• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

Background: Oral health professionals are responsible in Iran for providing a brief tobacco cessation program to smoker patients. The aim of this study was to assess Iranian dental student and dentist practice, knowledge and attitudes toward smoking cessation programs. Materials and Methods: A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to 150 dentists working in Isfahan-Iran and 60 dental students. Some questions were developed based on the expected 5A tobacco cessation protocol. Statements on attitudes focused on professional responsibility towards smoking cessation and its effectiveness. Chi-square, ANOVA, and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The cessation program in dental settings covers a small group of patients (18%). Some 69.1% (n=96) of dentists reported asking their patients about tobacco use, 64% (n=83) advising their patients to quit, 33.8% (n=47) assessing their patients willingness to quit and 20% (n=28) reported helping their patients in changing their behavior. A far lower percentage reported active involvement in arranging assistance for smokers to quit (4.3%, n=5). Some 22% of students and 26% of dentists disagreed that the tobacco cessation programs should be as part of dentists' professional responsibility and 70% of them were willing to follow the protocol of tobacco cessation for patients. Conclusions: Iranian dentist performance regarding tobacco cessation is weak. Dentists and students indicated their lack of knowledge as the major reason for non-adherence to the protocol. Therefore, planning to encourage dentist to follow the protocol needs continuous educational programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6059-6064
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Malaysia. Nevertheless, there is little information on treatment and outcomes nationally. We aimed to determine the demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of colorectal cancer patients treated at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) as part of a larger project on survival and quality of life outcomes. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 1,212 patients undergoing treatment in UMMC between January 2001 and December 2010 were reviewed. A retrospective-prospective cohort study design was used. Research tools included the National Cancer Patient Registration form. Statistical analysis included means, standard deviations (SD), proportions, chi square, t-test/ANOVA. P-value significance was set at 0.05. Results: The male: female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age was 62.1 (SD12.4) years. Patients were predominantly Chinese (67%), then Malays (18%), Indians (13%) and others (2%). Malays were younger than Chinese and Indians (mean age 57 versus 62 versus 62 years, p<0.001). More females (56%) had colon cancers compared to males (44%) (p=0.022). Malays (57%) had more rectal cancer compared to Chinese (45%) and Indians (49%) (p=0.004). Dukes' stage data weres available in 67%, with Dukes' C and D accounting for 64%. Stage was not affected by age, gender, ethnicity or tumor site. Treatment modalities included surgery alone (40%), surgery and chemo/radiotherapy 32%, chemo and radiotherapy (8%) and others (20%). Conclusions: Significant ethnic differences in age and site distribution, if verified in population-based settings, would support implementation of preventive measures targeting those with the greatest need, at the right age.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

Purpose. This study was purposed to seek for a way to enhance the self-efficacy of students in dental hygiene department at deciding their careers by analyzing the relationship between the self-efficacy and the major satisfaction. Methods. The investigator conducted a survey targeting 253 students attending on dental hygiene departments in two 3-year-graduate colleges and 1 university located in Busan from May 1st to May 30th, 2013. The used research instruments were the major satisfaction questionnaire and the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form(CDMSES-SF). The survey was conducted in self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed with SPSS (ver 12.0) and also conducted t-test, ANOVA and multi-regression analysis. Results. It was found that self-efficacy level of students in dental hygiene department was $3.22{\pm}0.38$ point, and their major satisfaction level was $3.27{\pm}0.47$ point. The factors enhancing the self-efficacy of students in dental hygiene department at deciding their careers were identified as the curriculum satisfaction, the relationship satisfaction, and the recognition satisfaction. It was identified that more these elements were increased, the higher the self-efficacy level was enhanced. Conclusions. In order to enhance the self-efficacy of students in dental hygiene department at deciding their careers, it is considered that the curriculum should be organized carefully under reasonable plan, and there should be more active communication between professors and students as well as students each other. Besides there needs some educational programs to inspire the pride and sense of duty for the dental hygiene department.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.575-587
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• 2015

