• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Ramyen and Korean noodles (guksu) are popular foods in Korea and around the world. Since 1998, rice consumption in Korea has gradually decreased, whereas consumption of noodles has continuously increased. The purpose of this study is to assess the consumption of ramyen and Korean noodles of Koreans, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2007. Korean adults (>20) were selected to examine the associations between noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake and health status. SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 9.1 were used for the data analysis. 10.3% of Korean adults consumed ramyen, and 15.4% consumed Korean noodles. The consumption of ramyen and Korean noodles were higher in men than in women, in lunch than in other meals, and in the lowest income quartile than the highest quartile. Ramyen and Korean noodle consumer groups consumed more grain products, seasonings, and oils than the nonconsumer group. The noodle group showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure than the non-consumer group. The noodle groups showed lower rates of hypertension and metabolic syndrome than the non-consumer group. From these results, we conclude that ramyen and Korean noodles may have positive health effects. More studies on the association between noodles and the health of Koreans and those in other countries should be done in the future.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.681-692
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the bone density and processed food intake behavior of middle-aged and elderly women in the Seoul area. The subjects were assigned to one of the following groups on the basis of BMI: namely, the underweight, normal, and overweight groups. The results are summarized as follows: The average BMI and systolic blood pressure of the three groups were 19.0, 127.3 mmHg; 22.4, 132.8 mmHg; and 26.8, 136.1 mmHg respectively. The BQI and T-scores of the three groups were as follows: 56.6, -2.50; 62.3, -2.22; 66.0, -2.03 respectively. The bone status of the three groups, in terms of the percentage of normal and osteoporosis, were 9.5%, 52.4%; 8.3% 33.0%; and 8.8%, 23.6% respectively. We noted no significant differences in processed food intake (frozen, cold and can processed food, instant and convenience store food, basic side dishes) behavior among the three groups. However, we recorded a negative value between processed food intake and bone density (BQI, T-score, %young adult, Z-score, %age-matched) generally. In particular, ramyeon (r=-0.1574, p<0.05) and cup-ramyeon (r=-0.1996, p<0.05) intake were significantly associated with the T-scores of bone density levels. The results of this study revealed that processed food intake was not generally desirable for healthy bone. Thus, practically and systematically organized education regarding a good and healthy dietary life is highly recommended.

• 운동과학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of waist to height ratio (WHtR) and resting heart rate (RHR) with cardio-metabolic risk factors among Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis included a total of 1,540 postmenopausal women. RESULTS: Individuals with higher WHtR (>0.56) showed significantly higher glucose, triglyceride, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with ones with lower WHtR (≤0.51). Similar findings were found in those with higher RHR (≥90 bpm) compared with ones with lower RHR (<60 bpm) for glucose and HOMA-IR. When determining the combined effects of WHtR and RHR on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, individual with WHtR above 0.5 and RHR above 80 bpm showed 10.39 times higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with those with WHtR below 0.5 and RHR below 70 bpm. We further performed multiple linear regression analysis to understand how WHtR and RHR contribute to fasting glucose, and found that both WHtR and RHR contribute to fasting glucose levels independent of age, education level, marital status and income level. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that the WHtR and RHR are associated with cardio-metabolic risk factor and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2024

