• 제목/요약/키워드: T-P (Total Phosphorus)

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일체형 완속교반침전조와 섬유여과기를 이용한 반류수 인 제어시스템의 경제성 연구 (Economic Assesment of Phosphorus Control System for Reject Water using a Integral Type Slow Mixing/Sedimentation Tank and Fiber Filter)

  • 김미란;김정숙;장정국
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제55권6호
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    • pp.822-829
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    • 2017
  • 하수처리장에서의 총 인 저감을 위한 방안으로 완속교반/침전 섬유여과시스템을 적용하여 하수 방류수와 반류수를 제어하는 방법에 대해 비교 검토하였다. 물질수지를 통해 인의 최종 농도를 강화된 기준치인 0.2 mg/L로 낮추기 위해서는 약 92.4 kg T-P/day를 제거해야 되는 것으로 분석되었으며, 이를 위한 총 인 제거효율은 하수 방류수는 96%, 반류수(탈수여액)은 69.2% 이상이 되어야 한다. 총 인 제거 목표치를 달성하기 위한 시스템 운영비용을 검토하였으며, 하수방류수를 처리하는 것보다 유량은 적으나 고농도의 인을 함유한 반류수를 처리하는 것이 약품비용은 약 1/2.4, 전력비용은 약 1/120 정도로 절감되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 반류수 처리를 위해 개발시스템인 완속교반/침전 섬유여과시스템과 일반적인 응집침전시스템을 적용하는 경우에 대한 경제성을 검토하였으며, 완속교반/침전 섬유여과시스템이 일반적인 응집침전시스템에 비해 설치면적이 약 1/7로 작고 약품소요량 및 전력비를 포함한 연간운전비용은 약 1/1.7 소요되어 개발시스템이 보다 경제성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

Chemical and Biological Analyses of Bay Sediment Where Magnesium Oxide Compounds Are Applied

  • Cho, Daechul;Jiang, Sunny;Kwon, Sung-Hyun
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.101-105
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    • 2014
  • Three magnesium compounds, $MgO_2$, MgO, and $Mg(OH)_2$, which are supposed to supply oxygen continuously, were applied onto contaminated bay sediment and its ecology in order to activate the local microbial flora. Those compounds were found to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P). Magnesium oxide, in particular, reduced COD by 30% and T-N and T-P considerably. All compounds also suppressed the release of pollutants in the order $MgO_2$, MgO, and $Mg(OH)_2$. Analysis of microbial flora showed that the microbial group treated by $MgO_2$ and $Mg(OH)_2$ was predictably stable; meanwhile, that treated by MgO increased the number of species, but decreased the total number of microorganisms.

북한강수계 농업 소유역의 수질변화 모니터링 (Monitoring on Water Quality Changes of Rural Watersheds in the North Han River Basin)

  • 최중대;양재의;김도환;최병용;최경진;박지성
    • 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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    • pp.695-700
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    • 1999
  • Stream and groundwater qualities of two rural watershes in the upper North Han river basin were monitored for 14months. Six to eight stream sampling sites and two to there groundwater monitoring wells were chosen and water samples were regularyl collected and analyzed with respect to total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P) and total suspended solids(TSS). Monitoring data were graphically analyzed with respect to time.Rainfall amout and intensity seemed to have an impact on stream T-N and T-P concentration changes. TSS concentrations were generally lower than the first class stream water quality standared, Both stream and groundwater qualities near livesstock feetlot areas were degraded indicating the feedlots have an impact on water quality.

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Effect of Microbial Phytase on Performance, Nutrient Absorption and Excretion in Weaned Pigs and Apparent Ileal Nutrient Digestibility in Growing Pigs

  • Zeng, Z.K.;Piao, X.S.;Wang, D.;Li, P.F.;Xue, L.F.;Salmon, Lorraine;Zhang, H.Y.;Han, X.;Liu, L.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제24권8호
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    • pp.1164-1172
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    • 2011
  • Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma reesei derived phytase for pigs fed diets with fixed calcium to total phosphorus ratios (1.5:1). In Exp. 1, 280 weaned pigs (initial BW of $10.32{\pm}1.94$ kg) were allocated to one of five dietary treatments on the basis of weight and gender in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were the low phosphorus (0.6% Ca, 0.4% total P and 0.23% available P) diets supplemented with 0, 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU phytase/kg of diet and a positive control diet (PC; 0.85% Ca, 0.58% total P and 0.37% available P). The treatments were applied to seven pens with eight pigs per pen, half male and half female. In Exp. 2, six barrows fitted with ileal T-cannula (initial BW = $35.1{\pm}1.6$ kg) were assigned to three dietary treatments with a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. The dietary treatments were the low-phosphorus diet (0.53% Ca, 0.34% total P and 0.14% available P), the low phosphorus diet plus 1,000 FTU phytase/kg and a positive control diet (0.77% Ca, 0.50% total P and 0.30% available P). In Exp. 1, there were linear increases (p<0.01) in weight gain, phosphorus absorption, bone strength, calcium and phosphorus content of fat-free dried bone and plasma phosphorus concentrations with increasing dose rate of phytase. The performance of pigs fed the diets with 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet. Pigs fed diets with 1,000 or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in bone characteristics. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ash and energy was not affected by dietary treatment. However, pigs fed the PC diet excreted more fecal phosphorus (g/d, p<0.01) and fecal phosphorus per BW gain (g/kg) than pigs fed the diets with phytase. Phytase linearly decreased (p<0.01) fecal phosphorus excreted per BW gain (g/kg), plasma calcium concentration as well as plasma and bone alkaline phosphatase activity. In Exp. 2, phytase supplementation in the low-P diet increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca, P, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and cysteine, tended to AID of crude protein, isoleucine, threonine, asparagine and serine. In conclusion, the novel phytase originated from Trichoderma reesei is effective in releasing Ca, P, and amino acids from corn soy based diet for pigs.

