• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2007

The purposes of the present study were to determine the difference of functional outcome, and to identify factors associated with functional difference in patients with stroke. The sample consisted of 56 stroke patients who had received physical therapy at the physical therapy unit of the Dongeui Medical Center in Busan city between January 2000 and June 2002. Stroke patients were evaluated by physical therapists 3 times; The first day in physical therapy (PT) (T1), one month after the first day in PT (T2), and two months after the first day in PT (T3). Functional status was assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) instrument, a validated instrument for documenting the severity of disability and assessing the outcome of rehabilitation treatment. Functional gain was calculated over T2-T1, T3-T1, and T3-T2. SAS statistical software was used for the analysis. The Student's t-test, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA/Tukey and Scheffe), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to examine the functional difference in variables. Repeated measures ANOVA was also used to analyze the functional difference by time (T1, T2, and T3). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on the difference of functional outcome as defined by the FIM score. A total of 56 stroke patients were evaluated, their average age${\pm}$standard deviation was $61.6{\pm}9.3$ years (range: 40~81 yr). The functional status of patients who received physical therapy for about 2~3 months was significantly improved (mean FIM scores, $20.5{\pm}1.8$, $28.9{\pm}1.9$, and $8.41{\pm}1.1$ points for each time period, respectively) (p<.0001). Diabetes was significantly associated with the FIM score for T2-T1 (p<.05). The type of diagnosis was significantly associated with the FIM score for T3-T1 (p<.05). Gender, smoking, and the FIM score on admission were significantly associated with the FIM score for T3-T2 (p<.05). In conclusion, gender, smoking, diabetes, the type of diagnosis, and the FIM score on admission were significantly associated with improved FIM scores. We recommend that further research should explore the functional outcome by using larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and more sensitive assessment instruments.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2014

The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, fat deposition and obesity. For this reason, the FTO gene is a physiological and functional candidate gene for carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The objectives of this study were to identify SNPs in the exonic regions of FTO gene and to evaluate the association of these SNPs with carcass traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). In this study, we newly identified two exonic SNPs in Hanwoo population. The g.125550A > T SNP was located in exon 3 and the g.175675C > T SNP was located in exon 6. Genotyping of the two SNP markers was carried out using PCR-RFLP analysis in Hanwoo steers to evaluate their association with carcass traits. As a result, g.125550A > T SNP genotype was significantly associated with effects on marbling score. Animals with the AA and TT homozygous genotypes had a significantly higher marbling score (p < 0.001) than those with AT heterozygous genotype, and this was significant after Bonferroni correction of the significance threshold (p = 0.003). Dominance effect was also observed for the marbling score (P < 0.05) with higher marbling score of homozygous animals. However, no significant associations with meat quality traits were observed for the g.175675C > T SNP. Our results suggest that the exonic SNP g.125550A > T in the FTO gene may be used as a DNA marker for the selection of Hanwoo with higher marbling.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.165-169
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• 2012

To analogize the result of the test through explaining the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) test value between proximal femur and lumbar spine at age. It is based on 62 cases who visited the out-patient department. They were classified into three groups by age, group I (30~40 yr) and II (40~60 yr) and III (60~80 yr). Then we evaluated the average and the degree of correlation between the three groups and analyzed the correlation of the three sites according to the BMD result and T & Z-score through the t-test analysis. The results are listed below, first, if rise in age T-score is lower and over 60age occurred osteopenia, second, compared three groups, the correlation of BMD results was some of the highest between Lumbar spine and Proximal femur of T-score & Z-score. the correlation of BMD results is very high. It is regarded that there will be a clinical availability which can analogize the result of a part by using the result of the other part.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of discomfort. self - esteem. personality and life - satisfaction in persons with rheumatoid arthritis and to provide basic data to help them attain a better quality of life. From Jan. 27 to Feb. 24, 1988, 53 patients, registered at a rheumatic clinic at one general hospital in Seoul, were accepted as subjects for this study. The instruments used for this study were a discomfort scale and life- satisfaction scale developed by the researcher, Rosenberg's Self - esteem Scale and Wallston and Wallston's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MEILC) Scale. The reliability of the scales were tested by Cronsbach's alpha. The collected data were analyzed by the SAS program using unpaired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in the subjects perceived discomfort level(t＝-3.49, p＝ .0010) between the onset of the disease(14.87$\pm$9.02) and the present(19.87$\pm$8.44). 2. There was a significant correlation between the MHLC - internal score and the MHLC -chance score (r＝-.4366, p＝ .0011). 3. The findings related to the demographic variables regarding the MHLC scores were as follows : 1) Regarding sex, there was a significant difference for the MHLC -internal score(t＝4.2572, df＝15.2, p＝ .0007) between male(32.13$\pm$2.47) and female(27.56$\pm$4.17). But the MHLC-chance score for male(15.13$\pm$2.85) was lower(t＝3.1539, df＝21.8, p$\pm$ .0047) than for female(19.47$\pm$6.29). 2) Regarding educational background, the MHLC - chance score for the below - high school group(20.52$\pm$5.81) was higher(t＝2.5450, df＝51.0, p＝ .0140) than the college graduate group(16.41$\pm$5.76). 4. The average Self - esteem score was 26.87 (S.D.＝5.29) and there was a significant correlation between the Self- esteem score and the MHLC - chance score (r＝ .3122, p＝ .0026). 5. It was found that the subjects' Discomfort score was correlated with the Self -esteem score(r＝-.3788, p＝ .0051) and the Life - satisfaction score(r＝-3570, p＝ .0087). It was also found that subjects' Self - esteem score was correlated with the Life-satisfaction score(r＝ .4474, p＝ .0008).

