• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.2135-2139
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• 2007

현재 한국농촌공사에서는 농업용수의 효율적인 관리를 위하여 물관리자동화사업을 시행하고 약 8만ha를 대상으로 418개의 수리시설을 전동화하였다. 물관리자동화사업에서의 물관리는 공급자 위주로서 이미 결정되어진 물의 양을 시기에 따라 적절하게 공급하여 주며 이를 계측하고 제어하기 위한 시설이다. 그러나 현재 실제로 물관리가 일어나는 곳을 말단포장으로서 급수물꼬의 개폐에 따라 농업용수의 공급과 단절이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 사실에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 급수물꼬를 논의 담수심에 따라 자동으로 개폐시키는 자동물꼬, 논의 담수심과 수로의 유황상황을 체크하여 정보전달을 수행하는 수로수위측정 및 담수심 측정장치, 상기의 논과 수로의 유황정보에 의하여 논에 물을 공급하는 태양광 전동수문, 수로의 수위증감에 따라서 수로의 수압을 일정하게 형성시켜 용수공급을 원활하게 해주며 또 기존의 제수문과는 다르게 항상 수위를 일정하게 유지하면서도 하류방향으로 물을 공급해주는 무동력 자동수문을 개발하여 시스템으로서 구성하여 설치하였다. 현재 담수심 측정 및 수로수위측정장치로부터의 정보전달은 무선으로 하며 이 정보를 기초로 하여 태양광 전동수문의 모터제어부에서 판단을 하여 수문의 개폐를 지시한다. 또한 무동력 자동수문의 경우에는 부력부가 별도로 설치되어 있어서 주수부를 통하여 수로내 수위와 같은 레벨로 물이 유입되고 이를 플로트가 감지하여 수문비 후방에 설치되어 있는 밸런스 웨이트를 제어하여 수문을 개폐한다. 본 무동력 자동수문은 수위를 유지하는 설정수심을 자유로이 변경할 수 있도록 주수부를 개량하였으며 부력부에 오물유입이 되지 않도록 스크린을 주수부의 물유입장소에 설치하였다. 현재까지 시스템의 작동상황에 대한 성능은 양호하다. 다만 향후의 문제점으로서 시스템이 설치된 지역과 설치되지 않은 지역과의 용수사용량을 비교분석하는 작업으로 본 시스템의 경제적 효과 및 효율성을 증명할 필요가 있으며 본 시스템의 실용화시 시스템 사용방안에 대해서는 대규모 평야부와 저수지 지구의 물공급특성이 다르기 때문에 이를 감안한 시스템 구성을 할필요가 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.14.1-14.7
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit (TFRK) for the removal of broken endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 extracted human first mandibular molars with moderate root canal curvature were selected. Following access cavity preparation canal patency was established with a size 10/15 K-file in the mesiobuccal canals of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 40 teeth each: the P group (ProUltra tips) and the T group (TFRK). Each group was further subdivided into 2 smaller groups of 20 teeth each according to whether ProTaper F1 rotary instruments were fractured in either the coronal third (C constituting the PC and TC groups) or the middle third (M constituting the PM and TM groups). Instrument retrieval was performed using either ProUltra tips or the TFRK. Results: The overall success rate at removing the separated instrument was 90% in group P and 95% in group T (p > 0.05) The mean time for instrument removal was higher with the ultrasonic tips than with the TFRK (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both systems are acceptable clinical tools for instrument retrieval but the loop device in the TFRK requires slightly more dexterity than is needed for the ProUltra tips.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify clinical usefulness of Wide Beam Reconstruction (WBR) which is called Xpress.cardiac$^{TM}$ to confirm the agreement between segmental perfusion and regional wall motion in myocardium compared to conventional OSEM method. Materials and Methods: Subjects were separated two groups. First group was composed of 20 normal control group. Second group was composed of 10 patients (abnormal group) who had coronary artery disease. Subjects underwent myocardial perfusion SPECT ($^{201}Tl$ rest and $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI stress). Image acquisition and reconstruction were that rest stage was each step per 30, 15 seconds and stress stage was each step per 25, 13 seconds, OSEM and WBR methods were applied. Segmental perfusion and regional wall motion were applied 20-segment model of QPS, QGS algorithm in AutoQuant. Status of perfusion was composed of 5 point scoring system (0=normal, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe hypokinesia, 4=dyskinesia). Status of regional wall motion was also composed of 5 point scoring (0=normal, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe hypokinesia, 4=dyskinesia). We evaluated the agreement between conventional OSEM and WBR through automatic quantification value. Results: The agreement of rest segmental perfusion between conventional OSEM and WBR in normal patients was 99% (396/400, k=0.662, p<0.0001) and one of rest regional wall motion was 83.8% (335/400, k=0.283), the agreement of stress segmental perfusion was 95.8%(383/400, k=0.656), one of stress regional wall motion was 87.3% (349/400, k=0.390). The match rate of rest segmental perfusion in abnormal patients was 83% (166/200, k=0.605, p<0.0001) and one of rest regional wall motion was 55.5% (111/200, k=0.385), the agreement of stress segmental perfusion was 79.5% (159/200, k=0.682), one of stress regional wall motion was 63.5% (127/200, k=0.486). Conclusion: Compared to conventional OSEM, WBR method had a good agreement of segmental perfusion in myocardium in normal and abnormal groups. However regional wall motion showed meaningful low agreement. Although WBR offers high resolution and contrast ratio, it is not useful method for gated myocardial perfusion SPECT.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.262-272
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• 2000

