• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (Pyc) on survival and immune dysfunction of C57BL/6 mice induced by low micronutrient supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57/BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 7.5% of the recommended amount of micronutrients for a period of 12 wks (immunological assay) and 18 wks (survival test). For immunological assay, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine regulation, and hepatic oxidative status were determined. RESLUTS: Pyc supplementation with 50 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}bw{\cdot}d^{-1}$ resulted in partial extension of the median survival time. Pyc supplementation led to increased T and B cell response against mitogens and recovery of an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokine and increased secretion of Th2 cytokine. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by micronutrient deficiency, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level. However, Pyc supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation, which may result from restoration of hepatic vitamin E level. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that Pyc supplementation ameliorates premature death by restoring immune dysfunction, such as increasing lymphocyte proliferation and regulation of cytokine release from helper T cells, which may result from the antioxidative ability of Pyc.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2002

주정중독환자에서 초기 비특이적 면역력의 주된 반응인 백혈구 탐식작용을 이용하여 이들 환자들의 건강관리를 용이하게 할 수 있는지를 알아 보기위하여 백혈구 탐식 작용력을 측정하고자 실시하였고, 연구대상은 주정중독 의존형으로 진단된 남자 95명, 여자 3명과 대조군으로서는 건강한 헌혈자 32명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 또한 주정중독환자의 건강상태를 확인하기 위하여 백혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구 평균용적, 혈청 단백질 전기영동, 림프구 아형 분리 및 림파구 유약화 시험도 실시하였따. 분석결과에서 혈색소와 적혈구 평균용적은 대조군에 비하여 신, 장기 입원 환자군에서 유의할만한 차이를 보였으며(P<0.05), 총 T와 B 림프구는 감소하였고, $T_{Helper}/T_{suppressor}$ 비율은 $1.6{\pm}0.8%$로 증가하였다. 특히 신, 장기입원 주정중독자의 Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I을 사용한 백혈구의 phagocytic plaque 형성력에서도 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 저하되었고, 이제까지 보고된 바 없는 특이한 strange body, 사슬상 탐식현상을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 따라서 Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I을 사용한 백혈구의 phagocytic plaque 형성 시험은 특별한 기구가 없이 간단하게 이용 가능하여 주정중독환자의 초기 면역력 측정에 매우 유용한 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.386-394
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• 2008

본 연구는 적정 운동 강도 중 VO2max 50%와 70%의 운동 강도로 운동을 실시할 때, 각각 300kcal, 600kcal를 소비하는 시점에서 유발되는 면역세포의 변화를 분석함으로써 인체 면역 세포의 긍정적 변화와 면역력 강화를 위한 적정 운동방법을 규명하고자 남자학생 8명을 대상으로 GXT로 사전검사를 실시하여 최대운동검사를 통하여 측정된 피험자 개개인의 VO2max를 기준으로 각각 50%, 70%에 해당되는 산소섭취량과 경사도 및 속도를 산출하고, 산소섭취량(ml/min/kg)의 METs 및 칼로리 소비량을 대입, 전체 300kcal와 600kcal가 소모되는 운동시간을 산출하였다. 유산소운동에 따른 T, B, NK cell의 변화는 림프구 전체에서 T, B, NK 림프구가 차지하는 상대적 비율이 운동 강도에서는 유의한 차이가 없었고, T cell에서 에너지소비량(p<.01), 상호작용(p<.05)효과에서, B cell은 에너지소비량(p<.01)에서, NK cell은 에너지소비량(p<.001), 상호작용(p<.05)효과에서 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2001

