• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.403-424
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and radioprotective effects of Kamisasammaekmundongtang(KSMT), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In cytotoxicity against P388, A549 and B16-F10, KSMT was not showed satisfiable cytotoxicity as compared with control. 2. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I, KSMT has strong inhibitory effect. 3. The inhibitory effect on adhesion of A549 to complex extracellular matrix was significantly increased at 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml of KSMT. 4. The T/C% was 122 in KSMT treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 5. In antiangiogenetic effect on CAM assay, inhibitory rate was 33% in KSMT treated group. 6. In pulmonary colonization assay, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in KSMT treated group as compared with control group. 7. By FACS analysis of splenic leukocyte after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, T-helper cell, B cell and macrophage in KSMT treated group were significantly increased while splenocytes were decreased in control group. 8. In histological changes of jejunum of $Bald{\setminus}C$ mice after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, exclusion and fusion of villi were decreased as compared with control group. But in duodenum and ileum, exclusion and fusion of villi were not decreased as compared with control group. 9. WBC, PLT were increased in KSMT treated group as compared with control group after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, but the increasing effect was not significant. Above results suggest that KSMT may be useful in prevention of cancer metastasis and protection from damage by radiotherapy. But the further study of KSMT would be demanded.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.395-408
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• 2011

The study which it sees exclusions the copper and the zinc which contain in pig sludge, It study pig sludge resources fertilizer production which are rational, pig sludge resources fertilizers after seeding, silage corn it investigates growth characteristics and forage value, the result which investigates pig sludge resources fertilizers effectiveness with afterwards is same. With fertilizer ingredients in pig sludge chemical qualities, the content of the nitrogen and the phosphoric acid comes 4.4% to be 6.29%, pH 7.02 and content of the copper and the zinc which is a heavy metal which contains in pig sludge with 805 mg/kg and 1,704 mg/kg, it is a restrictive standard of the fertilizer, 300 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg it sees to be high, it manufactures citric acid 1 hydrate with the organic acid solution, heavy metals of pig sludge where it is a mixture ratio of the organic acid solution, it divides to 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% 4 kind levels, the result which measures the heavy metal exclusion ratio of the copper and the zinc, the mixture ratio of the organic acid solution to be many exclusion ratio of the copper and the zinc is showing a just interrelation, from organic acid solution 100% level content of pig sludge remains copper and zinc 330.03 mg/kg and 41.28 mg/kg, it shows the exclusion ratio of copper 59% zinc 97%. 'Cheonganok' growth characteristics with citric acid 1 hydrate, Treatment 2 and control growth characteristics etc, it exclusion the copper and the zinc it doesn't appear on significant difference statistically but, treatment 3 after only pig sludge in resources disposal where it seeding, growth characteristics of leaf area etc. is badness, it compares in control and treatment 2 the growth characteristics badness, it is appearing, it is caused by with disease and insects occurrence of $Ostrinia$ $furnacalis$ and brown spot, the damage was many. From forage value, Treatment 2 where it exclusion the heavy metal with the citric acid 1 hydrate with control it compares and there are not significant difference from crude protein and ADF and NDF contents etc., seeding only Pig Sludge in resources disposal treatment 3, it is caused by with $Ostrinia$ $furnacalis$ etc., trunk and aging of the leaf to be high ADF content is low. but from crude protein, the nitrogen ingredient which pig sludge has and interrelation it seemed and high numerical value were confirmed.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.257-268
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• 2008

