• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.597-601
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• 2016

Background: Components of the systemic inflammatory response, combined to form inflammation-based prognostic scores (mGPS, NLR, PLR, PI, PNI) have been associated with overall survival. The aim of the present study was to compare various prognostic factors including many previously established parameters and such systemic inflammation-based prognostic scores in a series of incurable stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Materials and Methods: Patients (n=167) with stage IV CRC undergoing surgical procedures between 2005 and 2013 were enrolled. Preoperatively (7-30 days before surgery), routine laboratory examinations were performed on the same day. We calculated scores using these data and analyzed the association with cancer specific survival (CSS) statistically. Results: Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between CSS and WBC, albumin, CRP, CEA values, mGPS, PNI, and PI values among preoperative factors. On multivariate analysis, high mGPS and high CEA independently predicted shorter CSS (p=0.001 and p=0.018). A new scoring system was constructed using mGPS and CEA. When patients were separated into three categorized using this system, the new score accurately predicted CSS (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study indicates that a new scoring system, consisting of mGPS and CEA, is a simple and useful tool in predicting the survival of patients with incurable stage IV CRC, and should be included in the routine assessment of these patients for decision making of appropriate treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.843-848
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• 1998

Pulpotomy is a frequently used treatment modality in primary teeth. It is method by which infected coronal pulp is removed while retaining vital radicular pulp. Since its introduction in 1930 by Sweet formocresol remains the most popular medicament for this treatment. However, despite its outstanding bactericidal properties, formocresol is known to cause adverse tissue reactions. Theoretically, formocresol disinfects and fixes radicular pulp and thus prevents infection and internal resorption. In reality, however, it leads to chronic inflammation and is sometimes responsible for failures through abscess formation and internal root resorption. Also, Myers et al., in 1978, reported on the systemic distribution of FC and other studies have followed with reports of its immunological, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Much effort has, therefore, focused on the development of alternative medicaments and techniques. Since its introduction in 19C, ferric sulfate proven itself as an effective hemostatic agent and is used as an astringent in dentistry. In 1988, Landau and Johnsen suggested ferric sulfate be used as a medicament in pulpotomy and many studies have focused on it to overcome the toxic effects of FC. Ferric sulfate acts through its ferric ion and iron ion, which react with blood protein leading to aggregation. The aggregated protein acts to plug the blood vessels, causing mechanical hemostasis. As blood clot formation is minimal, there is reduced inflammation of radicular pulp and enhanced healing. There are no reports regarding its systemic distribution. This is a report of cases treated by the author using pulpotomy with ferric sulfate.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2011

Purpose: The focal ossification of auricular cartilage is an unusual clinical entity in which the ear becomes partially or totally rigid and immalleable. This condition may result from cold injury, local trauma, inflammation, or various systemic diseases. Patients may feel mild discomfort, but there are usually no other serious symptoms. We present a case of focal ossification of auricular cartilage in which the cause is unknown. Methods: A healthy 58-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of hard mass of right posterior auricular area. He denied any precipitating historical events like cold injury and inflammation. Routine testing did not demonstrate systemic abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a $22{\times}10{\times}11mm$ sized heterogenous isoechoic mass showing an acoustic shadow. Results: Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histological examination revealed the ossification with deposition of trabecular bone in normal elastic cartilage. The patient was healed without any problems and satisfied with the result. Conclusion: We report clinical experience of focal ossification of auricular cartilage, which is quite a rare clinical entity. It should be considered that there is the possibility of ossification of cartilage when it meets the benign mass of the ear.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2021

Microglial priming is the process of microglial proliferation and activation in response to neurodegeneration and abnormal protein accumulation. Priming makes microglia susceptible to secondary inflammatory stimuli and causes exaggerated inflammatory responses. In the present study, we established a microglial priming model in mice by administering a single injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 20 mg/kg). MPTP induced microglial activation without dopaminergic degeneration; however, subsequent treatment with a sub-toxic dose of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced an amplified inflammatory response and caused nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. These pathological and inflammatory changes, including microglial activation and dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN) area were reversed by papaverine (PAP) administration. In addition, MPTP/LPS enhanced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression and processing via nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the SN region of mice. However, PAP treatment suppressed inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β maturation. Moreover, PAP inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and enhanced cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activity in the SN of MPTP/LPS mice. These results suggest that PAP inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by modulating NF-κB and CREB signaling pathways, which results in reduced microglial activation and neuronal cell death. Thus, PAP may be a potential candidate for the treatment of Parkinsons's disease, which is aggravated by systemic inflammation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.698-719
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• 2023

