• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-66
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• 1997

Today's meridian system is revealing the theory made after the standard of 'Ling-shu Jing-mai(靈樞 經脈)'. But after excavating 'Ma-wang-dui'(馬王堆)'s' medical books from his 'Han(漢)' Dynasty tomb, there had to be some adjustments made concerning the former meridian systme. 'Shi-yi-mai-jiu-jing(足臂十一脈灸經)' and 'Yin-yand-shi-yi-mai-jiu-jing(陰陽十一脈灸經)' are not related and each of them was developed independently and influenced by the Meridian Pluse Theory of 'Ling-shu(靈樞)'. Accordingly, the leaning toward heart pluse system and the circulating pulse system were formed and 'Ling-shu(靈樞)' was influenced by this. Therefore, investigating these processes thoroughly is the main subject stated in this thesis. The occupying percentage of the 'leaning toward heart pluse system(向心脈系)' and the 'circulating pluse system(循環脈系)' in each section is one-sided to the loaning toward heart pluse system. However, today's 'Jing-mai system(經脈體系)' is developed focusing on 'Jing-mai(經脈)'. The reason for this should be investigated by using the medical history of acupuncture & moxibustion. Analongizing roughly, from the time after five transfer points of 'Ben-shu(本輸)' was absorbed into 'Jing-mai(經脈)' as only the main meridians of the traditional 'Meridian Point(經穴)' and couldn't seem to realize the true self of the original 'Ben-shu(本輸)'. Therefore, various misunderstandings might have occured in clinic, basal narusis, and antiquity of the influenced preconception of 'Jing-mai(經脈)' being first.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1214-1219
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing tuna oil to diets of growing-finishing pigs (barrows and gilts) on backfat characteristics when slaughtered at different weights. Four hundred and eighty crossbred (Large White$\times$Landrace$\times$Duroc) pigs averaging 30 kg were allotted to 12 treatment combinations (40 pigs/treatment combination) in a completely randomized design with a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments. The treatments were: dietary tuna oil supplementation (0 and 2%); sex (barrows and gilts); and slaughter weight (90, 100 and 110 kg). As pigs reached their slaughter weight, they were randomly selected (8 pigs/treatment combination; 96 pigs in total) and slaughtered. Backfat colour, hardness and fatty acid profile were assessed. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in colour (L* and a* values) among treatments. Backfat of the control group was harder than on the tuna oil (p<0.001) and that of barrows was harder than of gilts (p<0.05). In addition, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of fat from the tuna oil group stored for 3 days were higher (p<0.001) than the control group. The TBARS values of gilts tended to be higher than those of barrows and increased with increasing slaughter weight in the tuna oil group. The cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not affected by diet and sex but the triglyceride level increased with increasing slaughter weight (p<0.01). The tuna oil group had higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, ratio of PUFA: saturated fatty acid (SFA) and total n-3 fatty acids but lower monounsaturated fatty acids content and n-6:n-3 fatty acids than the control group (p<0.01). Gilts had higher PUFA and n-6 fatty acids in backfat than barrows (p<0.05). The backfat from both 90 and 100 kg slaughter-weight groups had a lower ratio of n6:n3 fatty acid than the 110 kg slaughter-weight group (p<0.05). However, this was more pronounced in the tuna oil group. The PUFA: SFA was also increased while the n-6:n-3 ratio tended to reach the recommended levels for healthy eating in human beings of <5. However, due to oxidative susceptibility, barrows should not be slaughtered at more than 100 kg for the meat to be acceptable to consumers.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

In this study, the load of the river was calculated by using the actual data of the Yeong-bon C1, Yeong-bon C2, Yeong-bon C3 monitoring points of the Yeong-san river watershed to determine the excess. As a result, the BOD is 75.83 % at the Yeong-bon C1 and the five-year average value is higher than at other points. The Yeong-bon C3 was 72.15 % and Yeong-bon C2 was analyzed as 68.78 %. The five-year average of the T-P was 71.95 % for the Yeong-bon C2 and 69.86 % for the Yeong-bon C3 and 69.16 % for Yeong-bon C1; these levels exceeded the target water quality standards of 50 %. As a result of analyzing the pollutant load, we found that the Yeong-bon C1 has been highly affected by the nonpoint pollution source because the excess rate is high in the upper section of the flow rate. The Yeong-bon C2 showed a high excess rate in the lower part of the flow rate, and it was estimated that the influence of the point pollution source was large. The excess rate of the Yeong-bon C3 is small in the interval deviation, and it was evaluated as being affected by both point and non-point pollution sources. The TMDL monitoring network data were used to estimate the exceed ratio for the target water quality assessment, and the implementation evaluation was made by the flow exceedance probability interval to analyze the monitoring data so that the data could be utilized according to the purpose of the measurement network.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 2015

