• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1995

Let $S^{n+p}$(c) be the (n + p)-dimensional Euclidean sphere of constant curva ture c and let M be an n-dimensional compact minimal submanifold isometric ally immersed in $S^{n+p}$(c). Let $A_\xi$ be the second fundamental form of M in the direction of a normal $\xi$ and T the tensor defined by $T(\xi, \eta) = traceA_\xi A_\eta$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1981

Four-day bioassay method was used in this study to find out toxicity levels of DDT and PCP. From this study it was found that M. chrysophekadion was the most sensitive to DDT with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0044 mg/l followed by P. Sutchi with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0056 mg/l, and the most resistant was C. Siamensis with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0133 mg/l. In the case of PCP, it was also found that M. Chrysophekadion and P. Sutchi were the first and second most sensitive to PCP with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.065mg/l PCP and 0.125mg/l PCP respectively, as in the case of DDT study. T. Nilotica was found to be the most resistant to PCP with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.264mg/l PCP. The resistant power of fish to pollution varies with the species of fish and the types of pollutants. In order of decreasing sensitivity of fish to DDT based on TL sub(m), the following sequence is obtained M. Chrysophekadion, P. Sutchi, T Nilotica, P. Gonionotus, K. Bicirrhis, L. Bicolor, C. Carpio, R. Heteromorpha, C. Siamensis while in the case of PCP, M. Chrysophekadion, P. sutchi, L. Bicolor, K. Bicirrhis, P. Gonionotus (R. Heteromorpha, R. Trilineata), C. Siamensis, C. Carpio, T. Nilotica.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1999

In recent years increasing production and disposal of wastewater have caused an accelerated eutrophication of receiving waters. Therefore, in order to alleviate the detrimental impact of wastewater discharge, there is an increasing demand for removing the main nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as the organic content of the waste water prior to disposal. This is effectively achieved by extended conventional treatment technology. However, the working expenses and energy requirements of such advanced treatment systems are rather high. So in a sparsely populated rural community is required development of wastewater treatment system combined with the regional characteristics. In this study, the systems are planted with Reeds and Amaryllis In A.C and estimated purification potential of system. The results obtained are as follows. BOD removal rate is 20% in the early stage, the last removal rate is 35% in A.C process and is 65% in Amaryllis+A.C process and is 50% in Reed+A.C process. T-N removal rate by Amaryllis is average 2.6g/$m^3$ㆍd, T-N removal rate by Reed is average 1.76g/$m^3$ㆍd. T-P removal rate by Amaryllis is average 0.27g/$m^3$ㆍd, T-P removal rate by Reed is average 0.25g/$m^3$ㆍd. BOD removal rate constant with retention time is 1.4494(1/d), T-N removal rate constant is 0.5428(1/d), T-P removal rate constant is 0.5287(1/d).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient level and feeding method of split diets for a.m. and p.m. on laying hen performance, feed cost and eggshell quality. In experiment 1, 384 ISA Brown layers of 30∼38wk of age were assigned to four treatments which comprise of three replicates each containing 32 birds. The control(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet groups(T1, T2 and T3) were offered high energy/protein-low Ca diets, and low energy/protein-high Ca diets in a.m.(04:00∼15:00) and p.m.(15:00∼21:00), respectively. In the split diet groups, daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were significantly reduced(P<0.05) compared to the C, while the hen-day egg production, average egg weight and daily feed intake were not different among treatments. Due to the reduced daily ME and CP intakes and feed cost, the conversions of feed, ME, CP and feed cost required per day and per kg egg mass were also significantly improved(P<0.05) in the split diet groups. Eggshell qualities (egg specific gravity, egg breaking strength and eggshell thickness) were improved(P<0.05) by split diet feeding. As the Ca level of the p.m. diet increased. In Experiment 2, 384 ISA Brown layers of 50∼58 wk of age were used in three treatments and each treatment was represented by four replicates each containing 32 birds. The control(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet group(T1) was offered high energy/protein-low Ca diets, and low energy/protein-high Ca diets in a.m.(04:00∼l5:00) and p.m.(15:00∼21:00), respectively. T2 group was fed the diet mixed (50:50) with the a.m. diets in mash and p.m. diet in pellet used T1 group. In T1 and T2 groups, daily feed intake and average egg weight were significantly reduced(P<0.05) compared to the C, while the hen-day egg production was not influenced by the feeding system. Daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were reduced(p.0.05), and the conversions of ME, CP and feed cost required per egg were also significantly improved(P<0.05) in T1 and T2, while the conversions of feed, ME, CP and feed cost required per kg egg mass were not different to the C. Eggshell qualities of T1 and T2 were improved(P<0.05) compared to the others. It was concluded the feed and nutrients consumption, feed cost per day or per kg egg mass could be reduced by introducing split diets for a.m. and p.m. and the feeding method of mixed diet of split diets were also convenient and effective for sparing feed cost and improvement of eggshell quality.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

Ethanolic extracts of T. cordifolia and C. asiatica were evaluated for immunostimulatory effect in mice against sheep RBCs as antigen by three models viz. delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, ercent change in neutrophil count and haemagglutination titre. Immunostimulatory effect in the presence of immunosuppressant agent, cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was also investigated. T. cordifolia and C. asiatica significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 respectively) enhanced foot pad thickness when measured after 24 hours of sheep RBC antigen challenge. Both the plant materials increased foot pad thickness even after being subjected to immunosuppressant exposure. T. cordifolia revealed enhanced neutrophil counts, while C. asiatica had no significant effect on neutrophil counts. T. cordifolia exhibited significantly (P < 0.01) elevated neutrophil levels even in the presence of cyclophosphamide administration. Both the plants exhibited humoral antibody response, as haemagglutination titre values were significantly high as compared to control. T. cordifolia and C. asiatica could combat immunosuppressant effect of cyclophosphamide (P < 0.01). This suggests that T. cordifolia and C. asiatica can be regarded as biological response modifiers and can be utilized for the development of immunostimulating agent among plant sources.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.333-337
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• 1997

