• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2C
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• pp.182-192
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• 2010

This paper proposes the hardware IP design of JBIG2 encoder. In order to facilitate the next generation FAX after the standardization of JBIG2, major modules of JBIG2 encoder are designed and implemented, such as symbol extraction module, Huffman coder, MMR coder, and MQ coder. ImpulseC Codeveloper and Xilinx ISE/EDK program are used for the synthesis of VHDL code. To minimize the memory usage, 128 lines of input image are processed succesively instead of total image. The synthesized IPs are downloaded to Virtex-4 FX60 FPGA on ML410 development board. The four synthesized IPs utilize 36.7% of total slice of FPGA. Using Active-HDL tool, the generated IPs were verified showing normal operation. Compared with the software operation using microblaze cpu on ML410 board, the synthesized IPs are better in operation time. The improvement ratio of operation time between the synthesized IP and software is 17 times in case of symbol extraction IP, and 10 times in Huffman coder IP. MMR coder IP shows 6 times faster and MQ coder IP shows 2.2 times faster than software only operation. The synthesized H/W IP and S/W module cooperated to succeed in compressing the CCITT standard document.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2014

Copy number variations(CNVs) are a recently recognized class of human structural variations and are associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. To find important cancer genes, researchers identify novel CNVs in patients with a particular cancer and analyze large amounts of genomic and clinical data. We present a tool called CNVDAT which is able to detect CNVs from NGS data and systematically analyze the genomic and clinical data associated with variations. CNVDAT consists of two modules, CNV Detection Engine and Sequence Analyser. CNV Detection Engine extracts CNVs by using the multi-resolution system of scale-space filtering, enabling the detection of the types and the exact locations of CNVs of all sizes even when the coverage level of read data is low. Sequence Analyser is a user-friendly program to view and compare variation regions between tumor and matched normal samples. It also provides a complete analysis function of refGene and OMIM data and makes it possible to discover CNV-gene-phenotype relationships. CNVDAT source code is freely available from http://dblab.hallym.ac.kr/CNVDAT/.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2004

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) often uses small beam segments. The heterogeneity effect is well known for relatively large field sizes used in the conventional radiation treatments. However, this effect is not known in small fields such as the beamlets used in IMRT. There are many factors that can cause errors in the small field i.e. electronic disequilibrium and multiple electron scattering. This study prepared geometrically regular heterogeneous phantoms, and compared the measurements with the calculations using the Convolution/Superposition algorithm and Monte Carlo method for small beams. This study used the BEAM00/EGS4 code to simulate the head of a Varian 2300C/D. The commissioning of a 6MV photon beam were performed from two points of view, the beam profiles and depth doses. The calculated voxel size was 1${\times}$1${\times}$2$\textrm{cm}^2$ with field sizes of 1${\times}$1$\textrm{cm}^2$, 2${\times}$2$\textrm{cm}^2$, and 5${\times}$5$\textrm{cm}^2$. The XiOTM TPS (Treatment Planning System) was used for the calculation using the Convolution/Superposition algorithm. The 6MV photon beam was irradiated to homogeneous (water equivalent) and heterogeneous phantoms (water equivalent ＋ air cavity, water equivalent ＋ bone equivalent). The beam profiles were well matched within :t1 mm and the depth doses were within ${\pm}$2%. In conclusion, the dose calculations of the Convolution/Superposition and Monte Carlo simulations showed good agreement with the film measurements in the small field.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply association rule mining to explore the labyrinthine network of cerebral infarction comorbidity and basic data supply to develop cutting-edge physical therapy protocols for cerebral infarction with comorbidity Methods: From clinic records of enrollees of A Hospital in D city, patients over 18 years of age with cerebral infarction and cerebral infarction comorbidity were recruited as a case group. All diagnoses of that hospital were categorized according to the "International Classification of Disease (ICD)" diagnosis system. We extracted code I63 from the "Korea Classification of Disease (KCD)-4". Associated rule mining was done with a priori modeling and Web nodes to examine the strengths of associations among those diagnoses. The support and confidence values of associated rule mining results were examined. Results: The subjects of this study were 2,267 cerebral infarction patients. E11 (Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), E78 (Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias), G81 (Hemiplegia), I10 (Essential hypertension), and K29 (Gastritis and duodenitis) were high frequency diagnoses, being found in 10% or more of total diagnoses of cerebral infarction from frequency analysis results. The highest frequency diagnosis was 1,042 (46.0%) for I10. The second most frequent diagnosis was for E11(21.5%) while the third most frequent diagnosis was E78 (20.2%). Results from a priori modeling and Web nodes indicated that cerebral infarction has a strong association withessential hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias. Conclusion: Cerebral infarction is associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias. The result of this study will be helpful to clinicians treating patients with cerebral infarction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 2014

Minimally invasive intramedullary nail insertion or plate osteosynthesis has shown good results for the treatment of long bone fractures. However, directly seeing the fracture site is impossible; surgeons can only confirm bone fragments through a fluoroscopic imaging system. The narrow field of view of the equipment causes malalignment of the fracture reduction, and radiation exposure to medical staff is inevitable. This paper suggests two methods to solve these problems: surgical navigation using 3D models reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images to show the real positions of bone fragments and estimating the rotational angle of proximal bone fragments from 2D fluoroscopic images. The suggested methods were implemented using open-source code or software and evaluated using a model bone. The registration error was about 2 mm with surgical navigation, and the rotation estimation software could discern differences of $2.5^{\circ}$ within a range of $15^{\circ}$ through a comparison with the image of a normal bone.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.47-52
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• 2017