인 제거 입상소재를 적용한 여과수로 설계인자의 실험적 결정 (Experimental determination of design parameters for filtration trench using phosphorus removal granular materials)

  • 장여주;임현만;정진홍;안광호;장향연;박나리;김원재
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2019
  • The algal blooms in stagnant streams and lakes have caused many problems. Excessive algae leads to disturbance of ecosystem and overload of water treatment processes. Therefore, phosphorus(P), source of algal blooms, should be controlled. In this study, a filtration trench has been developed to convert dissolved phosphorus into hydroxyapatite(HAP) so that it could be crystallized on the surface of 'phosphorus removal granular material'; and residual particulate phosphorus could be removed by additional precipitation and filtration. The front and rear parts of filtration trench consisted of 'phosphorus removal granular material contact bed' and 'limestone filtration bed', respectively. As a result of the column test using phosphorus removal granular material and limestone serially, $PO_4-P$ was removed more than 90% when EBCT(empty bed contact time) of the contact bed was over 20 minutes; and T-P represented 60% of removal efficiency when total EBCT was over 1.5 hours. The results of column tests to figure out the sedimentation characteristics showed that more than 90% of particulate phosphorus could be removed within 24 hours. It was necessary to optimize the filtration part in order to increase removal efficiency of T-P additionally. Also, it was confirmed through the simulation of Visual MINTEQ that most of particulate phosphorus in the column tests is the form of HAP. Based on the results of the study, it could be suggested that the design parameters are over 0.5 hour of EBCT for phosphorus removal granular material contact bed and over 1.5 hours of EBCT for limestone filtration bed.

Investigation of Hanwoo manure management and estimation of nutrient loading coefficients on land application

  • Won, Seunggun;You, Byung-Gu;Ra, Changsix
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제57권5호
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    • pp.20.1-20.8
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    • 2015
  • Background: In order to prepare for the regulation about the limit of manure production, the status of manure management and the amount of nutrients in the compost discharged from Hanwoo breeding farm shall be known. This study aimed to find the practical amount of nutrients (volatile solids, VS; total nitrogen, T-N; total phosphorus, T-P) in manure, and compost samples collected from 40 Hanwoo breeding farms and the loss of the nutrients was calculated during the composting period, which supports to develop nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) for each nutrient. Results: Although the addition of bedding materials for composting caused the increase of the VS amount before composting, the comparison of VS, N, and P amounts in between manure and compost showed the lower VS by 4 % as well as T-N and T-P amounts by 69 and 40 %, respectively, of which values were corresponded with the NLCs of 0.96, 0.31, and 0.60 for VS, N, and P, respectively, based on the questionnaire, and sample analyses. Considering with the environmental impacts including land application from Hanwoo manure, P loss should be zero before and after composting. In this regard, nitrogen loss of 50 % occurs and VS was increased by 30 %. In addition, feasible cases for the calculations based on the notification from Ministry of Environment were compared with this study. Conclusions: The development of NLCs from Hanwoo manure in this study implies that the loss of nutrients in manure occurs during the composting or storing period. The mass balances of N and P from livestock manure to land application may be overestimated over the practical values. It is necessary to build up the database about each livestock category other than Hanwoo.

Effect of Supplementing Sheep with Sunflower Acid Oil or its Calcium Soap on Nutrient Utilization

  • Alexander, G.;Rao, Z. Prabhakara;Prasad, J. Rama
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권9호
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    • pp.1288-1293
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    • 2002
  • Four adult rams ($22.25{\pm}0.90kg$) were used in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design to evaluate the rations without ($T_1$) or with supplementation of sunflower acid oil at 5 ($T_2$), 10 ($T_3$) or calcium soap at 10% of dietary DM ($T_4$) on nutrient digestibility and balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. The basal ration contained 60 parts Brazilian napier grass hay and 40 parts concentrate mixture. The DM, CF, NDF and ADF digestibilities and nitrogen retention (g/d) decreased (p<0.01) by inclusion of sunflower acid oil at 5% of dietary DM. In addition, depression (p<0.01) in digestibilities of CP, nitrogen free extract (NFE), cellulose, hemicellulose, retention of calcium and phosphorus (g/d) were also observed with increasing the level of sunflower acid oil to 10% of dietary DM. The EE digestibility, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content and calcium retention (g/d) were significantly higher (p<0.01) for ration supplemented with calcium soap. It is concluded that sunflower acid oil supplementation in free form as low as 5% of dietary DM is deleterious to fibre digestion in sheep while as calcium soap, it can be fed up to 10% of dietary DM as an energy source without any adverse effect.