Trans-cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase(tC4H) is the first cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The roots of avocado seedlings were wounded and examined to determine whether the tC4H would be activated in response to wounding and/or whether tC4H activity be modulated by the application of exogenous p-coumarate. At the specified length of times, the wounded and treated roots were either frozen in liquid nitrogen or used immediately to extract microsomal proteins. The microsomal proteins were subjected to immunoblot analysis using polyclonal antibodies against CYP73 of tC4H gene. In this study, tC4H was induced in wounded roots sealed in bags within 6 hours, and in low level({TEX}$10^{-8}${/TEX}M) of p-coumarate solution within 24 hours, whereas the olution without p-coumarate and high levels of p-coumarate solution repressed tC4H induction in wounded roots. These results indicate that tC4H is induced by wounding in the root of avocado, and is inhibited by the application of exogenous p-coumarate.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.331-340
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• 1998

We define the spherical non-commutative torus $L_{\omega}$/ as the crossed product obtained by an iteration of l crossed products by actions of, the first action on C( $S^{2n＋l}$). Assume the fibres are isomorphic to the tensor product of a completely irrational non-commutative torus $A_{p}$ with a matrix algebra $M_{m}$ ( ) (m > 1). We prove that $L_{\omega}$/ $M_{p}$ (C) is not isomorphic to C(Prim( $L_{\omega}$/)) $A_{p}$ $M_{mp}$ (C), and that the tensor product of $L_{\omega}$/ with a UHF-algebra $M_{p{\infty}}$ of type $p^{\infty}$ is isomorphic to C(Prim( $L_{\omega}$/)) $A_{p}$ $M_{m}$ (C) $M_{p{\infty}}$ if and only if the set of prime factors of m is a subset of the set of prime factors of p. Furthermore, it is shown that the tensor product of $L_{\omega}$/, with the C＊-algebra K(H) of compact operators on a separable Hilbert space H is not isomorphic to C(Prim( $L_{\omega}$/)) $A_{p}$ $M_{m}$ (C) K(H) if Prim( $L_{\omega}$/) is homeomorphic to $L^{k}$ (n)$\times$ $T^{l'}$ for k and l' non-negative integers (k > 1), where $L^{k}$ (n) is the lens space.$T^{l'}$ for k and l' non-negative integers (k > 1), where $L^{k}$ (n) is the lens space.e.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.525-531
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this experiment is to better understand the nitrogen and phosphorus removal ratio according to operating conditions in an iron electrolysis system consisting of an anoxic basin, aerobic basin, and iron precipitation apparatus. Methods: Iron electrolysis consists of an iron precipitation reactor composed of iron plates in oxic and anoxic basins. We studied the interrelation coefficient between T-N and T-P removal rates and F/M ratio, and the C/N ratio and BOD removal rate. Results: The F/M ratio and the T-N and T-P removal rate per unit area have interrelation coefficients of 0.362 and 0.603, respectively. The removal rate per MLVSS and the T-N and T-P removal rate per unit area have respective interrelation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.59. Conclusions: The removal rate of T-N and T-P increased with the increasing F/M ratio in the influent, and they also linearly increased in proportion to the C/N ratio of influent and BOD removal rate of the reactor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

This text was experimented and investigated the optimum production time and germination characteristics of seed that collect in Korean Chungnam, in order to offer the basic informations for slope restoration and revegetation using Poaceae plant. Optimum time of seed production was mid-late October of Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, early November to late October of Themeda triandra var. japonica and M. sacchariflorus, and mid November of Phragmites communis. Epiphytic amount of seed full ripe was the most times in mid October of M. sinensis, P. alopecuroides and M. sacchariflorus, early November of T. triandra var. japonica, and mid November of P. communis. Seed rate of maturity was the highest times in early November of M. sinensis, P. alopecuroides and M. sacchariflorus, and mid November of T. triandra var. japonica and P. communis. Germination rate by seed collection time was the highest times in early October of M. sacchariflorus, mid October of T. triandra var. japonica, early November of M. sinensis and mid November of P. communis. Germination days by seed production time was the shortest times in early November of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, mid November of T. triandra var. japonica and P. communis. Optimum temperature of germination was $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ in M. sinensis and P. alopecuroides, $25^{\circ}C$ in T. triandra var. japonica, and $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ in P. communis.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 1986

The montane forests of Ulreung Island, Korea, were investigated by the ZM school method. By comparing the montane forests of this island with those of Korean Peninsula and of Japan, a new order, F a g e t a l i a m u l t i n e r v i s, a new alliance, F a l g i o n m u l t i n e r v i s, a new association, H e p a t i c o-F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s and Rhododendron brachycarpum-Pinus parviflora community were recognized. The H e p a t i c o - F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s was further subdivided into four subassociations; Subass. of Sasa kurilensis, Subass. of Rumohra standishii, Subass. of Rhododendron brachycarpum and Subass. of typicum. Each community was described in terms of floristic, structural and environmental features.