Species composition, standing crop and dominant species of phytoplankton were investigated at 6 sites of Galgok stream and Incheon river which run into Gomso Bay, Jeollanam-do in April, August and November 2007. Total of 210 taxa were found which were classified as 6 classes, 12 orders, 25 families, 66 genera, 177 species, 27 varieties, 5 forms and 1 unidentified species. These river and stream had lower concentration of T-N and T-P compared to that of others; however, the site 2 of Galgok stream in summer was hypertrophic in T-P and also near hypertrophic in TN, and the site 1 in Incheon river during fall appeared to be hypertrophic in T-N, and the site 3 in summer showed near hypertrophic level in T-P. Determining the trophic status of the water quality based on chlorophyll a (chl-a), the site 3 of Galgok stream in spring and the site 3 of Incheon river in fall were oligotrophic; moreover, 6 sites including the site 2 and 3 of Galgok stream in summer were mesotrophic, and 9 sites including all sites of Galgok stream in fall turned out to be eutrophic. Particularly, the site 1 of Galgok stream in summer was hypertrophic, having 58.19 mg chl-a m$^{-3}$. There was a conspicuous difference between two values of standing crops based on chl-a and cell counting. This discrepancy may have occurred because of abundant cyanophytes and exclusion of picoplankton cells in cell counting. In the study, 5 cyanophytes, Synechocystis aquatilis, Microcystis aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, Oscillatoria angustissima, O. limnetica and 2 diatoms, Thalassiosira bramaputrae and Navicula viridula var. rostellata were abundant. Based on the T-N, T-P values, standing crops and cell counting in Galgok stream and Incheon river were between mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.30.1-30.8
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• 2023

Metformin is a treatment used widely for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with few side effects and acts by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Lymphoma is one of the most common hematological malignancies in dogs. Chemotherapy is used mainly on lymphoma, but further research on developing anticancer drugs for lymphoma is needed because of its severe side effects. This study examined the anticancer effects of metformin alone and in combination with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog, on EL4 cells (mouse T cell lymphoma). Metformin reduced the metabolic activity of EL4 cells and showed an additive effect when combined with 2-DG. In addition, cell death was confirmed using a trypan blue exclusion test, Hochest 33342/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and Annexin V/PI staining. An analysis of the cell cycle and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) to investigate the mechanism of action showed that metformin stopped the G2/M phase of EL4 cells, and metformin + 2-DG decreased MMP. Metformin exhibited anticancer effects as a G2/M phase arrest mechanism in EL4 cells and showed additive effects when combined with 2-DG via MMP reduction. Unlike cytotoxic chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs, metformin and 2-DG are related to cellular glucose metabolism and have little toxicity. Therefore, metformin and 2-DG can be an alternative to reduce the toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, research is needed to verify the in vivo efficacy of metformin and 2-DG before they can be used in lymphoma treatments.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

The human genome project decoded 99% of human genes for $ 3 billion by 1990-2003. However, as many studies on genes have progressed, it has become clear that there are many cases where diseases occur without structural alteration of genes. The latest study, Epigenetics, has come up with the answer to this problem. The famine that hit Jeju until 1670-1795, the ban on the exclusion of Jeju Island to the outside 200 years of suffering, and in 1948, one third of the citizens were killed by the 4.3 incident generate Epigenetic. It has been shown in the world history science that starving-stress can be manifested as obesity and disease in progeny due to hereditary phenomena. 5G-based healthcare IoT technology can be used for the treatment of obesity by enabling Epigenetic analysis of this phenomenon.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

Purpose: Despite an increased acceptance of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in early gastric cancer (EGC), there is insufficient evidence for its oncological safety in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This is a prospective phase II clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of LG with D2 lymph node dissection (LND) in AGC. Materials and Methods: The primary endpoint was set as 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). The eligibility criteria were as follows: 20-80 years of age, cT2N0-cT4aN3, American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or less, and no other malignancy. Patients were enrolled in this single-arm study between November 2008 and May 2012. Exclusion criteria included cT4b or M1, or having final pathologic results as EGC. All patients underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. Three-year DFS rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 157 patients were enrolled. The overall local complication rate was 10.2%. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 11 patients (7.0%). The mean follow-up period was $55.0{\pm}20.4months$ (1-81 months). The cumulative 3-year DFS rates were 76.3% for all stages, and 100%, 89.3%, 100%, 88.0%, 71.4%, and 35.3% for stage IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, respectively. Recurrence was observed in 37 patients (23.6%), including hematogenous (n=6), peritoneal (n=13), locoregional (n=1), distant node (n=8), and mixed recurrence (n=9). Conclusions: In addition to being technically feasible for treatment of AGC in terms of morbidity, LG with D2 LND for locally advanced gastric cancer showed acceptable 3-year DFS outcomes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.680-685
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• 2004