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2010

This study tested how S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) ratios and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values vary with different T-scores in a group of patients with osteoporosis. Based on DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) T-scores for L1.L4 for two groups of subjects consisting of 30 healthy people without osteoporosis and 30 patients who came for treatment of waist (lumbar or low back) pain and were suspected to have osteoporosis as judged from the simple X-ray findings, this study classified every spine into two groups of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Signal intensity measurements were made in the four regions of L1 to L4 on diffusion-weighted MR images obtained using 1.5T MR scanner, while ADC measurements were obtained from ADC map images. As an approach for quantitative analysis, the comparison of the variances in S/N ratios and ADC values for varying T-scores in the selected regions of interest was carried out based on averaged T-scores, S/N ratios, and ADC values. Also, the variances in S/N ratios and ADC values for each of the groups of osteoporosis and osteopenia, which were classified into by T-scores, were compared. For qualitative analysis, a careful naked eye examination of signal intensity differences in the area of L4 was made on T1-weighted sagittal images for each of the healthy (normal), osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups. In the qualitative analysis, it was found that for both the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, as T-scores deceased, the S/N ratios on diffusion-weighted MR images also decreased, with the greatest decrease in the S/N ratio found in the osteoporosis group. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest S/N ratio was found in the osteoporosis group. With respect to ADC map, it was found that for both the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, as T-scores deceased, the ADC values on diffusion-weighted MR images also decreased, with the greatest decrease in the ADC values found in the osteoporosis group. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest ADC value was found in the osteoporosis group. On the other hand, in the qualitative analysis, the osteoporosis group showed the highest signal intensity. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest signal intensity was found in the healthy (normal) group. It was found that as osteoporosis progressed, S/N ratio and ADC decreased, whereas signal intensity increased on T1-weighted images. Also, in diagnosing osteoporosis, MRI tests turned out to be (more) effective.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

Objectives The relationship between metabolic syndrome causes and bone mineral density (BMD) was explored by taking 60 female chronic low back pain patients with age 61 years old or elder having metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis as study subjects. Methods Fasting blood glucose, serum total-cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL were measured by biochemical tests. Anthropometric elements and blood pressure were measured. Results Average BMD and T-score of part number 1 to 3 of lumbar vertebra were estimated by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). In order to find the relationship between clinical factors and osteoporosis, correlation analysis was done on T-score. Age (r=0.679, p<0.01) had significant negative correlation and weight (r=0.342, p<0.01) and height (r=0.475, p<0.01) had significant positive correlation. Blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and body mass index did not have significant correlation. BMD had negative correlation with age (r=0.317, p<0.05). Regression analysis was done by taking T-score as independent variables and taking other factors as dependent variables. It was possible to know that age ($\beta$=-0.471, t=-7.050) with p<0.001, height ($\beta$=0.277, t=4.120) and weight ($\beta$=2.856, t=2.780) with p<0.05 have significant impact on osteoporosis. Conclusions Therefore, it was possible to know that T-score and BMD decrease as one gets older and T-score and BMD increase as one is taller and heavier.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

