• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2008

본 연구는 보강 강판-콘크리트로 이루어진 구조의 압축실험을 통해 압축강도 및 비탄성 파괴모드를 파악하기 위한 것이 주목적이다. 강판두께(t)에 대한 스터드 간격(B)비를 세가지(25, 33, 50)로 분류하여 압축강도 실험을 실시하였다. 실험을 통해서 보강 강판-콘크리트 구조의 압축강도는 콘크리트와 강판의 누가방식으로 예측하는 것이 타당하다고 판단되었다. 강판의 좌굴은 스터드와 스터드 사이의 취약한 부분에서 비탄성국부좌굴이 발생하였다. 그리고 압축하중 지배하의 보강 SC 구조물에 대한 압축강도의 경험적 계산치를 제시하였다. 좌굴 거동을 유한요소해석 결과와 비교하였으며 비교결과 실제 시험체의 좌굴거동과 유한요소해석 결과와 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2002

Objectives: Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang are herbal decoctions which have been used as traditional therapeutic agents for asthma. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang on immune Cell & serum OA-specific 19B in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in rat asthma model. Methods: Rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OA); at day I the sensitized group and Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang groups were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of $Al(OH)_3$ in a total volume of 2ml. At the same time, 1ml of 0.9% saline containing $6{\times}10^9$ B. pertussis bacilli was injected by i.p. for 14 days. After systemic immunization, the rats received local immunization by inhaling 0.9% saline aerosol containing 2% (wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BAL fluid was collected from the rats. A day after local immunization, rats were orally administered with each of Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang extract for 14 days. Lymphocyte, CD4+T-cell CD8+ T-cell counts, CD4+/CD8+ ratio in BALF, change of serum OA-specific IgE level, and CD4+T-cell CD8+T-cell percentage in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results: Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang showed a suppressive effect on the rat asthma model. Maekmoondong-tang decreased total cell, lymphocyte, CD4+T-cell, CD8+T-cell in BALF, and serum OA specific 19B level as compared with the control group, whereas Maekmoondong-tang decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio in BALF with statistical nonsignificance as compared with the control group. 1 decreased total cell, CD4+T-cell, CD4+/CD8+ ratio in BALF, and serum OA specific IgE level, whereas Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang decreased ymphocyte, and CD8+T-cell in BALF with statistical nonsignificance as compared with the control group. CD4+T-cell and CD8+ T-cell percentage in peripheral blood were not changed significantly in all the experimental groups. Conclusions: This study shows that Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang have a suppressive effect on asthma. Maekmooruiong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang would be useful asthma treatment agents.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2001

Background: An immunological approach for aging mechanism appears to be important. Lymphocyte subsets analysis in peripheral blood is widely performed to assess the immune status and to diagnose and monitor various diseases. Some lymphocyte subsets are known to change with age, but only few data about age-related reference ragnes for these subsets in healthy individuals have been reported. So we attempted to report reference ranges for these subsets in each age group and review changes of the results with age for the secondary studies about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (VDJ) including recombination activating genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2). Methods: Lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on 302 subjects, 189 males and 113 females with age group of all decades of life. Two color direct immunofluorescene flow cytometry (FCM) was done using $Simultest^{TM}$ IMK-Lymphocyte kit (Becton Dickinson, USA), $FACScan^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA) and $FACSCalibur^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA). Lymphocyte subsets analysed were T ($CD3^+$) and B cells ($CD19^+$), helper/inducer T ($CD4^+$) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells ($CD8^+$), helper/suppressor ($CD4^+/CD8^+$) ratio and natural killer (NK) cells ($CD3^-CD16^+/CD56^+$). The absolute numbers of each subset were calculated from total lymphocyte counts. Data collected was analysed using SAS 6.12. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We reported the counts and percentages of lymphocyte and these subsets in each age group. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. The percentage of $CD4^+$ T cells, and the count of NK cells did not show the significant difference among the various age groups. The age-related changes observed in our study were as following: 1) a decrease in the percentages of T cells, B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 2) a decrease in the counts of B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 3) an increase in the percentage and count of NK cells ; and 4) an increase in the $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio. Conclusion: The characteristics of aging process appeared to be showing a marked decrease of lympocyte subsets T and B cells as well as T8 ($CD8^+$). The age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing NK marker can be interpreted as a compensatory consequence to cope with the decrease of T cells related to the thymic involution. These changes with age appeared to be for the secondary study about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2000