As a part of investigation for basic epidemiology of diarrheogenic disease, we attempted isolation of Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhea. Seven hundred and twenty-one strains of E. coli were isolated from 1,239 patients with diarrhea. Seasonal distribution of patient with diarrhea was shown the most high at August (18.2%). Age group distribution of patient was shown the most high at children (54.6%, 2 to 10 years old). The serotypes of 721 E. coli isolates were in order of serotype O44 (16.8%), O153 (8.6%), O1 (7.5%), O166(5.7%), O8 and O86a (4.7%), and O125 (4.6%). The supernates cultured 36 strains among 721 E. coli isolates were indicated cytotoxicity against monolayered Vero cells. All of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin. The isolates were resistant in order of novobiocin (99.0%), moxalactam (97.1%), carbenicillin (96.1%), tetracycline (90.4%), ampicillin (85.9%), gentamicin (84.0%), streptomycin (78.4%), cephalothin (46.6%) and polymyxin B (4.2%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 125 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of E. coli isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-carbenicillin-chloramphenicol-cephalothin-erythro-mycin- gentamicin-moxalactam-novobiocin-penicillin G-streptomycin-tobramycin-tetracycline-tri methoprim type (24.3%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.820-826
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• 1988

The freezing point$(t_f)$, latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ and kinetic constant of fleering$(k_f)$ were determined from DSC thermogram at cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min{\sim}-10.0^{\circ}C/min$. The freezing point of various starches was decreased with an increase in cooling rate, and that of whole starches were lower than defatted starches. Changes of the latent heat of freezing was not observed at above cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min$. The latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ could be deduced as a function of water content(W) as follows: ${\triangle}\;H_f=0.700W-13.048$, (Kcal/kg) $(35%{\leqq}W{\leqq}70%)\;{\triangle}\;H_f=1.569W-73.861,\;(Kcal/kg)\;(W{\geqq}70%$) In the water content range $35{\sim}90$(wt %), the activation energy of various starches in freezing process was determined $126{\sim}270$ Kcal/mol.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

This paper presents architecture and control method of packet scheduler to guarantee QoS of high quality streaming services in high-speed packet-switched networks. Since streaming services need far more stringent QoS requirements than the typical sort of burst data applications, they should be guaranteed minimum bandwidth and end-to-end delay bound to each flow, regardless of the behavior of other flows. To meet these requirements, a packet scheduler isolate a flow from the undesirable effects of other flows and provides end-to-end delay guarantees for individual flow and divides stringently the available link bandwidth among flows sharing the link. Until now, many vendors are developing traffic management chips running at 10Gbps, but most of chips have drawbacks to support high quality streaming services. In this paper, we investigate the drawbacks of commercial TM chips and traffic characteristic of streaming services and present implementation frameworks of the proposed packet scheduler. Finally, we analyze the simulation results of the proposed scheduler.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.290-296
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• 2021

The effect of draw ratio (8, 10, 12, 14 times) and additive CaCO₃ content (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 wt%) on the properties of high-performance PE monofilament was investigated in this study. As the draw ratio increased (8-14 times), the melting enthalpy (ΔHf), crystallinity, specific gravity, and tensile strength increased significantly. However, the draw ratio had little effect on the melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc). The seawater fastness (stain and fade) of the hydrophobic PE monofilament prepared in this study showed an excellent grade of 4-5 in all draw ratios. To investigate the effect of the additive CaCO₃ content on the properties of high-performance PE monofilament, the draw ratio was fixed at 14 times. It was found that the tensile strength of the PE monofilament sample containing 0.5 wt% of CaCO₃ was much greater compared to the sample without CaCO₃, but the elongation of the sample containing 0.5 wt% of CaCO₃ was much less than the sample with 0 wt% CaCO₃. However, in the case of the sample containing more than 0.5 wt% CaCO₃, the tensile strength slightly decreased and the elongation slightly increased as the CaCO₃ content increased. The seawater fastness (stain and fade) of the hydrophobic PE monofilament showed excellent grades of 4-5, regardless of the amount of additives. From the above results, it was found that the maximum draw ratio of 14 times with an additive of 0.5 wt% CaCO₃ are the optimal conditions for manufacturing high-performance marine fusion materials with various fineness (denier) with high strength and low elongation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

