• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2011

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate endometrial histology and to find predictable clinical factors for endometrial disease (hyperplasia or cancer) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We investigated the endometrial histology and analyzed the relationship between endometrial histology and clinical parameters, such as LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, fasting and 2 hours postprandial glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, body mass index, endometrial thickness, menstrual status from 117 women with PCOS. Statistical analysis was performed with chi square and t-test, p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. And receiver operating characteristic curve was used to find predictable clinical factors for endometrial disease and to decide the cuff off values. Results: In 117 women with PCOS, endometrial histologic profiles are as follows: proliferative phase in 90 women (76.9%), endometrial hyperplasia in 25 women (21.4%), and endometrial cancer in 2 women (1.7%). Of 25 women with endometrial hyperplasia, simple hyperplasia without atypia, complex hyperplasia without atypia and complex hyperplasia with atypia were diagnosed in 15 (12.8%), 6 (5.1%), 4 (3.4%) women, respectively. Age and endometrial thickness were significantly related with endometrial disease, p=0.013 and p=0.001, respectively. At the cut off level of 25.5 years in age, sensitivity and specificity predicting for endometrial disease were 70.4% and 55.6%, respectively (p=0.023). At the cut off level of 8.5 mm in endometrial thickness, sensitivity and specificity were 77.8% and 56.7%, respectively (p=0.000). Conclusion: In women with PCOS, the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer were 21.4% and 1.7%. The age and endometrial thickness may be used as clinical determining factors for endometrial biopsy.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the predictive relationships between predictors [(difficulty on daily activities due to arthritis, falls, and pain, grip strength, and activities of daily living (ADLs)], and perceived health in community-living older adults in Korea. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were obtained from Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing conducted in 2006. A stratified sample was selected of 5,545 older adults who were over 60 years old for analysis of this study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regressions were used. Result: Mean age was 70.27 years (SD=7.27) ranged from 60 and 105 years old. Perceived health was significantly associated with grip strength, and ADL. With multiple regression, all main variables explained 22.1% for perceived health. Difficulty on daily activities due to pain was the strongest predictor on perceived health. Grip strength, ADLs, gender, and difficulty on daily activities due to arthritis and falls were also significant predictors on perceived health. Conclusion: When developing nursing intervention to improve perceived health in older adults, their difficulties on daily activities, grip strength, and ADLs should be assessed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2007

Objectives : To identify the effects of supplemental private health insurance on health care utilization and expenditure under the mandatory National Health Insurance(NHI) system in Korea. Methods : The data were collected by the National Cancer Center in Korea. Cancer patients who were newly diagnosed with stomach (ICD code, C16), lung(C33-C34), liver (C22), colorectal cancer(C18-C20) or breast(C50) cancer were included as study subjects. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire from face-to-face interviews, the hospital Order Communication System (OCS) and medical records. Clinical, socio-demographic and private health insurance related factors were also gathered. The differences of health care utilization and expenditure were compared between those who have private health insurance and those who do not using t-test and multivariable regression analysis. Results : Individuals with private health insurance spent larger inpatient costs than those without, but no differences were found in utilization in other service such as hospital admissions, hospital days and physician visits. Conclusions : We found that private health insurance exerts a significant effect on the health care expenditure in inpatient service. These study results can provide a rational basis to plan a national health policy regarding private health insurance. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of private health insurance on cancer patients' outcomes and survival rates.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.31-41
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• 2013

The use of energy pile foundation has increased for economic utilization of geothermal energy. In particular, coil-shaped ground heat exchanger (GHE) is preferred to the conventional U-shaped exchanger to ensure better efficiency of heat exchange rate. This paper presents a numerical and experimental study on the heat transfer behavior of PHC energy piles. Field thermal performance tests (TPTs) were conducted for the PHC energy piles installed in a partially saturated weathered granite soil deposit, in which two types of GHEs were considered: W and coil shaped GHEs. Besides, three-dimensional finite element analyses were also conducted, and the results were compared with the experimental results. According to the results of TPT and numerical analyses, the coil shaped GHE showed 10~15% higher heat exchange rate than the W type GHE in the PHC energy piles.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

This paper presents the investigation of dynamic behavior of a single pile in dry sand based on 1g shaking table tests. The natural frequency of soil-pile system was measured, and then a range of loading frequency was determined based on the natural frequency. Additionally, the studies were performed by controlling loading accelerations, pile head mass and connectivity conditions between pile and cap. Based on the results obtained, relatively larger pile head displacement and bending moment occur when the loading frequency is larger than the natural frequency of soil-pile system. However, the slope of the p-y curve is smaller in the similar loading frequency. Also, it was found that inertia force like input acceleration and pile head mass, and relation of the natural frequency of soil-pile system and input frequency have a great influence on the slope of dynamic p-y curve, while pile head conditions don't.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.16-23
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• 2017