This study explores economic and psychological factors as well as dietary, clothing, and dwelling lifestyle factors that influence the happiness of college students. For this, a survey of 570 students (222 males and 348 females) was conducted using 72 categories, including general characteristics, the happiness index, the health index, and economic, psychological, dietary, clothing, and dwelling factors. Gender differences in student characteristics were analyzed through an independent samples t-test, and relationships between variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Variables showing significant correlations with the happiness index were classified as independent variables for the dependent variable of the happiness index and used for a regression analysis. The happiness index showed no significant gender difference, but it was higher for males than for females. Males scoring higher in the economic lifestyle and self-esteem, among others, were more likely to think practically, and their economic lifestyles were relatively rational. In both genders significant positive correlations were found between the happiness index and allowance satisfaction, the allowance level, the economic lifestyle, self-esteem, major satisfaction, and peer satisfaction. Variables more likely to influence the happiness index for males were self-esteem, peer satisfaction, the economic level, major satisfaction, and regular exercise, whereas those for females were self-esteem, peer satisfaction, and stress eating. These results indicate that emotional factors such as self-esteem and peer satisfaction were more likely to influence the happiness index of college students for both genders than economic and physical factors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.275-289
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the middle aged's perception of aging and the degree of physical/financial/social preparation for later life and to explore the effect of the middle aged's perception of aging, who live in Gwangju & Jeonnam of Korea, on physical/financial/social preparation for later life. This research also explores gender differences in perception of aging, preparation for later life and related factors. For the purpose, the survey data was gathered from 424 middle aged (40's & 50's) citizens who live in Gwangju and Jeonnam, using structured questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis are descriptive statistics, cross tables, t-test, correlations and regression with Spss/win 17.0 program. The major findings of this study are as follows: Most of the respondents perceive that the age of being aged is 65 or 70 years old. Respondents feel anxiety about health (84%), finance (57%) and roleless role (22%) of later life. Female group feel health anxiety more than male group. Many people perceive that social preparation for later life is better than financial preparation and physical preparation for later life. The result shows that female group perceives their physical preparation level more positively than male group generally. But, there were no differences in financial and social preparation between gender groups. Finally, the result shows the meaningful relationships between male group's perception of aging and financial preparation for later life. Monthly income is the most important variable predicting preparation for later life.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.411-425
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the middle aged social preparation for later life and to explore the effect of social activities and social relationships on social preparation for later life. This research is also focused on gender differences in social activities, social relationships and social preparation for later life. The survey data was gathered from 424 middle aged citizens who live in the Gwangju & Jeonnam area, using a structured questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, cross tables, t-test, correlations, and hierarchical regression with SPSS win 18.0 program. The major findings of this study are as follows: Most of the respondents perceive an importance of social activities and social relationships. Middle aged women enjoy leisure activities such as learning and religious activity more than men. Middle aged men engage in hobby activities more than women. And most of respondents perceive they are making an effort to keep a relationship with spouses, family & friends. The results show that there are no differences in social preparation for later life between gender groups, but the variables which have an effect in social preparation for later life are different between gender groups. Social activities and Social relationships play an important role in social preparation for later life of Middle aged men and women. At the same time, Social activities and Social relationships have more positive effect on the social preparation of women. Implications of the results are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density(BMD) and identify risk factors of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 328 women. The BMD of the calcaneus were measured with peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The risk factors were collected by a self-report standardized questionnaire. The differences among the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal group were compared by one way analysis of variance test, Scheffe's multiple comparison tests and Logistic regression. Results: The average age was 65 years old and the average T-score was 28.7% with osteoporosis. The Risk factors of osteoporosis were inclined by 24% in age (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.16 ~ 1.31), 53% in menarchal age (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.24 ~ 1.88), 3.5 times in vegetarian (OR = 3.52, CI = 1.66 ~ 7.47), 2 times in small-bowel disease (OR = 2.01, CI= 1.03 ~ 3.94), 5.3 times in arthritis (OR = 5.33, CI = 1.61 ~ 17.67), 5.5 times in eating disorder (OR = 5.50, CI = 1.43 ~ 21.17), 6 times in health perception (OR = 6.08, CI = 2.30 ~ 16.06). The Risk factors of osteoporosis were reduced by 10% in weight (OR = 0.90. CI = 0.83 ~ 0.97), and 10% in menopausal age (OR = 0.90. CI = 0.84 ~ 0.98). Conclusion: The risk factors of osteoporosis were in the general characteristics, menstrual history, history of disease, life style & diet, and health perception. Eating disorder and health perception are highest on the risk factor of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3051-3056
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• 2013

Background: Genetic aberrations of DNA repair enzymes are known to be common events associated with different cancer entities. The aim of the present study was to analyze genetic associations of rs1805404 (Asp81Asp) and rs1805414 (Ala284Ala) in the PARP1 gene with the risk of breast cancer in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: These two SNP's were analyzed in a primary study group of breast cancer patients and healthy control subjects. Genotypes were determined by TaqMan SNP testing and analyzed using Chi-square or t test and logistic regression analysis with SPSS16.0 software. Results and Conclusions: Results showed that rs1805414 was associated with a significantly increased susceptibility to breast cancer, significant risk being observed for the TC, CC and TC+CC genotypes. In conclusion PARP1 rs1805414 SNP polymorphisms may be involved in the etiology of breast cancer in the Saudi population. In contrast, PARP1 rs1805404 did not show any significant association in overall in breast cancer samples when compared to healthy controls. Confirmation of our findings in larger populations of different ethnicities may provide evidence for a role of the PARP1 gene in breast carcinoma developnment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.582-593
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of successful aging and to determine mediating effect of transcendence between successful aging and influencing factors of community-dwelling elders in Korea. 162 elders were participated in this study who visited seniors welfare center and senior citizen center. Data were analyzed by PASW 18.0 for t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analysis. Transcendence, parent-child relationship, depression, spirituality and perceived economic status were statistically significant influencing factors, explained 77% of successful aging in community-dwelling elderly. The mediating role of transcendence was identified about parent-child relationship, depression, spirituality and perceived economic condition. The study findings demonstrated that transcendence was significant variable affecting successful aging. The variables affecting successful aging such as transcendence, parent-child relationship, depression, spirituality, perceived economic status can be utilized for nursing strategies to successful aging in community-dwelling elders.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.322-332
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• 2013

This study was done to investigate emotional awareness, emotional expressiveness, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and college student adjustment, to analyze the factor affecting college student adjustment. The subjects were 159 freshman nursing students. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from May 20 to June 10, 2012. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS WIN v 18.0. Positive correlation were found between college student adjustment and mood monitoring as well as mood labeling. On the other hand, ambivalence over positive emotional expressiveness and ambivalence over negative emotional expressiveness were significantly negative correlation with college student adjustment. In addition, mood monitoring, ambivalence over positive emotional expressiveness, mood labeling, and ambivalence over negative emotional expressiveness accounted for 31.8% of variance in college student adjustment. The results of this study suggest that programs for promoting emotional awareness and reducing ambivalence over emotional expressiveness are important for college adjustment in freshman nursing students.