Background: The diagnostic criteria of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have mainly focused on dichotomous (yes/no) categorization, which makes it difficult to compare the inter-patient's condition and to evaluate the intra-patient's subtle severity over the course of time. To overcome this limitation, many efforts have been made to create laboratory methods or scoring systems to reflect the severity of CRPS; measurement of the skin temperature asymmetry is one of the former, and the CRPS severity score (CSS) is one of the latter. However, there has been no study on the correlations among the CSS, temperature asymmetry and subjective pain score. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is any correlation between the CSS, skin temperature asymmetry and subjective pain score. Methods: Patients affected with CRPS in a unilateral limb were included in this study. After making a diagnosis of CRPS according to the Budapest criteria, the CSS and skin temperature difference between the affected and unaffected limb (${\Delta}T$) was measured in each patient. Finally, we conducted a correlation analysis among the CSS, ${\Delta}T$ and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the patients. Results: A total of 42 patients were included in this study. There was no significant correlation between the ${\Delta}T$ and VAS score (Spearman's rho = 0.066, P = 0.677). Also, the CSS and VAS score showed no significant correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.163, P = 0.303). Conclusions: The ${\Delta}T$ and CSS do not seem to reflect the degree of subjective pain in CRPS patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density, dietary habits, life styles and anthropometric measurements in young women. Subjects included 229 female college students in Seoul and Kyunggi province. Method: The subjects were asked about dietary habits and life styles using questionnaire. A sampel of 229 young women was assessed anthropometric measurements and bone mineral density on calcaneous using quantitative ultrasound. Result: The percentages of the osteoporosis(T-score<-2.5), osteopenia(-2.5${\leq}$T-score<-1.0), and normal(T-score${\geq}$-1.0) groups were 1.75%, 13.53% and 84.71%, respectively. Weight, soft lean mass, and BMI were positively related with T-score and Z-score. But height was negative related with SOS(Speed of sounds). Conclusion: This study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone mineral density less in young women is to maintain an adequate body weight, soft lean mass, and BMI. And the young women were recommended do not one-side eating, daily intakes of milk products, perform daily physical exercise, and do not drink coke or soft drinks for the bone health.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to identify K.A.P. of industrial workers on health management. The study was conducted Dec 5, 1992 to March 10, 1993. The results were as follows : 1. The total Score of K.A.P. of industrial worker on the Knowledge of industrial health management was 2.52, the Attitude score was 42, the Practice score 2, 62. 2. The office workers' score on K.A.P.(T=-2. 11, P=.038) Attitude score(T=-2.03, P=.045) were higher than that of productive workers' 3. The K.A.P. score of married worker was higher than that of single workers, and showed significant differences statistically. 4. There are significant statistical differences in the Attitude score of workers according to age(F=2.26, F=.0304). 5. There were statistically significant differences among total Scores of K.A.P. (F=3.1141, P=.0498). Practice score(F=8.4421, P=.0004), Knowledge Score (F=3.5833, P=.0323). Performed 84.7%. 6. The relationship between industrial worker's health level score and industrial health status had reverse relationship(R=-.7689. P<.001) Therefore the companies that performed better health management attained a higher health level.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cold hypersensitivity and bone mineral density. Methods 28 outpatients who visited OO University Oriental Hospital from July 11th, 2013 to August 28th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference greater than 0.3 ℃ between upper arm and palm and also with more than VAS 4 of cold hypersensitivity were diagnosed with cold sensitivity. Lumba spine (L2-4) and heel bone measurement were obtained on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). Results 1. There was statistically significant correlation between T-score of DEXA and body weight (0.522), BMI (0.643), OSTA (Osteoporosis elf-assesment Tool for Asians, 0.579), BMI, T-score and Z-score of QCT. OSTA and T-score of QCT (0.521) also had statistically significance. 2. There was no statistically significant correlation between body fat, abdominal obesity rate, degree of cold hypersensitivity, upper arm and palm's temperature difference, palm temperature, height and Z-score, T-score of QCT or T-sore of DEXA. Conclusions Bone mineral density was lower in women who had cold hypersensitivity of hand and feet. But there was no statistically significant correlation between bone mineral density and degree of cold hypersensitivity, upper arm and palm’s temperature difference.