Purpose: Helicopter transport with medical teams has been proven to be effective, with improvements in patient survival rates. This study compared and analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of trauma patients transported by doctor helicopters according to whether patients were transferred after a clinical evaluation or without a clinical evaluation. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed data from the Korean Trauma Data Bank of trauma patients who arrived at a regional trauma center through doctor helicopters from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: doctor helicopter transport before evaluation (DHTBE) and doctor helicopter transport after evaluation (DHTAE). These groups were compared. Results: The study population included 351 cases. At the time of arrival at the trauma center, the systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the DHTAE group than in the DHTBE group (P=0.018). The Injury Severity Score was significantly higher in the DHTAE group (P<0.001), and the accident to trauma center arrival time was significantly shorter in the DHTBE group (P<0.001). Mortality did not show a statistically significant between-group difference (P=0.094). Surgical cases in the DHTAE group had a longer time from the accident scene to trauma center arrival (P=0.002). The time from the accident to the operation room or from the accident to angioembolization showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: DHTAE was associated with significantly longer transport times to the trauma center, as well as nonstatistically significant trends for delays in receiving surgery and procedures, as well as higher mortality. If severe trauma is suspected, air transport to a trauma center should be requested immediately after a simple screening test (e.g., mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, or Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma), which may help reduce the time to definitive treatment.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study examined the distribution dynamics and proposed determinants, including morphological measurements, clinical laboratory tests, and lifestyle factors among young Korean men aged 20 to 29 years with the coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity (CALSMO). METHODS: Six hundred and sixty-six participants were divided into two groups based on their skeletal muscle mass index, with 12 individuals categorized in the CALSMO group and the remaining 654 in the normal group. The proposed determinants variables consisted of three main components: morphological measurements, clinical laboratory tests, and lifestyle factors. The morphological measurement variables were height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and skeletal muscle mass index. The clinical laboratory tests were fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The lifestyle factors considered were alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Complex sampling analysis was performed for the evaluation. RESULTS: The distribution dynamics were determined to be 1.81(1.02-3.18) %. Morphological factors, such as height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and skeletal muscle mass index, showed significant differences (p < .05). The clinical laboratory test variables, specifically the fasting glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, also exhibited significant differences (p < .05). The lifestyle factor, alcohol consumption, also showed a significance (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into the distribution dynamics. The proposed determinants in young Korean individuals with CALSMO are height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and alcohol consumption.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.270-287
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: Blood pressure (BP) measurement using an auscultatory sphygmomanometer is recommended for diagnosing hypertension in children. As mercury sphygmomanometers (MSs) are banned owing to environmental concerns, it is crucial to determine the accuracy of mercury-free sphygmomanometers to replace them. We analyzed the accuracy of these devices to guide the National Survey selection. Methods: BP was measured thrice each with MS, auscultatory device (AD), and oscillometric device (OD) in 104 participants aged 10-18 using the National Survey data. The difference in BP was defined as the difference between MS and other devices. The BP differences, correlations, and influencing factors were analyzed. The frequencies of hypertension were also compared. Results: Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) differences between MS and AD were 0.88±3.36 mmHg and 0.63±3.95 mmHg, and those between MS and OD were 0.43±5.83 mmHg and 4.57±6.89 mmHg, respectively. The absolute error of <10 mmHg for DBP between MS and OD was 76%. The concordance correlation coefficient between MS and AD was 0.94 for SBP and 0.90 for DBP, and 0.81 and 0.67, respectively for MS and OD. Arm circumference negatively correlated with BP differences except for SBP between the MS and OD. The frequency of hypertension was not different between MS and AD but was underestimated by OD. Conclusions: AD correlated well with MS, while OD did not, especially for DBP. The superiority of AD over OD suggests AD as a possible alternative for MS in the National Survey.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.228-238