Regional myocardial blood flow (rMBF) can be noninvasively quantified using N-13 ammonia and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET). The quantitative accuracy of the rMBF values, however, is affected by the distortion of myocardial PET images caused by finite PET image resolution and cardiac motion. Although different methods have been developed to correct the distortion typically classified as partial volume effect and spillover, the methods are too complex to employ in a routine clinical environment. We have developed a refined method incorporating a geometric model of the volume representation of a region-of-interest (ROI) into the two-compartment N-13 ammonia model. In the refined model, partial volume effect and spillover are conveniently corrected by an additional parameter in the mathematical model. To examine the accuracy of this approach, studies were performed in 9 coronary artery disease patients. Dynamic transaxial images (16 frames) were acquired with a GE $Advance^{TM}$ PET scanner simultaneous with intravenous injection of 20 mCi N-13 ammonia. rMBF was examined at rest and during pharmacologically (dipyridamole) induced coronary hyperemia. Three sectorial myocardium (septum, anterior wall and lateral wall) and blood pool time-activity curves were generated using dynamic images from manually drawn ROIs. The accuracy of rMBF values estimated by the refined method was examined by comparing to the values estimated using the conventional two-compartment model without partial volume effect correction rMBF values obtained by the refined method linearly correlated with rMBF values obtained by the conventional method (108 myocardial segments, correlation coefficient (r)=0.88). Additionally, underestimated rMBF values by the conventional method due to partial volume effect were corrected by theoretically predicted amount in the refined method (slope(m)=1.57). Spillover fraction estimated by the two methods agreed well (r=1.00, m=0.98). In conclusion, accurate rMBF values can be efficiently quantified by the refined method incorporating myocardium geometric information into the two-compartment model using N-13 ammonia and PET.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.131-141
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• 2001

Purpose: We evaluated the sensitivity of the F-18 FDG PET by visual assessment and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis for the localization of the epileptogenic zones in frontal lobe epilepsy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with frontal lobe epilepsy were examined. All patients exhibited improvements after surgical resection (Engel class I or II). Upon pathological examination, 18 patients revealed cortical dysplasia, 4 patients revealed tumor, and 2 patients revealed cortical scar. The hypometabolic lesions were found in F-18 FDG PET by visual assessment and SPM analysis. On SPM analysis, cutoff threshold was changed. Results: MRI showed structural lesions in 12 patients and normal results in the remaining 12. F-18 FDG PET correctly localized epileptogenic zones in 13 patients (54%) by visual assessment. Sensitivity of F-18 FDG PET in MR-negative patients (50%) was similar to that in MR-positive patients (67%). On SPM analysis, sensitivity decreased according to the decrease of p value. Using uncorrected p value of 0.05 as threshold, sensitivity of SPM analysis was 53%, which was not statistically different from that of visual assessment. Conclusion: F-18 FDG PET was sensitive in finding epileptogenic zones by revealing hypometabolic areas even in MR-negative patients with frontal lobe epilepsy as well as in MR-positive patients. SPM analysis showed comparable sensitivity to visual assessment and could be used as an aid in the diagnosis of epileptogenic zones in frontal lobe epilepsy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.242-248
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• 2007

Purpose: To study the effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on oral mucositis induced by cisplatin and radiotherapy in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four ICR mice were divided into three groups-the normal control group, the no rhEGF group (treatment with cisplatin and radiation) and the rhEGF group (treatment with cisplatin, radiation and rhEGF). A model of mucositis induced by cisplatin and radiotherapy was established by injecting mice with cisplatin (10 mg/kg) on day 1 and with radiation exposure (5 Gy/day) to the head and neck on days $1{\sim}5$. rhEGF was administered subcutaneously on days -1 to 0 (1 mg/kg/day) and on days 3 to 5 (1 mg/kg/day). Evaluation included body weight, oral intake, and histology. Results: For the comparison of the change of body weight between the rhEGF group and the no rhEGF group, a statistically significant difference was observed in the rhEGF group for the 5 days after day 3 of. the experiment. The rhEGF group and no rhEGF group had reduced food intake until day 5 of the experiment, and then the mice demonstrated increased food intake after day 13 of the of experiment. When the histological examination was conducted on day 7 after treatment with cisplatin and radiation, the rhEGF group showed a focal cellular reaction in the epidermal layer of the mucosa, while the no rhEGF group did not show inflammation of the oral mucosa. Conclusion: These findings suggest that rhEGF has a potential to reduce the oral mucositis burden in mice after treatment with cisplatin and radiation. The optimal dose, number and timing of the administration of rhEGF require further investigation.