오미자의 면역조절작용에 미치는 효과를 살펴본 결과, 오미자(SZX)는 T 및 B세포의 증식을 유의성있게 촉진시켰으며, in vivo 및 in vitro 실험에서 비장내의 T 및 B림프구를 증가시켰고, T세포 중 특히 $T_H$세포를 증가시켰다. 또한 흉선 T림프구 중의 $T_H$세포의 수를 증가시키는 작용을 나타냈다. 아울러 SZX는 in vitro계에서 L1210세포의 apoptosis를 유도하였으며, 복강대식세포에서의 탐식능 및 nitric oxide(NO)생성을 촉진시켰다. 이 결과는 복강대식세포로부터 생성된 NO가 L1210세포의 apoptosis를 유도하는데 중개역할을 하고 있을 가능성을 시사한다. 이상의 결과 오미자는 T, B림프구 및 대식세포 등의 면역세포의 활성을 증강시키는 작용을 보유하고 있으며, 암세포의 apoptosis를 유도하는 기능을 가지고 있음으로써 면역조절제로서의 역할을 가지는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2002

Single cell gel electrophoresis assay was carried out to evaluate DNA damage in T-and B-lymphocytes from rats exposed to benzene and the correlation between DNA damage and the level of t,t-muconic acids, which are urinary benzene metabolites, was investigated. In control rats, the mean values of Olive tail moments in T-and B-lymphocytes were 1.507$\pm$0.187 and 1.579$\pm$0.206 respectively. DNA damages of T-lymphocytes in rats exposed for 4 weeks showed the highest Olive tail moments at each benzene concentration examined (2.72-4.351). However this DNA damage was decreased after 6 weeks of exposure (1.74-2.09). DNA damages of B-lymphocytes did not show such differences with exposure time or benzene concentration (1.49-2.07) except at 200 ppm at 4 weeks. T-lymphocytes show significantly more damages than B-lymphocyte upon acute exposure to benzene.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.806-813
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• 1994

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Cervi cornu extract on lymphocyte blastogenesis in spleen, thymus, lymph node, born marrow cells of Balb/c mouse, haemagglutination reaction against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), plaque forming cell (PFC) assay against SRBC and IL-2 production. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was determined by $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation. According to the lymphcoyte blastogenesis test on the immune cell. Ceriv cornu extrat was showed a potent mitogenic activity on the spleen and lymph node cells, but had mild mitogenic activity on the thymus and born marrow cells. Mitogenic active component of Crevi cornu extract was identified to be materials where molecular weights are higher than 5,000 by membrane filteration method. Cervi cornu extrat was shown to increase mitogenic effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells significantly, but decrease mitogenic effect on the Con A stimulated spleen cell at the concentration 0.3%, 1% and 3%. Ceriv cornu extract didn't show to be haemagglutination reaction and showed to inhibit the Con A-induced haemagglutination reaction against SREC. Result of SRBC-PEC test. Ceriv cornu extract significantly increase the number of PEC at the concentration of 0.1% and 1%. When IL-2 or IL-4 production was determined by proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Ceriv cornu extract was not shown to stimulate the production of IL-2. From the above results, it is shown that Ceriv cornu extract increased antibody production by B cells, but nor IL-2 production by helper T cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

국내 젖소의 54.2%가 BLV에 감염되어 있지만 현재까지 국내에서는 소백혈병 바이러스 (BLV) 입자를 확인한 연구 보고가 없기 때문에 BLV 항체 양성 소의 말초혈액 림프구를 배양, BLV를 발현시켜 전자현미경으로 바이러스 입자를 검출하였고 배양조건에 따른 바이러스 발현율 및 발현 시간을 비교하였다. 검사 결과 전형적인 C-형 바이러스를 확인할 수 있었으며 BLV 단크론 항체를 이용한 면역염색결과 BLV 항원 양성으로 확인되었다. BLV는 대부분 세포 외부에 분포하고 있었으며 세포질 막에서 생성, 발아되어 나오는 것도 관찰되었다. 전체 바이러스의 크기는 $90{\sim}100$ nm였으며 nucleocapsid는 $40{\sim}60$nm였다. 소태아혈청 (FBS)과 T- 및 B-림프구 분열촉진물질(mitogen)을 각각 첨가하여 배양한 결과 두 군 모두에서 BLV 발현이 확인되었다. Lipopolysaccharide 첨가군은 배양 12시간, Conconavalin A 첨가군은 배양 24시간에 각각 림프구의 10%에서 바이러스가 관찰되었다. 또한 FBS만 첨가한 군과 FBS와 mitogen을 모두 첨가하지 않은 군에서도 관찰되었으나 바이러스의 수는 적었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 BLV 배양 기법을 활용하면 BLV에 감염된 소 중 바이러스를 발현하는 소, 즉 전파능이 있는 개체를 찾아내어 우선적으로 도태할 수 있기 때문에 BLV 감염으로 인한 피해를 막는데 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