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• 2004

목적: 소아 비만클리닉에서 시행하는 선별검사로 대사증후군의 위험인자를 미리 인지하여 비만아가 치료를 지속적으로 할 수 있도록 지도하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 대상: 2000년 2월부터 2004년 6월까지 이대 목동병원 소아 비만클리닉을 방문한 비만아에서 의무기록이 충실하고 체질량지수(BMI)가 95 백분위수 이상인 88명(남 52명, 여 36명)을 대상으로 하였다. 방법: 비만아에서 BMI를 계산하고 혈압은 안정 상태에서 두 번 측정하여 평균을 구하였다. 12시간 공복 후에 혈청 지질(중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, 고밀도 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 콜레스테롤), 혈당과 혈중 인슐린 농도를 측정하였다. 인슐린 저항성 지표로 fasting insulin to glucose ratio (FIGR), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)를 이용하였다. 결 과: 비만아 88명 중 53명(60.2%)에서 하나 이상의 대사증후군의 위험 인자를 보였다. 고혈압은 13명(14.8%), 중성지방 ${\geq}150mg/dL$ 13명(14.8%), 총콜레스테롤 ${\geq}200mg/dL$ 23명(26.1%), 고밀도 콜레스테롤 ${\leq}40mg/dL$ 13명(14.8%), 저밀도 콜레스테롤 ${\geq}130mg/dL$ 11명(12.5%)이었으며 고인슐린 혈증은 11명(12.5%)이었다. BMI는 수축기 혈압(r=0.535), 고밀도 콜레스테롤(r=-0.214), 인슐린 농도(r=0.342), HOMA-IR (r=0.346), FIGR (r=0.329), QUICKI (r=-0.22)와 유의한 상관 관계를 보였다. 인슐린 농도(r=0.233), HOMA-IR (r=0.234)은 수축기 혈압과, FIGR은 수축기 혈압(r=0.227) 및 저밀도 콜레스테롤(r=0.223)과, QUICKI는 혈당(r=-0.308)과 각각 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 선별검사에서 대사증후군의 위험 인자가 많을수록 인슐린 저항성(HOMA-IR, FIGR)이 유의하게 증가하였다. 한편 인슐린 저항성을 가장 잘 설명하는 인자로는 BMI, 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤이었다. 결론: 소아 비만클리닉을 방문하는 비만아에서 이미 대사증후군이 시작되고 있으므로 행동 수정, 식사조절 및 운동 처방뿐 아니라 혈압, 지질, 혈당, 인슐린 농도 등을 정기적으로 검사하여 적극적으로 관리해야 한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.545-558
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• 2007

This study was performed to assess the sodium intakes of Korean adults using a 24-hr urine analysis and dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) according to each dish group and the regional area. The subjects of this study were comprised of 522 adults (male : 267, female : 285), aged 20-59yr residing in the metropolitan area (N=200), Chungcheng-Do (N=117), Jeolla-Do(N=117), and Gueongsang-Do provinces (N=118). The subjects were recruited from the residents who once participated or are participating in the various health programs offered by the public health center. The number of subjects who completed the 24-hr urine collection was 205 (male : 110, female : 95). The mean age and BMI of the subjects were $39.0{\pm}$11.7y and $23.1{\pm}2.9 kg/m^2$, respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was $119.5{\pm}15.4 mmHg$, and $77.1{\pm}11.1 mmHg$, respectively. Eighteen percent of the subjects responded that they are currently smoking, 36% drinking and 50.4% exercising. Twenty point six percent of the subjects were assessed as having hypertension according to their systolic or diastolic blood pressure($SBP{\ge}140mmHg$ or $DBP{\ge}90mmHg$) measurements in the present study. Salt intake of the subjects estimated with 24-hr sodium excretion was 12.7g/d (male : 13.4g/d, female : 12.1g/d) based on the sodium excretion rate as 82%. Salt intake estimated with DFQ was 14.7g/d (male : 16.2g/d, female : 13.4g/d), 2 g more than the salt intake estimated with 24-hr urine analysis. The four dish groups that contributed most to the sodium intake in order were kimchi (11571.4mg), soup and stew (1260.5mg), fish and shellfish(706.3mg) and noodle and ramyeon(644.3mg). Salt intake estimated with DFQ was the highest in the subjects of Gueongsang-Do(17.0g/d), second highest Chungcheong-Do (16.4g/d) and the lowest in the metropolitan area (13.0g/d). Subjects of Gueongsang-Do showed the highest sodium intakes in most of the dish group, whereas subjects of the metropolitan area showed the lowest. Residents of Chungcheong-Do revealed the highest sodium intake with kimchi and of Jeolla-Do the higher sodium intake with main dish (meat, fish and beans). The highest salt percentage of kimchi ($3.0{\pm}0.8%$) and soybean paste ($14.5{\pm}5.1%$) were observed in Gueongsang-Do, whereas individuals of the metropolitan area were observed as having kimchi ($1.6{\pm}0.5%$) and soybean paste ($7.4{\pm}1.6%$) with the lowest salt percenage. Men were observed as having more salty kimchi ($2.4{\pm}0.1%$) than women ($2.1{\pm}0.1%$).