ATMS calculates section travel time using two-way communication system called DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communications) which collects data of RSE (Road Side Equipment) and Hi-pass OBU (On-board Unit). Travel time estimation in urban area involves uncertainty due to the interrupted flow. This study not only analyzed real-time data but also considered pattern data. Baek-Je-Ro street in Jeon-Ju city was selected as a test site. Existing algorithm was utilized for data filtering and pattern data building. Analysis results repoted that travel time estimation with 20% of real-time data and 80% of pattern data mixture gave minimum average difference of 37.5 seconds compare to the real travel time at the 5% significant level. Results of this study recommend usage of intermixture between real time data and pattern data to minimize error for travel time estimation in urban area.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2006

There are various factors affecting the fracture of NiTi rotary files. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of cross sectional area, pecking motion and pecking distance on the cyclic fatigue fracture of different NiTi files. Five different NiTi $files-Profile^{(R)}$ (Maillefer, Ballaigue, Switzerland), $ProTaper^{TM}$(Maillefer, Ballaigue, Switzerland), $K3^{(R)}$ (SybronEndo. Orange, CA) , Hero $642^{(R)}$ (Micro-mega, Besancon, France), Hero $Shaper^{(R)}$ (Micro-mega, Besancon, France)-were used. Each file was embedded in temporary resin, sectioned horizontally and observed with scanning electron microscope. The ratio of cross-sectional area to the circumscribed circle was calculated. Special device was fabricated to simulate the cyclic fatigue fracture of NiTi file in the curved canal,. On this device, NiTi files were rotated (300rpm) with different pecking distances (3 mm or 6 mm) and with different motions (static motion or dynamic pecking motion) . Time until fracture occurs was measured. The results demonstrated that cross-sectional area didn't have any effect on the time of file fracture. Among the files, $Profile^{(R)}$ took the longest time to be fractured. Between the pecking motions, dynamic motion took the longer time to be fractured than static motion. There was no significant difference between the pecking distances with dynamic motion, however with static motion, the longer time was taken at 3mm distance. In this study, we could suggest that dynamic pecking motion would lengthen the time for NiTi file to be fractured from cyclic fatigue.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.19-41
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• 2006

The Objective of this study was to design the model which predict the future cash flow of hospitals and on the basis of designed model to support sound hospital management by the prediction of future cash flow. The five cash flow measurement variables discussed in financial accrual part were used as variables and these variables were defined as NI, NIDPR, CFO, CFAI, CC. To measure the cash flow B/S related variables, P/L related variables and financial ratio related variables were utilized in this study. To measure cash flow models were designed and to estimate the prediction ability of five cash flow models, the martingale model and the market model were utilized. To estimate relative prediction outcome of cash flow prediction model and simple market model, MAE and MER were used to compare and analyze relative prediction ability of the cash flow model and the market model and to prove superiority of the model of the cash flow prediction model, 32 Regional Public Hospital's cross-section data and 4 year time series data were combined and pooled cross-sectional time series regression model was used for GLS-analysis. To analyze this data, Firstly, each cash flow prediction model, martingale model and market model were made and MAE and MER were estimated. Secondly difference-test was conducted to find the difference between MAE and MER of cash flow prediction model. Thirdly after ranking by size the prediction of cash flow model, martingale model and market model, Friedman-test was evaluated to find prediction ability. The results of this study were as follows: when t-test was conducted to find prediction ability among each model, the error of prediction of cash flow model was smaller than that of martingale and market model, and the difference of prediction error cash flow was significant, so cash flow model was analyzed as excellent compare with other models. This research results can be considered conductive in that present the suitable prediction model of future cash flow to the hospital. This research can provide valuable information in policy-making of hospital's policy decision. This research provide effects as follows; (1) the research is useful to estimate the benefit of hospital, solvency and capital supply ability for substitution of fixed equipment. (2) the research is useful to estimate hospital's liqudity, solvency and financial ability. (3) the research is useful to estimate evaluation ability in hospital management. Furthermore, the research should be continued by sampling all hospitals and constructed advanced cash flow model in dimension, established type and continued by studying unified model which is related each cash flow model.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2007