대두(大豆)의 품종별(品種別) A-value에 대하여 (Varietal Differences of Soybean in A-Values)

  • 안학수;정희돈;이춘영
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.261-268
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    • 1970
  • 1. 대체적(大體的)으로 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 공시(供試)에서 토양(土壤)의 A-value는 $40{\sim}50kg/10a$(as $P_2O_5$) 선(線)으로 추산(推算)되었다. 2. 시용(施用) 인산(燐酸)의 기여도(寄與度)는 10%선(線)으로 어림할 수 있었다. 3. 이들 시용(施用) 인산(燐酸)의 기여도(寄與度) 및 A-value는 품종(品種) 상호간(相互間)에 상당(相當)한 차(差)를 인정(認定)할 수 있었으며 그 폭(幅)은 대강 30%선(線)이었다. 4. 가급태(可給態) 인산량(燐酸量)의 최대치(最大値)인 A-value와 최소(最少値)인 체내흡수기존(體內吸收旣存) 토양(土壤) 인산량간(燐酸量間)의 비(比)(A/M-value)는 작물체(作物體)에 대한 가급(可給) 한계선(限界線)을 설정(設定)할 수 있는 지표적(指標的) 수치(數値)라고 보아 무방(無妨)할 것으로 생각된다.

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알루미늄의 전기분해를 이용한 오수 중의 인 제거 (Phosphorus Removal from Domestic Sewage by Electrolysis with Aluminium Electrodes)

  • 정경훈;최형일;정오진
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 1999
  • A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the phosphorus removal using the activated sludge-electrolysis reactor which consisted of A$^2$/O system and aluminium electrodes as cathode and anode. In this system, the phosphorus was removed by aluminium ion, which was eluted from aluminiumelectrodes by electrolysis. In the batch experiments, when the current densities were 0.026, 0.052 and 0.08 A/dm$^2$, the phosphorus removal efficiencies for synthetic sewage were 66.4, 86.4 and 98.7% respectively. These results showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency increased with the increase of the current density. When the current values were 13, 26 and 40 mA respectively, the amounts of Al$^{3+}$ eluted from electrodes according to Faraday's law were 0.049, 0.07 and 0.12 g and Al/P mole ratio were 1.1, 2.0 and 3.41. In the continuous experiments, As hydraulic retention time(HRT) increased, COD and total nitrogen(T-N) removal efficiencies for domestic sewage increased. The average phosphorus removal rates of the activated sludge-electrolysis system were 97, 91, 80 and 80% at the HRT of 48, 24, 18 and 12 hours, respectively. Especially, the phosphorus removal rate in the activated sludge system with aluminium electrodes was higher than that in the system without aluminium electrodes.

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부유 및 부착성장 미생물을 이용하는 공정의 유기물, 질소 및 인 제거 특성 비교 (Comparison of Removal Characteristics of Organic Matter, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Between Suspended-Growth and Attached-Growth Biological Processes)

  • 류홍덕;이상일
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.206-214
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 도시하수 처리시 부유성장 미생물만을 이용하는 표준 활성슬러지 공정(Conventional Activated Sludge; CAS) 및 MLE(Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) 공정과 부유 및 부착 미생물을 동시에 활용하는 하이브리드(hybrid)형 공정인 M-Dephanox(Modified-Dephanox) 공정의 유기물, 질소 및 인 제거효율을 상호 비교 검토하고자 하였다. M-Dephanox 공정은 기존 Dephanox 공정의 단점을 극복하기 위하여 고안된 공정으로서 기존 Dephanox 공정에 비해 탈질 효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 연구 결과 부유 성장 미생물을 이용하는 MLE 공정에 비해 하이브리드형 공정인 M-Dephanox 공정의 TCOD, T-N 및 T-P 제거효율이 각각 12.3, 18.6, 28.2% 더 높게 관찰 되었다. M-Dephanox 공정이 MLE 공정에 비해 유기물 및 질소 제거 효율이 더 높은 원인은 M-Dephanox 공정이 하이브리드 공정이자 다단 슬러지 공정(multi-sludge)인 동시에 생흡착(biosorption)을 이용한 효과적인 유기물 이용 기작이 있기 때문이다. M-Dephanox 공정의 질산화 반응조에서의 암모니아성 질소 제거효율은 약 2hr의 수리학적 체류시간에서 약 96.7%로 나타나 Dephanox 공정과 관련한 기존 문헌에서 보고된 5 hr의 체류시간 보다 3 hr 짧은 수리학적 체류시간에서도 높은 암모니아성 질소 제거효율을 관찰 할 수 있어 전체 공정의 수리학적 체류시간을 줄이는데 커다란 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.