• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.499-506
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• 2016

This study was conducted to estimate carbon stock and uptake for Larix kaempferi Lamb., the single species, which is the most widely distributed one following Pinus densiflora, using data from 6th national forest inventory and forest type map of 1:5,000. Overall distribution area of Larix kaempferi in South Korea was shown as 272,800ha, in detail, Gangwon-do was the most widely distributed region with 39.6% (108,141 ha) of the whole forest area, and Gyeongsangbuk-do was 18.6%(50,839 ha), Chungcheongbuk-do was 15.1%(41,205ha) in order. As the results of analysis in carbon stock and uptake for each province, the values were high with Gyeonggi-do 109.0 tC/ha, $10.3tCO_2/ha/yr$, Gangwon-do 349.1 tC/ha, $9.7tCO_2/ha/yr$ in order, and Jeollabuk-do was the lowest with 78.3 tC/ha, $7.6tCO_2/ha/yr$. Also, the results of estimation in total carbon stocks and uptakes by year (1989~2015) were turned out that total carbon stocks and uptakes were 24,891 thousand tC, $2,428thousand\;tCO_2$ in 2015, increasing about 4.8 times and 3.8 times each compared with 5,238 thousand C/ha, $640thousand\;CO_2$ in 1989. Although forest area was decreased 26.6% with 371,884 ha in 1989 to 272,800 ha in 2015, carbon stocks and uptakes were increased in 2015 in that forest stock was increased 126% compared to 1989.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.115-126
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• 2007

The tilting-train is very attractive to the railroad users in the world because it runs with high speed in curved track using pre-existing infrastructure. The tilting-train has a unique allowable speed and mechanism expecially in curved track. Therefore, it should be evaluated in terms of the stability of the train operation and roadbed. In this study, when the tilting-train is being operated with the allowable speed, the behavior of the roadbed is evaluated by examining the settlement and bearing capacity of the roadbed. Additionally, the stability of the roadbed is estimated in the condition of soft roadbed influenced by the weather effects and cyclic train loading. The numerical results show that the roadbed settlements satisfy the allowable settlement when Young's moduli of the upper roadbed and in-situ soil are more than $2,300t/m^2\;and\;3,300t/m^2$, respectively, in the continuous welded rail (CWR) and $3,800t/m^2\;and\;4,600t/m^2$, respectively, in the rail joint.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1998

Water vapor transmission was tested in water bath controlled by $20^{\cire}C$, 90%RH for T800/AD6005 based composite motor case which made by filament winding method. We detected internal relative humidity of composite motor case by inserting the humidity detector through the head of motor case for the study of humidity transmission through the wall of composite motor case. We found out that this composite material appears the water vapor flux of 2.88${\times}$$10^{-9}$g/$\textrm{m}^2$sec and diffusivity of 7.98${\times}$$10^{-7}$$\textrm{mm}^2$/sec at $20^{\cire}C$, 90%RH water vapor condition.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of two oxiracetam tablets, Neuromed tablet (Korea Drug Co., reference drug) and Neuracetam tablet (Sam Jin Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Release of oxiracetam from the tablet in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty-four healthy volunteers, $23.7\;{\pm}\;2.4$ year in age and $68.9\;{\pm}\;6.2$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was performed. After oral administration of a tablet containing 800 mg of oxiracetam, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of oxiracetam in plasma were determined using HPLC-MS-MS. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were very similar at all dissolution media. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug were 0.42%, 0.45% and -12.58% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log0.94{\sim}log1.06$ and $log0.90{\sim}log1.07$ for $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$, respectively), indicating that Neuracetam tablet is bioequivalent to Neuromed tablet. The major pharmacokinetic parameters, $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$ met the criteria set by KFDA for bioequivalence indicating that Neuracetam tablet is bioequivalent to Neuromed tablet.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2008

This study was performed to obtain fundamental information on growth adaptability and isoflavone contents of soybean cultivars in highland area of Korea. For this study, we cultivated nineteen cultivars and investigated yield and isoflavone contents. In Jinbu-myeon located at altitude of 600 m, most of cultivars showed more than 2.5 t/ha seed yield except three cultivars, and the range of isoflavone contents among nineteen cultivars was 715 to $2,545\;{\mu}g/g$. Cultivars with both high seed yield and isoflavone contents were Manrikong, Sinpaldalkong2, Cheongjakong, and Cheongjakong2 in this area. In Daegwallyeong-myeon located at altitude of 800 m, the range of seed yield and isoflavone contents was 1.4 to 2.4 t/ha and 437 to $2,370\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Cultivars with both high seed yield and isoflavone contents were Ilpumgeomjeongkong and Dooyookong in this area. Cultivars selected on the basis of seed yield and isoflavone contents in 2004 and 2005 showed also similar results for yield and isoflavone contents at farmer's field in highland area in 2006. In conclusion, it could be expected to produce soybeans having both higher yield and better quality if the selected soybean cultivars are cultivated in highland area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2019