The recent tragic outbreak of fire at the Grenfell Tower in the United Kingdom compels all branches of government to reexamine and reassess the safety measures against fires in high-rise buildings from a broad perspective. Accordingly, this study examined what problems stem from the current evacuation codes by comparative analysis of the high-rise apartment evacuation codes that range over various individual laws before introducing a new evacuation code. The outcome of this study can be utilized as basic data for amending the existing evacuation codes for high-rise buildings. The codes related to high-rise building evacuation include the Building Act, the Housing Act, the Skyscraper Disaster Management Act, and the Fire-Fighting System Act. Some local governments have also drawn up their own codes and put them into practice. Comparative analysis of the major evacuation codes has helped identify a variety of problems, such as different codes being applied to each individual law and ordinance, the use of additional codes other than the provisions of laws and ordinances, and the in effectiveness of evacuation codes. Most of these problems occur when diverse codes are applied to a single building, which means that cooperation among the relevant ministries is urgently needed to improve the related codes in the future.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1994

A total of 8 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in land-marine tank system of Kyongnam and Kyongbuk. Prefecture were tested for the biological and biochemical characteristics. These strains were isolated from pathologic specimens of cultured flounder. Paralichthys olivaceus. Growth of the isolates was good on BHIA, HIA. Staphylococcus No. 110 and ETGP. Growth was good at NaCl concentration between 2.0 and 3.0%, about $30^{\circ}C$ and at pH values about 7.0. DNase and coagulase production were negative, and all isolates except FSJ-2 strain were positive in hemolysis. Urease was positive reaction, and novobiocin resistance was negative. Acid was produced anaerobically from glucose and maltose. All isolates except FSJ-19 strain produced weakly were negative in anaerobic acid production from mannitol. Acid was produced aerobically from glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and dextrine. But all isolates were not gas production. In characterization of clinically isolates, four different biotype codes were obtained when the all isolated were tested simultaneously. Four different antibiotic susceptibility patterns were obtained. On the basis of these characteristics, the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.332-349
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• 2016

OLAFOAM is the powerful CFD code and is an expanded version of $OpenFOAM^{(R)}$, for wave mechanics simulation. The $OpenFOAM^{(R)}$ does provide many solvers to correspond to each object of the numerical calculation in a variety of fields. OLAFOAM's governing equation bases on VARANS (Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) equation, and the finite volume method is applied to numerical techniques. The program is coded in C++ and run on the Linux operating system. First of all, in this study, OLAFOAM was validated for 1) wave transformation inside porous structure under bore and regular wave conditions, 2) wave transformation by submerged breakwater under regular wave condition, and 3) regular wave transformation and resultant vertical velocity distribution under current by comparison with existing laboratory measurements. Hereafter, this study, which is almost no examination carried out until now, analyzed closely variation characteristics of water surface level, wave height, frequency spectrum, breaking waves, averaged velocity and turbulent kinetic energy around porous submerged breakwater in the wave and current coexisting field for the case of permeable or impermeable rear beach. It was revealed that the wave height fluctuation according to current direction(following or opposing) was closely related to the turbulent kinetic energy, and others.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-31
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• 1997

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an assessment process integrated with policy and planning processes considering environmental impacts, not at the level of individual project, but at higher level of policy and plan. Presently, two systems for the SEA are being implemented in Korea. One is "the consultation of environmental investigation into a change in national land utilization", which is to be pre-discussed with the head of the related central administrative organizations, based on the respective individual code. The other is "the consultation of environmental investigation into an administrative plan and project", which is to be pre-discussed with the minister of the environments for the administrative plan. However, these two systems are not integrated procedures with the planning process. In other words, there is a separate post-environmental assessment after planning. Also concrete proposal is not yet prepared for the method and procedure of environmental investigation about details of the planning. Therefore, they do not playa role in taking precautions for environmentally sustainable development. In this study, for the effective environmental investigation at the level of planning, environmental assessment model to be integrated with urban comprehensive plans was developed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, based on the analysis of systematic problems in environmental investigation of this country, the study compared and analysed the SEA method of foreign countries. derived the potential limitations in its applications to this country. Also, the new method in this study, is integrated into planning process by improving the limitations. Thus, we developed the SEA model for this country, which consists of seven steps ; Phase 1; establishing a work program, Phase 2; defining the scop. of the SEA, Phase 3; analyzing an existing environmental situation, Phase 4; examining the consistency with environmental policy, Phase 5; appraising and synthesizing the plan content, Phase 6; proposing recommendations, Phase 7; monitoring and feedback. Second, the two types of application program of the developed assessment model were proposed. One is to integrate this model into planning process, and the other is for the institute and ministry of environments to implement SEA after planning. An aim of this study was developing an environmental assessment model at the planning level which was not yet established in this country and was to apply the model to urban comprehensive plan for inspection. This research will make the effective operation of environmental investigation system possible at the planning level in this country and contribute to the environmental protection at the global level.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

Recently, the demand for enterprise for service map providing and portal site services of a 3D virtual city model for public users has been expanding. Also, accuracy of the data, transfer rate and the update for the update for the lapse of time emerge are considered as more impertant factors, by providing 3D information with the web or mobile devices. With the latest technology, we have seen various 3D data through the web. With the VRML progressing actively, because it can provide a virtual display of the world and all aspects of interaction with web. It offers installation of simple plug-in without extra cost on the web. LiDAR system can obtain spatial data easily and accurately, as supprted by numerous researches and applications. However, in general, LiDAR data is obtained in the form of an irregular point cloud. So, in case of using data without converting, high processor is needed for presenting 2D forms from point data composed of 3D data and the data increase. This study expresses urban LiDAR data in 3D, 2D raster data that was applied by compressing algorithm that was used for solving the problems of large storage space and processing. For expressing 3D, algorithm that converts compressed LiDAR data into code Suited to VRML was made. Finally, urban area was expressed in 3D with expressing ground and feature separately.