Purposes: Despite the positive health effects of both smokers and non-smokers, the non-smoking area policy is being negatively evaluated because of the vague fears of declining restaurant sales. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in sales of general restaurants(including liquor stores) and other restaurants that are considered to have the most applications of smoking cessation policy among the smoking facilities, and to examine the economic impact of the designation and expansion policies of non-smoking areas. Methodology: This study used the wholesale and retail trade survey data of the Korea National Statistical Office from 2011 to 2014 and analyzed 31,577 restaurants excluding missing values. For statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA and Difference-in-differences(DID) models were used and the interaction term of area and year was entered. Findings: As the non-smoking area policy had been designated and expanded from December 2012 to December 31 2013, high restaurant sales in 2012 declined sharply in 2013. However, despite the expanding of the no-smoking area from January 1 2014 through December 31 2014, restaurant sales slightly recovered in 2014. In the case of other restaurants, there is no significant change in sales since the start of the policy in 2013. Practical Implications: The decline in restaurant sales due to the designation and expansion of non-smoking areas is temporary and can not be sustained over the long term. This result can be used to positively suggest negative perceptions of the designation and expansion policy of non-smoking areas. Also, this result can contribute to health promotion and smoking cessation policies by protecting non-smokers from the risk of secondhand smoking exposure and inducing smokers to decrease smoking rate and smoking amount.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2013

Objectives: The present study was carried out to develop and evaluate comprehensive health care program to prevent infectious disease and promote health in child-care centers by Doctor of Korean medicine. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design study was conducted on 568 children and 85 child care teacher at 12 child care facilities for 12 weeks from July to October 2012. The program was consist of management, education, screening under concepts of traditional preventive medicine, Yangsaeng and Chimibyeong. Children's medical utilization due to infectious disease and attendance means functional status were measured by reports from parents. The Difference in difference(DID) estimator was applied data analysis, and added Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. Also, attitudes on the infection of teacher was measured and analyzed through t-test. Results: After the intervention, the total medical utilization due to infectious disease decreased, but not significantly. Total absence, early leave and lateness decreased significantly. But, Attitude on the infection of child care teacher was not changed. The parent's satisfaction showed positive overall. Conclusions: The intervention program may be effective in preventing infectious disease and managing health in child-care center partially. To measure long-term effect, long-term study improved is requested.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the hip internal rotation on gluteal and erector spinae muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during treadmill walking. Eleven healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects performed treadmill walking while maintaining the hip in neutral position (condition 1) and in internal rotation (condition 2). Surface EMG activity was recorded from four muscles (gluteus maximus (GM), gluteus medius (GMED), tensor fascia latae (TFL), and erector spinae (ES)) and the hip internal rotation angle was measured using a three dimensional motion analysis system. The gait cycle was determined with two foot switches, and stance phase was normalized as 100% stance phase (SP) for each condition using the MatLab 7.0 program. The normalized EMG activities according to the hip rotation (neutral or internal rotation) were compared using a paired t-test. During the entire SP of treadmill walking, the EMG activities of GM in condition 1 were significantly greater than in condition 2 (p<.05). The EMG activities of TFL and ES in condition 2 were significantly greater than in condition 1 (p<.05). The EMG activities of the GMED in condition 1 were significantly greater than in condition 1 (p>.05) except for 80~100% SP. Further studies need randomized control trials regarding the effect of hip internal rotation on the hip and lumbar spine muscle activity. Kinetic variables during gait or going up and down stairs are also needed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.16-21
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contralateral hip adduction (CHA) on the muscle activity of lumbar stabilizers and the angle of pelvic lateral tilting during hip abduction in side lying. Twenty healthy male subjects with no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disorders were recruited for the study. Subjects randomly performed preferred hip abduction (PHA) and hip abduction with contralateral hip adduction in side lying. The muscle activities of the dominant side rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, quadratus lumborum, gluteus medius, and non-dominant side hip adductor longus were measured during PHA and CHA by using a surface electromyography (EMG) system. Pelvic lateral tilting motion was measured by using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Data on EMG and pelvic motion were collected at the same time during PHA and CHA. A paired t-test was used to compare EMG activity and the angle of pelvic lateral tilting in the two exercises. The study found that the EMG activities of all muscles were more increased significantly in CHA than PHA condition. The angle of pelvic lateral tilting was more decreased significantly in CHA than PHA condition. These findings suggest that CHA could be recommended as a hip abduction exercise for activating lumbar stabilizers and decreasing compensatory pelvic lateral tilting motion.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify differences of duties, tasks, and task elements of care helpers between long term care (LTC) facilities and client's home (CH), and to provide data for the development of educational programs and policies. Methods: This study was a descriptive investigation; the subjects of the study were 418 care helpers. Duties, tasks, and task elements were measured using the framework proposed by Shin et al. (2012). Data were analyzed by t-test using PASW 18.0. Results: All of the jobs were statistically significant differences between LTC and CH. Dietary assistance and Daily work assistance were more frequently in CH, and the frequency of other tasks was higher in LTC than CH. Tasks with higher-reported difficulty by those who worked in LTC were as follows: personal hygiene, position change and movement, exercise and activity assistance, safety care, communication assistance, dietary assistance, environment management, daily work assistance, emergency prevention, early detection and speedy reporting, and dementia patient care. Conclusion: These findings suggest that training for care helpers of each facility type will be differentiated. Tasks and task elements reported by care helpers were modified and added to the standard textbook.