It was reported that there were some cases in which signal was not inhibited but high signal appeared in cerebrospinal fluid on FLAIR(fluid attenuated inversion recovery) of MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in case a person inhales high-concentration oxygen. This study was to prepare basic database. We produced a phantom fixed with agar gel and by using it, obtained the images of the signals of normal saline into which oxygen was injected and normal saline diluted with contrast media by changing the TI(Inversion Time) of FLAIR technique and analyzed them. In the result of FLAIR technique of MRI using Philips Achieva MR 3.0T in Busan P Hospital, the SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) of normal saline into which oxygen was injected was higher than the SNR of normal saline into which oxygen was not injected. However, it was not higher than the SNR of normal saline diluted with contrast media. In the TI 1,800ms, we could obtain the images which do not have the rise of the signal due to oxygen. In the CNR(Contrast to Noise Ratio) of normal saline into which oxygen was injected and normal saline diluted with contrast media as well, it was higher in the TI 1,800ms than in the TI 2,800ms that is mainly used clinically. It is thought that the result of this study could be basic database for studies on change of signal of cerebrospinal fluid as a result of injection of oxygen in FLAIR technique of MRI.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.157-168
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the offsets of pyroligneous acid on the growth of ‘Penncross’Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and to propose the practical use for ecologically responsive management in Korean golf courses. In the plots affected by 300, 500, and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid, the turfgrass growth increment and the visual quality were measured at fixed periods. The data were subjected to paired samples T-test. The results summarized are as follows； 1) In leaf growth increment, density, and root spread depth, turfgrass affected by 500 and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid were superior to the control continually. It was reliable in the statistics. Especially, 500 times diluted solutions was superior to the others. 2) In color, texture, uniformity, and recuperative strength, the visual quality of turfgrass affected by 500 and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid were superior to the control continually. It was reliable in the statistics except the recuperative strength. Espe-cially, 500 times diluted solutions tended to be superior to the others. 3) There was no symptom of a disease in all plots. The existing management was thought to be suitable in this golf course. 500 and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid were not thought to trigger or promote a disease, 4) After investigating the effect of pyroligneous acid on turfgrass growth, the soils of all plots were analyzed. In all plots, the chemical properties of the soils were not changed obviously. 5) Considering the results mentioned above, the practical use of 500 and 800 times diluted solutions might decrease the amount of nutrients and agricultural chemicals used in golf courses as well as promote turfgrass growth in golf courses.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out during the period from May to October 1998 to determine the effect of fermented sawdust swine manure application (SSM) on the herbage production of Japanese millet and soil properties in the Cheju brown volcanic ash soil. The randomized block design (T1 : basic chemical fertilizer, N 200 kg/ha + $P_2O_5\;300 kg/ha+K_2O$ 200kg/ha ; T2 : 1/2 basic chemical fertilizer, N $100+P_2O_5\;150+K_2O$ 100kg/ha; T3 : 1/2 basic SSM, N 100kg/ha, T4:basic SSM, N 200kg/ha; T5:2 times basic SSM, N 400 kg/ha ; T6:4 times basic SSM, N 800 kg/ha) was used. At the same application level of nitrogen 200kg/ha, the application of $100\%$ chemical fertilizer (T1) had significantly lower dry matter yield than that of $50\%$ chemical fertilizer and $50\%$ SSM (T2) or $100\%$ SSM (T4)(p<0.01). Dry matter yield increased with an increase of SSM application to N 400kg/ha level but decreased at N 800 kg/ha level. P, K and Ca contents of Japanese millet tended towards to decrease with an increase of SSM level. The application of chemical fertilizer lowered P and K content of Japanese millet in comparison with that of SSM (p<0.05). pH, available phosphorus. exchangeable potassium, Ca and Mg content of soil studied showed a significant increase with an increase of SSM application level (p<0.05). However, at the same application level of N 200kg/ha, there was statistically no significant difference between chemical fertilizer and SSM in those contents of soil after experiment. The bacterial number of soil among microbial population increased with an increase of SSM level, in June, 1998 (p<0.05), but there was no regular tendency, in October. The rate of bacteria to fungus in soil had a tendency to decrease with an increase of SSM level. In conclusion, it is recommended to use N 400kg/ha of SSM or N 100 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer+N 100 kg/ha of SSM for Japanese millet.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 1995

In this study, the damage to a concrete br~dge pier due to flre caused by the fall of an oil truck were investigated by the use of FEM and by tensile tests for reinfortements. And thtse results were analyzed and compared with the measured values. In the FEM calculations, the selected variable was the fire temperature $T_a=500-800^{\circ}C$. The fixed values were the heat transition coefficient ${\alpha}=2000W/m^2{\cdot}K$. the initial temperature of concrete $T_0=5{\circ}C$ and the fire duration t=30 minutes. As the results obtained from numerical calculations, the property darrlage zone ap,)eared to be 1.5-4.1cm and the structure damage zone appeared to be 8.7- 10.1cm from the concrete surface. And this results give values very similar to those measured, nanlelv 2-4cm and 8~10cm respectively. The results frorn tensile tests give no serious loss of the tensile strength.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2001

목적： 초상자성 nano-particle 조영제의 자기이완효과에 관한 out sphere 기전에 기초하여 각각의 자기장의 세기에서 T1/T2 자기이완율을 나타내는 NMRD profile을 수치적으로 simulation 하는 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법： 초상자성 nano-particle 조영제의 경우 초상자성 물질을 생체적합성 고분자로 표면 coating하기 때문에 상자성 조영제와는 달리 전적으로 "out sphere"기여도만을 고려하였고 또한 초상자성 물질의 경우 자기적 에너지의 크기가 매우 크기 때문에 상자성 조영제의 기전에서 사용되는 "low field"근사를 사용할 수 없으므로 Brillouin 함수로 표현되는 총자화에 대한 표현을 적용하였다. nano-particle내에 포함된 Fe 원자수에 따른 T1 및 T2 NMRD Profile과 온도에 따른 T1 및 T2 NMRD Profile 그리고 초상자성 nano-particle size에 따른 T1 및 T2 NMR Profile을 PC (CPU=800 Mhz, memory=128 MB) 환경하에서 symbolic computation tool 인 MathCad (MathCad, USA)를 사용하여 구현하였다.