BACGROUND: To examine effect of omahwan(烏麻丸)-赤何首烏(Polygonum multiflorum THUNB.), 白何首烏(Cynanchum wilfordii H.), 黑芝流(Sesamum indicum L.)-on the aged human immune system a series of humoral immunological parameters was compared in aged female (age 60-70 years) before and after administration of omahwan(烏麻丸). METHODS: Peripheral blood was obtained from fifteen healthy young (age 20-29, mean=66.3) female volunteers. B cell, T cell(T cells, T helper, and T suppressor/ cytotoxic) subsets was examined with specific monoclonal antibodies and isotype controls, using dural color flow cytometer IL-2 was examined with ELISA kit RESULT: By comparing the immune characteristics of the younger and elder groups the total ratio of T-cell, CD8 T-cell and quantify of IL-2 was significantly lower while CD4/CDB ratio was considerably greater in the elder group. ( p(0.05, student t-test) After giving Omahwan for 30 days to the elder group, by comparing the ratio before and after Prescription the total T cell and CD8 T cell ratio was considerably greater after prescription (p(0.05, Paired t-test) The quantity of IL-2 tended to increase after prescription but has no statistical meaning. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that administration of Omahwan(烏麻丸) differentially affects various aspects of the immune system in aged human.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2002

덩굴식물 개머루, 계요등, 까마귀머루, 담쟁이덩굴, 댕댕이덩굴, 인동덩굴, 하늘타리 등 7수종과 덩굴식물이 아닌 쇠뜨기, 쑥 등 2수종을 이용하여 광색소 함량과 SOD활성에 대하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 100 ppb 처리구에서 볼 때 엽록소 a, 엽록소 b, 총 엽록소 함량, 카로테노이드에서 담쟁이덩굴이 가장 많이 증가하였으며, 엽록소 b와 a의 비에서는 쇠뜨기, 카로테노이드와 총 엽록소의 비에서는 계요 등에서 가장 많이 증가하였다. 덩굴식물과 덩굴식물이 아닌 쇠뜨기, 쑥의 비교에서는 엽록소 b와 엽록소 a의 비에서 확실한 차이를 보였다. 엽록소 a와 b의 비에서보면 엽록소 b보다 엽록소 a가 더 민감한 차이를 보였으며, 수종에서는 담쟁이덩굴, 덩굴식물과 덩굴식물이 아닌 쇠뜨기, 쑥의 비교에서는 덩굴식물이 민감한 것으로 나타났다. SOD 활성에서는 100 ppb 처리구에서 덩굴식물류 7수종과 쇠뜨기, 쑥의 처리전과 처리후의 차이는 쑥에서 3535.7 unit/g로 매우 크게 증가하였으며, 계요 등이 109.3 unit/g로 가장 적게 증가하였고, 개머루 한 수종에서 131.7 unit/g로 감소했다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2007

Objective : To investigate the effect of Samilshinkihwan(SISKW) on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate. Methods : The test articles were dosed once a day for 14 days by gastric gavage at a dosage 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg/10ml of SISKW from 2 days after last MTX-dosing, and changes in body weight, spleen weight, total blood leukocyte numbers, total lymphocyte numbers, B and T lymphocyte ratio, CD3+CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in the blood and spleen were measured. In addition, the serum interleukin (IL)-2 levels and the productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells were also demonstrated in this study. Results : The changes on body weight increased significantly in the 1000mg/kgof SISKW group. The changes on the spleen weight, the total blood leukocytenumbers, the total lymphocyte numbers in the blood and spleen, the ratio of T-cell in the blood and spleen and the ratio of CD3+CD4+ T-cell in spleen increased significantly in all SISKW groups as compared with the control group. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells in blood increased significantly. The serum IL-2 levels and productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg SISKW groups as compared with the control group. Conclusions : Samilshinkihwanhas an effect of increasing immune responses, especially on cellular immune responses, in white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2000

The paper investigates electrical discharge properties in neon gas mixed with xenon. The breakdown temperature T$\sub$b/ and voltage V$\sub$b/ are obtained in terms of the gas mixture ratio X. It is shown that the breakdown voltage decreases, reaches the minimum value at X=0.02 and then increases again, as the mixture ratio X increases from zero to unity. Therefore, mixing the neon gas with a few percent of xenon is the most beneficial to reduce the breakdown voltage. Plasma density at breakdown in neon gas mixed with xenon is described in terms of the gas mixture ratio. The optimum value of mixture ratio for highest plasma density is found to be Xm=0.03. A preliminary experiment of AC-PDP is carried out for neon gas mixed with a few percent of xenon to verify some of the theoretical models. The experimental data agree qualitatively well with theoretical predictions.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2010