The capability of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells and vaginal epithelial cells is an important factor in the formation of a barrier to prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the ability to coaggregate with pathogens and production of antimicrobial agents also allow LABs to fight against pathogens. In this work, Weissella confusa PL9001 was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth and adherence of genitourinary pathogens, including Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), isolated from the urine of hospitalized female patients. W. confusa PL9001 was found to coaggregate with the four pathogens, as observed with a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In competition, exclusion, and displacement tests, the adherence of the pathogens to T24 bladder epithelial cells was also inhibited by W. confusa PL9001. Accordingly, these results suggest that W. confusa PL9001 is potentially useful for both preventive and therapeutic treatment of genitourinary infections.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various addition and exclusion time of glucose (Control: no addition, A: 24～72 h, B: 24～48 h, C: 48～72 h, D: 0～72 h, E: 0～48 h, F: 0～24 h and 48～72 h, G: 0～24 h) on embryonic developmental capacity of 2-cell embryos in mice. Developed blastocysts were assessed for mean cell number by differential staining. The zona-intact blastocyst (ZiB) rates were higher (p<0.05) in group B than control. However, the zona-escape blastocyst (ZeB) rates were not significantly different in all groups. At 72 h, total blastocyst (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates were not significantly different in all groups. The mean cell number was not significantly different among all groups. The inner cell mass (ICM) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in group F than control, group A, B and G. The trophectoderm (TE) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than group A and D. The %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in group C, D and F than control. The ICM : TE ratio was not significantly different in all groups. Between control and glucose group, no significant difference was observed in the total blastocysts (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates. Also, no significant difference was observed in the mean cell number, ICM cell number and ICM : TE ratio. However the TE cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than glucose group and %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in glucose group than control. In conclusion, glucose added in culture medium was not inhibitory on blastocyst formation but glucose added for 48 ～72 h in culture medium increases %ICM of blastocysts in mice.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.396-401
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• 1995

As a part of trials to develop the antitumor agent from tannins isolated from plants, the antitumor activity of peduculagin, an ellagitannin, isolated from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla was examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the cytotoxicity was determined by 0.4% typanblue dye exclusion method. peduculagin showed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K-562), human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), mouse lymphoid neoplasm (P388), mouse lymphocytic leukemia (L1210) and mouse sarcoma 180(S180) cell lines. $ED_{50}\; values\; (ED_{50})$ of each cell line were 5.30, 0.92, 2.78, 9.35 and $1.38 \mug/ml$ respectively. The most sensitive cell line was HL-60. In vivo, pedunculagin was administered to ICR mouse with the doses of 50 and $100{\;}{\mu}g/ml$intraperitoneally once at 20 days before S180 inoculation. peduculagin showed the antitumor activity and its T/C ratio (%) was 120.82% in the group of both concentrations.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 1999

To evaluate radioprotective effects of Kamisagoonjatang(KST), Kamijihwangtang (KJT) and Kamigoonjajihwangtang(KKJT), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. By FACS analysis after exposure to radiation by Liniac, T cell and T-helper cell were significantly increased in KST treated group and also B cell and macrophage in KJT treated group while splenocytes were significantly decreased in control group. 2. WBC, PLT were significantly increased in KKJT treated group as compared with control group after exposure to radiation by Liniac. 3. In histological changes of jejunum of $BALB{\backslash}C$ mice after after exposure to radiation by Liniac, exclusion and fusion of villi were decreased in all groups as compared with control group. 4. In the observation of morphological changes by SEM and TEM after radiation by Liniac, KKJT, KJT and KST inhibited demage of internal structures such as mitochondria, ESR and golgi of jejunum cells in order as compared with control group. From above results it was concluded that KJT, KST and KKJT could be usefully applied for protection from damage by radiotherapy to cancer.