• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.1 s.176
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• pp.57-66
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• 1984

Twelve patients of localized juvenile periodontitis were evaluated to detection of serum IgG and IgM antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 strain. Sera were isolated from those patients. Antibody titer of patients sera to Aa stran Y4 strain. Sera were isolated from those patients. Antibody titer of patients sera to Aa stran Y4 were determined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assey (ELISA) using sonicated and formalin-fixed whole Aa y4 strain for detection of serum IgG and IgM antibody titers. To compare with health control and L.J.P., we used 12 healthy dental student who did not exhibited any gingivits. Results were determined by using ELISA reader at 400mm absorbance value. Data analysis were performed with comparison of the regression functions relating absorbance to dilution and Dunnett t-test. Significant high antibody titer to As Y4 in L.J.P. sera were shown in this examination(281. 4 Eu-G to 162.80 Eu-G, 106.0 Eu-M to 40.0 Eu-M for sonicated As Y4 antigen and 653.960. to 138.117 Eu-M for intact As Y4) and this data were also statistically significant (P<0.05). This work was supported in part from Seoul national University Hospital Grant and Korean Science Foundation.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.171-185
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• 2017

This paper tried to examine the effect of the policy on companies' CSR activities and what kind of a role does CSR have in determining Customer Loyalty in Indonesia. This paper is divided into two parts, the first part is designed to find out whether the Indonesian government law has successfully made the companies perform better CSRs. We do this by using the ICGC Index of the companies registered and comparing their scores before and after the implementation of the policy. We will then use the paired sample t-test to find out if there is an increase in the overall scores of the companies and/or only the natural resource-related companies. The result showed an upward trend in the ICGC scores for all the companies which the Indonesian government law is intended to. In the second part, Manfred Schwaiger's components and parameters of corporate reputation was referred and used on Indonesian customers. We asked participants whether they think natural resource-related companies perform better CSRs and then we also tried to find out what factors really affect their loyalty towards companies or brands by conducting Multiple Regression Analysis. From the 4 factors that we have prepared, which consist of Performance, CSR, Quality and Attractiveness, Quality is the most influential towards determining our survey participants' Customer Loyalty. Surprisingly, CSR is insignificant in directly influencing Customer Loyalty. But, our research did find out that CSR does moderate Quality and Performance in their relationship with Customer Loyalty. Meaning that CSR has no effect in a direct relationship but it can increase the effect of Quality and Performance in determining Customer Loyalty. Unfortunately, CSR has no moderating effect in increasing the effect of Attractiveness towards Customer Loyalty.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to discover the degree of department of dental technology students' oral health recognition and to find out the differences of oral health beliefs depending on oral health behaviors. Method: The subjects in this study were the students who attended department of dental technology in Daejon, Daegu, Iksan. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0. An analysis of frequency, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation was used. Result: Among the general things related to oral health behaviors was the statistical significant differences(p<0.05) in the area of oral health belief depending on the opportunity of oral health education, attendance of oral health course, self-aware of oral health, the number of times of teeth brushing, teeth brushing status, experience and the degree of smoking. There was a positive correlation between the degree of susceptibility and that of response to severity, barrier, salience and benefit. Severity also showed the positive correlation with barrier. Higher barrier susceptibility meant higher salience and higher benefit. So was the correlation between benefit and salience. Conclusion: This study showed that college education should focus on the students' possible behaviors in order to convey the effective oral health knowledge.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the non-precious metal core materials used in the dental laboratory to fabricate the implant superstructure by CAD / CAM method. And to observe and compare the morphology and distribution of the osteoblasts in relation to implant osseointegration. Methods: In this study, the mandibular right first molar tooth model was selected as an international standard to produce a single core. Using this model, the impression was made with the silicone rubber, the tooth model was scanned, and a single core was designed and 5-axis milling was performed. The materials used were Cobalt-Chromium and Nickel-Chromium, and the cores for dental implant top structures were fabricated according to the procedures of the dental labs. After the fabrication, the marginal area of the core was separated and cell culture experiment was performed. The osteoblast cells used MC3T3-E1, which is currently widely used. For morphological analysis of osteoblasts, cells were posttreated and observed using CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope) and compared. Results: The cell adhesion behavior of the specimen surface measured by CLSM was uniformly distributed in specimen A (Cobalt-Chromium) than in specimen B (Nickel-Chromium). The distribution and changes of the cells were different in the two specimens. Conclusion : It is possible to confirm that specimen A (Cobalt-Chromium) is suitable for the living body through adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts related to implant osseointegration in the non-precious metal superstructure used after implantation. It is considered that it is preferable to use Co-Cr when fabricating the superstructure.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a hospice music therapist training program and to evaluate its effects. Methods: The educational program consisted of training on the theory of hospice and the theory and practice of hospice music therapy. The course lasted for 4 weeks, with 8 hours of training per week, and 33 music therapists completed the course. In order to assess the effectiveness of the course, participants' knowledge and confidence regarding hospice music therapy and readiness for hospice music therapy before and after education were measured. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 18.0 and the paired t-test was used to assess the effectiveness of the program. Results: The trainees showed significant improvements in knowledge (P<0.001) and confidence (P<0.001) in all areas of this course, as well as in readiness for hospice music therapy (P<0.001). Participants' satisfaction with the lectures was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. The average score for all lecture areas exceeded 4 (yes), and the satisfaction level was mostly high. Students were most satisfied with the lectures on music therapy theory, followed in order by those on music therapy practice and hospice theory. Conclusion: This hospice music therapist training program is considered to be suitable because of its positive educational effects and the high satisfaction of participants with the lectures. In order to provide high-quality music therapy services to patients and their families, this training course should be regularly offered to cultivate competent music therapists, and the content of the education should be standardized and applied in various clinical settings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.690-700
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy and factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy by drinking levels. Methods: Utilizing a comparative descriptive design, a total of 359 female college students were recruited. Measurements were Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables related awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy, Korean Version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, knowledge about alcohol use during pregnancy, and socio-demographic factors. Main variables were compared by drinking levels. The factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were identified using hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Non-problematic alcohol behavior group (n=185) had higher the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy than problematic alcohol behavior group (n=174) (t=3.13, p=.002). The significant TPB variables influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were that attitudes (β =-.44, p<.001), subjective norms (β =.14, p=.026), and perceived behavior control (β =.19, p=.002) in non-problematic alcohol behavior group, whereas the corresponding variables in the problematic alcohol behavior group were attitudes (β =-.51, p<.001) and subjective norms (β =.21, p=.006). Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy for the female college students having problematic alcohol behavior. The following strategies are recommended for them; decreasing acceptable attitudes toward alcohol use during pregnancy and reinforcing the influence of social pressure toward to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg patterns on the muscle activation of neck flexors. Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject performed bilateral asymmetrical PNF leg patterns against manual resistance under four conditions: through the full range of motion toward the right side, left side, and the end range in the right side, left side. Electromyographic (EMG) data was collected from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles as neck flexors. The root mean square (RMS) value of the SCM was measured and normalized from maximal EMG activity of the SCM. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and repeated analysis of variance (ANOV A) was used to compare the statistical significance. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Firstly, the RMS values of SCM were significantly higher in all four PNF leg patterns than in the resting condition (p<.05). Secondly, there was no significant difference in muscle activation according to the direction of PNF leg patterns (p>.05). Thirdly, there was no significant difference in muscle activation according to the point of range of the motion of leg patterns (p>.05). It is suggested that PNF bilateral asymmetrical leg patterns have a considerable effect on muscle activation of the SCM, regardless of the range of motion and direction of PNF bilateral asymmetrical leg patterns.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2002

