collision avoidance warning function in the air traffic control system. Specifically, we design and implement the five stages of the collision avoidance function, and propose a visualization method which could effectively provide the operators with the trajectories and altitudes of the aircrafts in a collision situation. By developing an in-flight collision warning function in the air traffic control system that visualizes flight patterns through the state transition data of in-flight aircrafts on the flight path lines, it can effectively prevent in-flight collisions with traffic alerts. The developed function allows operators to effectively select and control the aircraft in a collision situation by providing the operators with the expected collision time, the relative distance, and the relative altitude while assessing the level of alert, and visualizing the alert information which includes the Attention-Warning-Alert phase via embodying the TCAS standard. With the developed function the air traffic control system could sense an in-flight collision situation before the pilot's decision-making moment.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 1995

In comparison with tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs), one of the most interesting characteristics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) is its structural differences, reveals different pharmacological properties. The applications at the moment are most effective in clinical applications to depression. The limited result of the research to date on the various applications of SSRIs has not revealed the total potential and applicability of SSRIs. Therefore, attending physicians utilizing SSRIs do not know the full capabilities of the drug on patients and what the patients may reap in terms of benefit from its curing elements. Physicians must first try to understand the full potential of SSRIs and its potential applications for it to be effective on patients. recently, it has been determined that SSRIs and other drugs when administered together may be more effective in the healing process because SSRIs complements and aids in the enhancement and effect of the other drugs. This article is written to give attention to the reader of the pharmacological properties and the clinical use of SSRIs. It is the authors's hope that continuous research on the particular aspects of SSRIs can aid the clinicians in the use of this SSRIs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.1232-1235
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• 2008

Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), is used for the treatment of non-polar depression and nocturnal enuresis in children in whom an organic pathology has been excluded, anxiety disorders, and neuropathic pain. Clinical toxicity following the treatment of TCAs, including imipramine, is well known. The anticholinergic effects initially present include a dry mouth, ileus, dilated pupils, urinary retention, and mild sinus tachycardia. The central nervous system toxicity includes delirium, agitation, restlessness, hallucinations, convulsions, and CNS depression or coma. However, the most life-threatening toxicity remains the development of cardiac dysrhythmias. Conduction delays such as QRS and corrected QT prolongation, wide QRS complex tachycardia, and the Brugada electrocardiographic pattern have been reported. Sodium bicarbonate decreases QRS widening and suppresses dysrhythmias by providing excess sodium to reverse the TCA-induced sodium-channel blockade and possibly by binding directly to the myocardium. There are no pediatric case reports on imipramine or other TCA associated toxicity in Korea. Here, we describe a patient who presented with convulsions, tachycardia with a wide QRS complex, a Brugada electrocardiographic pattern, and anuresis associated with an accidental overdose of imipramine and the outcome of treatment with sodium bicarbonate.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2003

Objectives：As increasing number of new antidepressants have been being introduced in clinical practice, pharmacological understanding has been broadened. These changes mandate new information and theories to be incorporated into the treatment process of children with depressive disorders. In light of newly coming knowledge, this review intended to recapitulate the characteristics of new antidepressants and to consider the pivotal issues to develope guidelines for the treatment of depression in childhood and adolescence. Methods：Searching the Pub-Med online database for the articles with the key words of 'new', 'antidepressants' and 'children' ninety-seven headings of review articles were obtained. The author selected the articles of pertinent subjects in terms of either treatment guideline or psychopharmacology of new antidepressants. When required, articles about the clinical effectiveness of individual antidepressants were separatedly searched. In addition, the safety information of new antidepressants was acquired by browsing the official sites of the United States Food and Drugs Administration and Department of Health and Human Services. Results：1) For the clinical course, treatment phase, and treatment outcome, the reviews or treatment guidelines adopted the information from adult treatment guidelines. 2) Systematic and critical reviews unambiguously concluded that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) excelled tricyclic antidepressants( TCAs) for both efficacy and side effect profiles, and were recommend for the first-line choice for the treatment of children with depressive disorders. 3) New antidepressants generally lacked treatment experiences and randomized controlled clinical trials. 4) SSRIs and other new antidepressants, when used together, might result in pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic drug-to-drug interaction. 5) The difference of the clinical effectiveness of antidepressants between children and adults should be addressed from developmental aspects, which required further evidence. Conclusion：Treatment guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of childhood and adolescence depression could be constructed on the basis of clinical trial findings and practical experiences. Treatment guidelines are to best serve as the frame of reference for a clinician to make reasonable decisions for a particular therapeutic situation. In order to fulfill this role, guidelines should be updated as soon as new research data become available.