• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.383-388
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• 2015

Reservoirs consist of two different environments, the littoral and the pelagic zone, and different fishing gear is commonly used in each zone-gill nets in the pelagic zone and electrofishing in the littoral zone. However, an active fishing gear, the cast net, is normally used instead of electrofishing for scientific studies in South Korea. In order to estimate cast net effectiveness for determining fish status in reservoirs, the study was conducted at 15 reservoirs with two different fishing gears: a cast net in the littoral zone and gill nets in the pelagic zone. When combining catches of both gears, species richness increased substantially compared to using one gear only. There was a size difference in fish caught by each net, and small fish were predominantly caught with the cast net due to its small mesh size (7 mm). The combined length of six species, used for length-weight relationship analysis, collected with the cast net was smaller than that collected with gill nets (independent t-test, P < 0.05). In this study, cast net sampling provided sufficient data for the littoral zone, but not enough to identify the overall fish assemblage in studied reservoirs. Utilization of only one gear can therefore lead to substantial underestimation of fish status, and a combination of both gears is recommended for determining more reliable estimates of fish status in reservoirs.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 1998

This study was designed to identity the degree of burden felt by mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome. Also, relations between the subject characteristics and burden were investigated to provide basis data for their family health and nursing intervention. The study subjects were composed of 70 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Mar. 2nd, 1998 to May. 30th in the same year The questionnaires were used which dealt with burden of mothers. the questionnaires for this study designed and used by researcher placed their basis in Burden Measurement Instrument developed by Montgomery et. al (1985) and the reliability of the used instrument was .78. The data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of were as follows. 1. Mean score of burden of subjects was 60.82(Maximum 86, standard deviation 1.244). 2. Of the mothers characteristics, the score of burden was high in case of no religion and low income. 3. Of the patients characteristics, the score of burden ranked as high in MCNS, doing oral therapy and injection therapy at the same time, and negative perceived patients' condition. 4. The degree of burden felt by mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome was significantly predicted by the level of pt's diagnosis(11%), pt's condition(8%), economic state (6%) and pt's sex (5%), respectively. In conclusion to above study, the researcher suggests that the development of instrument for measurement of burden is in much need. Relations between burden and social support should be studied to lessen burden of mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of preschooler obesity/overweight and to identify associated factors. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Data for 591 preschoolers, 432 fathers and 538 mothers from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 were included. Obesity/overweight was defined by 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. T-test, Rao-Scott ${\chi}^2$, multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results: Prevalence rates for preschooler obesity/overweight were 14.9% (obesity, 5.4%; overweight, 9.5%). The preschoolers with atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis or asthma (OR=2.78, 95% CI [1.27-6.09], p=.011) and eating more thiamine per day (OR=1.01, 95% CI [1.00-1.02], p=.001) showed higher obesity/overweight development. The only parental factor affecting preschooler obesity/overweight was parental body mass index (father, OR=1.18, 95% CI [1.09-1.28], p<.001; mother, OR=1.09, 95% CI [1.04-1.15], p<.001). Conclusion: Interventions on preventing preschooler obesity should be introduced much earlier for children with risk factors. Results from this study can be used as preliminary data to develop effective strategies to prevent obesity in Korean preschoolers.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.260-273
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation, educational needs, and self care in inpatients with coronary artery disease in China and to provide basic data for development of cardiac rehabilitation programs. Method: From Jan. 16th to Feb. 26th, 2009, 104 patients with coronary artery disease were hospitalized in general hospitals in K and H city in China. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: In inpatients with coronary artery disease in China, the score of knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation was average ($66{\pm}.18$), and the score of educational needs was high ($4.27{\pm}.49$). The score of self care was average ($3.12{\pm}.58$). The regular exercise group (p= .005) had a high knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation, the nonsmoking group (p= .022) and regular exercise group (p= .037) did well by themselves. Educational needs also affected the overall knowledge of inpatients with coronary artery disease (r= .288, p= .003). Conclusion: This study suggests that knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation and educational needs should be considered in enhancing cardiac rehabilitation programs designed for inpatients with coronary artery disease in China.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.473-484
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relations among appropriateness of work, competency on student suicide and attitude toward suicide in health teachers. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive one. The subjects were 193 health teachers. Self-administered questionnaires were used to measure the variables of this study. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS 9.3 software were used for the data analysis. Results: The attitude score toward suicide ranged from 1.47 to -1.03. The average score of appropriateness of work and competency related to student suicide were 2.34 and 2.81 respectively. Associated factors with competency related to student suicide among health teacher were appropriateness of work related to student suicide, two items of attitude toward suicide(suicide is an acceptable means to end an incurable illness and people who commit suicide are usually mentally ill), education level, education experience on suicide prevention and management, and the adjusted $R^2$ of the regression model was 34.3%. Conclusion: Health teachers were not tolerable to student suicide. However, they evaluated themselves as low in the appropriateness and competency to the work on student suicide, especially in screening and counselling of high risk groups. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop education programs about counseling and intervention on student suicide for health teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2015