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by a systemic inflammation after porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. It was one of the most economically important pathogens affecting pig production worldwide before PCV2 vaccine was first introduced in 2006. After the development of a vaccine against PCV2a type, pig farms gradually restored enormous economic losses from PMWS. However, vaccine against PCV2a type could not be fully effective against several different PCV2 genotypes (PCV2b - PCV2h). In addition, PCV2a vaccine itself could generate antigenic drift of PCV2 capsid. Therefore, PCV2 infection still threats pig industry worldwide. PCV2 infection was initially found in local tissues including reproductive, respiratory, and digestive tracks. However, PCV2 infection often leads to a systemic inflammation which can cause severe immunosuppression by depleting peripheral lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues. Subsequently, a secondary infection with other microorganisms can cause PMWS. Eleven putative open reading frames (ORFs) have been predicted to encode PCV2 genome. Among them, gene products of six ORFs from ORF1 to ORF6 have been identified and characterized to estimate its functional role during PCV2 infection. Acquiring knowledge about the specific interaction between each PCV2 ORF protein and host protein might be a key to develop preventive or therapeutic tools to control PCV2 infection. In this article, we reviewed current understanding of how each ORF of PCV2 manipulates host cell signaling related to immune suppression caused by PCV2.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate of dental plaque, calculus and gingival inflammation in Beagle dogs. Forty adults Beagle dogs (28 male and 12 female) were used in this study. The dogs weighed 9.5 kg and were in good oral and systemic health as determined by physical examination, and all dogs had full and normal dentition. The dogs were given a commercial pellet feed during 2 years period. For all examination procedures, the dogs were premedicated with a subcutaneous injection of atropine sulfate (0.04 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced and maintained by intravenous administration of ketamine (8 mg/kg) and xylazine (2 mg/kg). Dental plaque, calculus and gingival inflammation were assessed by Logan and Boyce clinical plaque index. Calculi covering the maxillary carnassial and first molar teeth were extensive and were accompanied by severe gingival inflammation and pocket formation. Calculi, accompanied by gingival inflammation, were clearly evident on buccal surfaces of other teeth. Calculi didn't showed on the lingual surfaces, but linguogingival inflammation formed in premolar teeth. Although the general pattern was clear, there was considerable variation among dogs in the rate of deposition of calculus and extend of gingival inflammation. This investigation suggest that feeding of the commercial dry food without dental hygiene increase plaque accumulation and may be a contributing factor in calculi formation and periodontal disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2014

Objectives: Obesity is an important cause of insulin resistance that leads to obese type 2 diabetes. Recently it has been found that obesity is associated with adipose tissue accumulation which causes systemic inflammation. In this study, we investigated effects of Inula helenium on the inflammation in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance mouse. Methods: Insulin resistance was induced in C57BL/6 male mice (19~21 g) on a 60% fat diet. Mice were divided into 3 groups (n=6) of normal, control and Inula helenium. After 12 weeks, body weight, FBS, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum level of insulin, epididymal fat pad, liver weight and the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-10 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 68 were measured. Also, adipose tissue macrophage was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Results: Inula helenium significantly reduces oral glucose tolerance levels, insulin serum level and adipose tissue macrophage. Also Inula helenium increased IL-10 gene expression and decreased CD68 gene expression. Conclusions: These results show that Inula helenium has anti-insulin resistance and anti-inflammatory effects on a high fat diet-induced insulin resistance mouse model.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 1998

Background: Effect of nitric oxide on the hyperalgesia induced by inflammation is controversial. We attempted to find out the peripheral effects of nitric oxide (NO) on hyperalgesia induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced inflammation. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups; control, low dose NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 500 ug), high dose L-NAME (5 mg). Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of FCA intraplantarly, which shows typical hyperalgesia within twelve hours after injection and maintained for about one week. Drugs were injected 2 hours before, just before, and 3, 6, 9, 12 hours after the injection of FCA. Effect of L-NAME on hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain for 3 days. Results: When injected at the site of inflammation, L-NAME caused dose dependent reduction of spontaneous hyperalgesia. Mechanical hyperalgesia was also reduced by high dose L-NAME (p<0.05). After systemic injection of high dose L-NAME in the back, no significant difference was noticed. Conclusions: This suggest that L-NAME reduces FCA induced hyperalgesia via peripheral action.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 2013

Obesity may cause metabolic syndrome and adult diseases. This study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative or useful effects of beanleaves on inflammation and liver damage in obese rat models. Rats were divided into three groups: a control group (normal diet, n=6), a fat diet group (45%-fat diet, n=7), and a bean leaf group (45%-fat+Korean bean leaves diet, n=7). Body weights in the bean leaf group were lower than those of the fat group (P<0.05). Serum tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) concentrations were lower in both the control and bean leaf groups than in the fat group (P<0.001). TNF-${\alpha}$ concentrations in the bean leaf group were slightly higher than in the control group but statistically significant (P<0.05). The bean leaf group histologically exhibited lower fatty degeneration, spotty necrosis, and leukocyte infiltrations in hepatic tissues than those of the fat group. In the homogenized liver tissues, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene was only expressed in the fat group. The gene expression levels of hepatic TNF-${\alpha}$, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, peroxiome proliferator-activated receptor-${\alpha}$ (PPAR-${\alpha}$), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) were weaker in the bean leaf group than in the fat group. These results suggest that adding bean-leaves to the diet may ameliorate obesity-induced systemic inflammation and liver damage and that bean leaves may be a useful food for preventing obesity and thereby metabolic syndrome and adult diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.436-441
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• 2006

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic, and inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects 1% of the adult population worldwide. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease with high morbidity that is characterized by degradation of the matrix and destruction of articular cartilage. In this study, we examined the inhibition effect of Trachelospermi Caulis on the inflammation($TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, NO), cartilage protection(MMP-13), and cell death in arthritis. RAW 264.7 and SW 1353 cells were cultivated in DMAE(GibcoBRL, USA) with 5% FBS and Fungizone in $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. THP-1 cells were cultivated in RPMI(GibcoBRL, USA) with 5% FBS and Fungizone in $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. Activity of caspase-3, XIAP, Cytochrome C in the cell was examined by using western blot. The results obtained were as Follows; Concentration of nitric oxide in Trachelospermi Caulis treatment group significantly decreased compared with that of non-treatment group (P<0.05). In treated group, Concentration of Trachelospermi Caulis was not significantly associated with cell death. Concentration of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ in Trachelospermi Caulis treatment group decreased significantly compared with that of none treatment group (P<0.05). Relative density of MMP-13 in Trachelospermi Caulis treatment group decreased significantly compared with that of none treatment group and dose-response relationship was observed. After treatment of staurosporin in SW1353 which increases cell death, in Trachelospermi Caulis treated group, the cell death was effectively decreased. In conclusion, these results suggest that Trachelospermi Caulis inhibit inflammation and cell death in arthritis. More researches about effect of Trachelospermi Caulis are considered to need.