Objective: These experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal expose length of propidium iodide (PI) and bisbenzimide on differential staining of mouse blastocysts. Materials and methods: A total 964 blastocysts (early${\sim}$hatched) was exposed to PI (n=831) (group I: $\leq$ 10; II: $11{\sim}15$; III: $16{\sim}20$; IV: $\geq$21 sec) and bisbenzimide (n=133) (group A: $\leq$1; B: $1{\sim}$3; C: $\geq$ 4 hr) in several periods for differential staining. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test with SigmaPlot-2001. P-values < 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: In case of PI exposure, differential staining rates were significantly higher (p<0.05) in group I (89.8%) than in any others (group II: 77.6%; III: 29.6%; IV: 22.2%) and higher (p<0.05) in group II than in group III and IV. In case of bisbenzimide exposure, differential staining rates were not statistically differences in three groups (group A: 97.4%; B: 87.8%; C: 93.3%). Conclusion: The differential staining rates of mouse blastocysts are not affected by the exposure length of bisbenzimide. However, blastocysts were exposed to PI with period of shorter than 15 sec show best outcomes of differential staining rates.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2016

Objective: To study the clinical outcomes of single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles according to the hatching status of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Methods: Frozen-thawed blastocysts were divided into three groups according to their hatching status as follows: less-than-expanded blastocyst (${\leq}EdB$), hatching blastocyst (HgB), and hatched blastocyst (HdB). The female age and infertility factors of each group were evaluated. The quality of the single frozen-thawed blastocyst was also graded as grade A, tightly packed inner cell mass (ICM) and many cells organized in the trophectoderm epithelium (TE); grade B, several and loose ICM and TE; and grade C, very few ICM and a few cells in the TE. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were compared between each group. The data were analyzed by either t-test or chi-square analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in average female ages, infertility factors, or the distribution of blastocyst grades A, B, and C in each group. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate of each group according to their blastocyst grade. However, there was a significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate between each group. In the HdB group, the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were similar regardless of the blastocyst quality. Conclusion: There was an effect on the clinical outcomes depending on whether the blastocyst hatched during single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. When performing single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer, the hatching status of the frozen-thawed blastocyst may be a more important parameter for clinical outcomes than the quality of the frozen-thawed blastocyst.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical report was to estimate the efficacy of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) on allergic rhinitis. Methods : We prescribed Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) for 15 patients who visited Kabsan oriental clinic with allergic rhinitis. We inquired into distribution of age, case history period, improvement of symptoms, etc. We used the statistical methods of student t-test in order to analysis of the different of symptom before and after treatment(p 〈0.05). Results : 1. The distribution of sex & age was as follows; Total patient were women. 10-19 years 2 cases, , 30-39 years 5 cases, 40-49 years 6 cases and 50-59 years 2 cases. 2. The case of history period was as follows; under a year 1 case, 1-3 years 3 cases, 3-5 years 2 cases, 5-10 years 4 cases and over 10 years 5 cases. 3. The amount of herbal medicine they took as follows: 1 je(劑) 1 case, 2 je(劑) 7 cases, 3 je(劑) 5 cases and 4 je(劑) 2 cases. 4. The frequency of acupuncture and moxibustion was as follows; under 5 times 1 case, 6-10 times 10 cases, 11-15 times 3 cases, over 16 times 1 case. 5. The nasal symptoms except the nasal mucosa color(pale) were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 6 The general symptoms except menstruation pain were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 7. The curative influence of rhinitis by Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) was as follows excellent 2 cases. good 11 cases, ineffectiveness 2 cases. Conclusion: If we administer Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒), it improves not only allergic symptoms such as the watery rhinorrhea, turbinate swelling, sneeze, nasal obstruction, etc but also coldness of the limbs(手足冷症), dyspepsia, dysmenorrhea, etc. Therefore, we consider that administration of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒) improves in quality of life, as removes inconvenience of life and stress.