Purpose: To acquire high-resolution spiral-scan images at higher magnetic field, high homogeneous magnetic field is needed. Field inhomogeneity mapping and in-vivo shimming are important for rapid imaging such as spiral-scan imaging. The rapid scanning sequences are very susceptible to inhomogeneity. In this paper, we proposed a higher-order shimming method to obtain homogeneous magnetic field. Materials and Methods: To reduce measurement time for field inhomogeneity mapping, simultaneous axial/ sagittal, and coronal acquisitions are done using multi-slice based Fast Spin echo sequence. Acquired field inhomogeneity map is analyzed using the spherical harmonic functions, and shim currents are obtained by the multiplication of the pseudo-inverse of the field pattern with the inhomogeneity map. Results: Since the field inhomogeneity is increasing in proportion to the magnetic field, higher order shimming to reduce the inhomogeneity becomes more important in high field imaging. The shimming technique in which axial, sagittal, and coronal section inhomogeneity maps are obtained in one scan is developed, and the shimming method based on the analysis of spherical harmonics of the imhomogenity map is applied. The proposed technique is applicable to a localized shimming as well. High resolution spiral-scan imaging was successfully obtained with the proposed higher order shimming. Conclusion: Proposed pulse sequence for rapid measurement of inhomogeneity map and higher order shimming based on the inhomogeneity map work very well at 3 Tesla MRI system. With the proposed higher order shimming and localized higher order shimming techniques, high resolution spiral-scan images are successfully obtained at 3 T MRI system.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 1991

A layer of salinity-minimum which characterizes the East Sea intermediate Water (ESIW) is found at an approximate depth of 200 m in three CTD section taken in the Ulleung Basin on May 17-21, 1988. Properties at this layer vary in ranges of $1.1^{\circ}C except at stations near the east coast of Korea where temperature is as high as $4.39^{\circ}C$ and salinity is as low as $33.992{\textperthousand}$. To be distinguished from the ESIW the East Sea Proper Water (ESPW) may be characterized by temperature less than $1^{\circ}C$, Salinity at the saliently-minimum layer and 500db increases southward in general, implying that the cold waters, both ESIW and ESPW, formed in the northern basin of the East Sea are spreading southward below the permanent thermocline in the basin. Hydrography in the Ulleung Basin is very similar to that in the Alboran Sea, suggesting a possibility of an anticyclonic circulation in the Ulleung Basin which is controlled strongly by the shoaling bottom.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

Purpose: During Postpartum period many women complain multiple pain, cold hypersensitivity, hot flush, sweating and so on. We call the postpartum disease as San Hu Pung. We studied characters of DITI Characters of women suffering from Postpartum disease. Methods: We studied 55 patients visiting OOhospital from February 2006 to November 2007. The subjects were categorized in two groups, symptom group(37) and no symptom group(18). We measured the temperatures of abdomen(CV17, CV12, CV4), upper and lower limb(PC8, LU4, LR3, ST32) and back(GB21, BL18, BL53). We studied the difference of DITI between two groups by Student T-test using SPSS for windows (version 12.0). Results: The general characteristics such as age, days of postpartum, primiparity, cesarean section, partum season, breast-feeding of two groups were not different statistically. Temperatures of abdomen(CV17, CV12, CV4) and back(GB21, BL18, BL53) of two groups were not different statistically. Temperatures of Lt. PC8 and both LR3 of symptom group were statistically higher than no symptom group. The difference between Lt. PC8 and LU4, both LR3 and ST32 of symptom group were statistically higher than no symptom group. Conclusion: The results suggest that women suffering from Postpartum disease shows high temperature on hand and foot. It seems that postpartum disease patients tend to have blood deficiency. DITI can be useful to diagnose San Hu Pung. The more studies to diagnose San Hu Pung would be needed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.29-33
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• 1968

Through an experiment with gas chromatography carried out using diethylene glycol succinate(DEGS) as the packing material of the column, we have obtained the correction factor between the weight ratio and the peak dimension of the saturated fatty acid methyl esters of C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18 and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of oleic acid, linoloic acid, and linolenic acid, employing the detector of thermal conductivity type. Quantitative analysis of the fatty acids contained in rice Bran oil was performed with the above correction factor and the results are as follows; 1. Main components were found to be palmitic acid, oleic acid sand linolenic acid. No trases of capric acid (C10) lauric acid (C10) were found. 2. It was confirmed that there were straight line relation between the logarism retention time of each fatty acid and the number of carbon of saturated fatty acid or the number of double bond of other fatty acids having the same number of carbon. 3. The correction factor became larger as to the number of carbon increased up to C18 in case of saturated fatty acids, end as for other fatty acids, and as for other fatty acids of the same carbon number, it became larger according as the number of double bond increased.