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

본 연구는 2007~2016 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 한국 여성의 탄수화물과 지방 섭취 수준에 따른 대사증후군 유병율에 대한 연관성을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 연구대상은 만 19~69세의 여성으로 임신 또는 수유중인 경우를 제외한 총 22,850명을 중심으로 분석하였다. 식이 섭취 조사는 24 시간 회상법을 이용하여 탄수화물과 지방의 섭취량에 따라 5가지 군으로 구분하였다. 교란 변수(연령, 가구소득, 흡연, 음주, 운동, 에너지 섭취량, 체질량 지수, 단백질 섭취량)을 통제한 후, 들을 통제한 후, 회귀분석과 일반 선형 모형으로 탄수화물 및 지방 섭취율에 따른 대사증후군 구성요소와의 관계를 분석하였다. 탄수화물을 가장 많이 섭취하는 군은 가장 적게 섭취하는 군에 비해 중성지방(p for trend=0.04), 허리둘레(p for trend<0.01), 그리고 수축기 혈압(p for trend<0.01) 이 유의하게 높았으며, HDL 콜레스테롤(p for trend<0.01)은 낮았다. 지방을 가장 많이 섭취하는 군은 적게 섭취하는 군에 비해 허리둘레(p for trend=0.02), 중성지방(p for trend<0.01), 그리고 수축기 혈압(p for trend<0.01)은 낮았던 반면, HDL 콜레스테롤(p for trend<0.01)은 더 높았다. 또한 탄수화물을 가장 많이 섭취하는 군에서 대사증후군 유병율이 나타났으며(5^th quintile vs. 1^st quintile, OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.57) 지방을 가장 많이 섭취한 군에서는 대사증후군 유병율이 더 적게(5^th quintile vs. 1^st quintile, OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.86) 나타났다. 연구 결과, 한국 여성에 있어서 과도한 탄수화물의 섭취와 적은 지방의 섭취는 대사증후군의 유병율과의 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 장기간에 걸친 에어로빅 댄스운동이 70세 이상인 고령 여성의 신체조성, 체력 및 인지기능 및 우울정도를 포함하는 심리적인 요인에 대해서 유의미한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 하는 것이다. 본 연구에 참여한 피험자들은 전원이 70세~85세인 고령여성이었으며, 실험군의 경우에는 운동경력이 평균적으로 9.2 ± 4.6년으로써, 주당 2 ~ 3회 정도의 에어로빅 운동을 꾸준히 수행한 자들로 이루어져 있는 반면에, 대조군의 경우에는 이렇다 할 규칙적인 운동을 수행하지 않은 자들이었다. 본 연구를 수행한 결과, 내장지방량, 복부지방율(%), 체수분량 및 수축기 혈압 값 등에서 대조군에 비해 유의미한 건강증진 효과가 관측되었다. 또한, 체력 요인의 경우에는, 에어로빅 운동군의 유연성, 평형성 및 보행기능 값이 대조군에 비해서 유의미하게 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. GDS 값의 경우에는 대조군에 비해서 에어로빅 운동군이 유의미하게 더 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 두 종류의 심리적인 요인인 MMSE 값과 GDS값이 다른 신체측정 변인들과 유의미한 상관관계를 나타내는지를 분석한 결과에서는, MMSE 값의 경우에는 단지 신장에 대해서 유의미한 역 상관관계를 나타낸 반면에, GDS 값의 경우에는 안정시 심박수, 우측 허리 유연성 및 좌측과 우측의 악력에 대해서는 유의미한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 수축기 혈압 및 보행기능 값에 대해서는 유의미한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 70세 이상의 고령 여성을 대상으로 하는 장기간에 걸친 에어로빅 운동은 대사적인 면에서 내장지방 면적과 수축기 혈압을 감소시킬 뿐 아니라, 낙상을 예방할 수 있는 건강 체력을 증진시키고, 우울증상을 경감시켜서 긍정적인 기분을 나타내게 하는 등의 다방면에 걸친 유익한 건강증진 효과를 나타낸 것으로 사료된다.