요추 압박 골절이 있는 환자를 대상으로 1.5 T MR 기기에서 b value의 변화를 이용한 확산강조영상에서 압박 골절이 있는 요추의 신호대 잡음비와 현성 확산 계수가 어떤 변화를 나타내는지 알아보고자 하였다. 2008년 1월부터 2009년 11월까지 요추 MRI를 촬영한 환자 중에서 만성 골다공증으로 척추 압박 골절을 보였던 환자 30명을 대상으로 1.5T MR scanner를 이용하여 b value를 400, 600, 800, 1000, $1200\;s/mm^2$으로 점차 증가시켜가면서 확산강조영상을 각각 획득하였다. 각각의 b value로 획득한 확산강조영상에서 1~5번의 요추체중 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위와 골절이 있는 부위의 위, 아래 추간판등 세 부위에서 신호대 잡음비를 측정하였고 각각의 b value로 획득한 ADC map 영상에서는 세 부위의 신호대 잡음비와 현성 확산 계수를 측정 하였다. 정량적 분석방법으로 b value $400\;s/mm^2$으로 획득한 확산강조영상과 ADC map영상을 기준으로 각각의 b value로 획득한 영상과 비교하였다. 정성적인 분석방법은 b value $400\;s/mm^2$ 확산강조영상과 ADC map영상의 1~5번의 요추체중 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위의의 신호강도를 분석하여 이를 기준으로 각각의 b value를 증가시켰을 때의 확산강조영상과 ADC map영상에서 신호강도가 상대적으로 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보았다. 영상의 정량적 분석에서는 확산강조영상에서 b value가 증가함에 따라 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위와 골절이 있는 부위의 위, 아래 추간판등 세 부위 모두 신호대 잡음비가 상대적으로 감소했다. ADC map영상에서는 b value가 증가함에 따라 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위와 골절이 있는 부위의 위, 아래 추간판등 세 부위 모두 신호대 잡음비가 상대적으로 감소했다. ADC map영상에서 b value에 따른 관심영역의 현성 확산 계수는 b value가 증가함에 따라 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위와 골절이 있는 부위의 위, 아래 추간판등 세 부위 모두 현성 확산 계수가 상대적으로 감소했다. 영상의 정성적 분석에서 b value를 $400\;s/mm^2$ 이상으로 증가시킴에 따라 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위와 골절이 있는 부위의 위, 아래 추간판등 세 부위 모두 신호강도가 점차 감소하였고 b value를 $1,000\;s/mm^2$ 이상으로 했을 때에는 세 부위 모두 영상의 잡음이 매우 심했다. 또한 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위는 상대적으로 위, 아래 추간판 보다 높은 신호강도를 보였다. 확산강조영상에서 b value를 증가시킴에 따라 척추 압박 골절이 있는 부위와 골절이 있는 부위의 위, 아래 추간판 등 세부위 모두 신호대 잡음비와 현성확산계수가 점차 감소하는 결과를 얻었고 향후 확산강조영상 검사 시 Multi b value를 사용하여 신호의 변화를 인지함으로서 여러 가지 척추질환으로의 적용에 도움을 줄 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1981

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of free thyroxine (FT4) by radioimmunoassay, we measured free $T_4\;and\;T_4,\;T_3,\;T_3RU$, TSH and TBG serum levels by radioimmunoassay in 18 healthy persons and 52 patients with various thyroid diseases and 11 normal pregnant women. The results are as follows. 1. In 19 cases of overt hyperthyroidism, $T_3,\;free\;T_4$ and FTI, $T_4/TBG$ ratio reflect hyperfunction in all cases. $T_4$ is increased in 94% (18/19) and TBG and TSH are decreased in 79% (15/19). 2. In 8 patients with overt hypothyroidism, TSH is increased in all cases and free $T_4$ and FTI is decreased in all cases. $T_4$ is decreased in 87.5% (7/8), $T_3$ is decreased in 75% (6/8) and $T_4/TBG$ ratio is decreased in 62.5% (5/8). 3. In 5 patients who are clinically in euthyroid state after treatment of hyperthyroidism, $T_4,\;free\;T_4$, FTI and TSH are in the normal range in all cases and $T_3$ is normal in 60% (3/5) and slightly increased in 40% (2/5). 4. In 10 patients who showed clinically borderline hypothyroidism after treatment of hyperthyroidism, TSH is increased in all cases and free $T_4$ and FTI are decreased in all cases, but $T_4\;and\;T_3,\;T_4/TBG$ ratio are in the normal limit in all cases. So after treatment of hyperthyroidism, TSH, free $T_4$ or FTI are recommended as optimal thyroid function test. 5. In normal pregnancy, free $T_4$, FTI and $T_4/TBG$ ratio reflect normal function, but the other parameters revealed unreliable due to the influence of increased TBG. Also TBG and TSH level in pregnancy is increased significantly compared with normal healthy control group. 6. The coefficients of correlation between free $T_4$ and FTI were 0.862 (p<0.001) and 0.685 (p<0.001) between free $T_4\;and\;T_4/TBG$ ratio. In most patients, diagnostic value of free $T_4$ was comparable and even superior to FTI, so free $T_4$ measurement can be used routinely with thyrotropin assay in the diagnosis of hypothyrodism or with $T_3$ for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1613-1617
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• 2006

The total light efficiencies of the novel 1.9" transflective tRGB-t/rW and tRGB-rW TFT LCDs are calculated and they are implemented by the traditional 7-mask ${\alpha}$-Si processing. Then, the two vehicles are turned on with the appropriate Sub-Pixel Rendering White (SPRW) algorithms, so they can exhibit the extra luminance without the original visual resolution loss. Their outstanding optical properties are approved by measuring the contrast ratio (C.R.) and the NTSC ratio. Because they utilize the light resource very effectively and efficiently, they are very suitable for the dark indoor and the bright outdoor environments.