The immune system is partially under the control of the sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems through the regulatory feedback loop. Methamphetamine (MA) is a neurotoxic chemical which affects the neurotransmitter system. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxic effect of MA on the major immune target organ and lymphocyte proliferation to the various mitogens. Female Balb/C mice, 15 to 20 g, were injected subcutaneously with 0, 0.5, or 5 mg MA/kg for 14 consecutive days. In MA treated mice, the body weight gain and relative spleen and thymus weight were decreased in doserelated manner. Histopathologically, there was a paucity of lymphold follicles and germinal centers in the spleen, and thymic cortical atrophy with lymphophagocytosis was prominent. Apoptosis also occurred in germinal centers of spleen and thymic cortex. The threshold and peak of lymphocyte proliferation at various concentration of mitogens showed similar patterns. However, the response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the 5 mg MA/kg treated group showed threshold and peak proliferation at high concentration of mitogens (25${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for MA vs 15${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for control; 60${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for MA vs 45${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for control), which suggest that MA impairs T cell dependent-B cell function. This preliminary study indicated that MA affected the lymphold organs and immune function.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2003

Background: CTLA4 (CD152), which is expressed on the surface of T cells following activation, has a much higher affinity for B7 molecules comparing to CD28, and is a negative regulator of T cell activation. In contrast to stimulating and agonistic capabilities of monoclonal antibodies specific to CTLA-4, CTLA4Ig fusion protein appears to act as CD28 antagonist and inhibits in vitro and in vivo T cell priming in variety of immunological conditions. We've set out to confirm whether inhibition of the CD28-B7 costimulatory response using a soluble form of human CTLA4Ig fusion protein would lead to persistent inhibition of alloreactive T cell activation. Methods: We have used CHO-$dhfr^-$ cell-line to produce CTLA4Ig fusion protein. After serum free culture of transfected cell line we purified this recombinant molecule by using protein A column. To confirm characterization of fusion protein, we carried out a series of Western blot, SDS-PAGE and silver staining analyses. We have also investigated the efficacy of CTLA4Ig in vitro such as mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) & cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and in vivo such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), graft versus host disease (GVHD) and skin-graft whether this fusion protein could inhibit alloreactive T cell activation and lead to immunosuppression of activated T cell. Results: In vitro assay, CTLA4Ig fusion protein inhibited immune response in T cell-specific manner: 1) Human CTLA4Ig inhibited allogeneic stimulation in murine MLR; 2) CTLA4Ig prevented the specific killing activity of CTL. In vivo assay, human CTLA4Ig revealed the capacities to induce alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in mouse model: 1) GVHD was efficiently blocked by dose-dependent manner; 2) Clinical score of EAE was significantly decreased compared to nomal control; 3) The time of skin-graft rejection was not different between CTLA4Ig treated and control group. Conclusion: Human CTLA4Ig suppress the T cell-mediated immune response and efficiently inhibit the EAE, GVHD in mouse model. The mechanism of T cell suppression by human CTLA4Ig fusion protein may be originated from the suppression of activity of cytotoxic T cell. Human CTLA4Ig could not suppress the rejection in mouse skin-graft, this finding suggests that other mechanism except the suppression of cytotoxic T cell may exist on the suppression of graft rejection.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.718-727
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• 2019

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell-/B cell-/NK cell+ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T-B+NK- cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.