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the type of osteotomy in the inferior aspect of the mandible on the mechanical performance. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 polyurethane hemimandibles. A sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) was designed in 10 hemimandibles (group 1) with a vertical osteotomy in the buccal side (second molar level) and final osteotomy was performed horizontally on the lingual aspect, while the mandible body osteotomy was finalized as a straight osteotomy in the basilar area, perpendicular to the body. For group 2, the same osteotomy technique was used, but an oblique osteotomy was done in the basilar aspect of the mandibular body, forming continuity with the sagittal cut in the basilar area. Using a surgical guide, osteosynthesis was performed with bicortical screws using an inverted L scheme. In both groups vertical compression tests were performed with a linear load of 1 mm/min on the central fossa of the first molar and tests were done with models made from photoelastic resin. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, establishing a statistical significance when P<0.05. Results: A statistical difference was not observed in the maximum displacements obtained in the two osteotomies (P<0.05). In the extensiometric analysis, statistically significant differences were identified only in the middle screw of the fixation. The photoelastic resin models showed force dissipation towards the inferior aspect of the mandible in both SSRO models. Conclusion: We found that osteotomy of the inferior aspect did not influence the mechanical performance for osteosynthesis with an inverted L system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 6-axis model surgery simulator (6AMSS) for orthognathic surgery. A rectangular parallelepiped plastic block was assembled to model-mounting plate of 6AMSS. Left-right (X), anterior-posterior (Y), up-down (Z) translation and pitching (${\phi}X$), rolling (${\phi}Y$) and yawing (${\phi}Z$) rotation was planned and performed using 6AMSS. The actual translation and rotation were measured with dial gauge and precisional protractor, respectively. Comparison between the planned and actual movements of plastic block for each variable were made using paired t- test. Statistical analysis for X, Y, Z, ${\phi}X$, ${\phi}Y$ and ${\phi}Z$ movement have shown no significant differences between planned and actual movement (P > 0.05). This indicate that model surgery performed with the aid of the 6AMSS is accurate in 3D translation and rotation. The 6AMSS is practically useful for accurate fabrication of surgical splint for orthognathic surgery.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and accuracy of measurements in digital models(CEREC$^{(R)}$ AC) compared to stone models. Methods: A master model(500B-1, Nissin Dental Product, Japan) with the prepared upper full arch tooth was used. Conventional impression and then stone model(n=10) were produced from this master model, and on the other hands, digital impressions were made with the CEREC$^{(R)}$ AC intra-oral scanner(n=10). One examiner measured two times the intercanine, intermolar distance, dental arch length. The stone model were measured using a digital caliper. The t-student test for paired samples and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) were used for statistical analysis. Results: The measurement of two methods showed very good reliability. At the intra-examiner reliability of measurement, ICC at the stone and CEREC$^{(R)}$ AC model were 0.81 and 0.94. The mean difference between measurements made directly on the stone models and those made on the CEREC$^{(R)}$ AC model was 0.20~0.28mm, and was statistically significant(P=0.001). Conclusion: These in vitro studies show that accuracy of the digital impression is similar to that of the conventional impression. These results will have to be confirmed in further clinical studies.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose this study was to evaluate the marginal fitness of metal copings fabricated using rapid prototyping method and to compare the fitness with copings by conventional method. Then clinical availability of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using rapid prototyping method shall be confirmed based on marginal fitness. Methods: Ten same cases of3 unit FDPs epoxy models (abutment teeth 14 and 16) were manufactured. Each of ten epoxy models were scanned by 3shape D-700 scanner to be designed by experienced technician, and photopolymer 3 unit FDPs were fabricated using rapid prototyping methodand fabricated using Lost wax technique (LW) with same models. Marginal fitness of 3 unit FDPs were measured by silicone replica technique. T-test of independent sample for statistical analysis was executed with SPSS 12.0K for Windows. (${\alpha}$=.05) Results: Significantly higher mean (SD) marginal fitness (P<.000) were observed in the RP group $(95.9(18.0){\mu}m$ compared to the conventionally LW group $(80.1(13.8){\mu}m$. Conclusion: Marginal fitness of LW group showed excellent rather than RP group. However marginal fitness of 3 unit FDPs fabricated by RP method did not get out of clinical allowance value range significantly to allow clinical application.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.29-52
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• 2010

This paper analyzes the firm's financial characteristics, influence over the adoption of the ISO 14001 adoption in our analyses. We used the T-test, a logistic regression analysis. We chose 112 Steel Enterprises from Korea Accreditation Board. The independent variables are current ratio, debt ratio, fixed assets to net worth and fixed liabilities, gross margin on sales, total assets turnover, net sales growth rate. This study tests three hypotheses on management performance of adoption of ISO 14001. The main findings are as follows. The first hypothesis is supported in terms of debt ratio, fixed assets to net worth and fixed liabilities, net sales growth rate at the 1%, 5%, 5% significance level. The second one is supported in terms of current ratio, debt ratio, fixed assets to net worth and fixed liabilities at the 10%, 1%, 1% significance level. The third one is supported in terms of gross margin on sales, total assets turnover at the 1%, 10% significance level. These findings have important implications