• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2006

The study was aimed to recommend the ways for improving regulatory system of quasi-drugs in governmental authority by comparing with other countries. According to the regulations, the scope of quasi-drugs includes 3 categories of 1) the health aids made of textile, rubber and paper, 2) the health aids which have very minimal effects or no any effects on humans, and 3) disinfectants and pesticides. In US, these quasi-drugs in Korea are classified into 5 categories of medical device, cosmetics, OTC drugs, dietary supplements and pesticides. To improve quasi-drugs administration in Korea, it is concluded that several measures should be implemented : 1) establish clear criteria for classifying into quasi-drugs and more detailed guidelines on designation of quasi-drugs, 2) reform current regulations to meet 3-categories characteristics, supplement detailed guidelines on quasi-drugs administration for effective application process, and update relevant regulations for efficacy, safety and quality, 3) update quasi-drug monographs, 4) re-evaluate current classification of individual quasi-drugs, 5) develop comprehensive list by ingredients, 6) reform post-marketing management system for safety and quality, 7) strengthen the review agency function by increasing the number of experts, 8) develop the database for quasi-drugs for effective information management.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.743-763
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• 2016

본 연구는 개혁개방 이후 형성된 사회주의 시장경제 하 중국 주택체제의 성격을 중국의 공공주택 정책인 보장성 주택 정책을 중심으로 주택시스템 비교연구의 관점에서 분석하였다. 중국 주택시스템의 전환은 시장기능의 도입과 사회주의 토지공유제의 약화라는 점에서 차별적인 '사회주의 시장경제 주택시스템'의 형성이 아닌, 자본주의 주택시스템의 하위유형으로 전환한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이것은 기존 정부 공급형 계획의 사회주의 방식이 정부의 간접적인 개입과 조정에 따라 시장요소를 통해 주택이 공급되는 정부 주도형 시장화의 방식으로 전환한 것이며, 정부가 가지는 시장주도력은 사회주의적 토지소유의 유산에 기반하고 있다는 점에서 차별화된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4139-4147
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• 2014

본 연구는 한 중 사범대학들의 교육과정을 비교하고, 개혁동향을 고찰하였다. 문헌분석의 방법으로 4개 대학(서울대학교 사범대학, 한국교원대학교, 호남사범대학교, 연변대학교)의 요람, 연구논문, 보고서들을 참고하여 세부영역별로 비교 분석을 실시한 결과, 한 중 양국은 모두 목적지향형의 교원양성방식을 취하며, 기본적인 편성 운영 체제가 유사했지만, 중국의 경우 학점이수와 과목선택권 측면에서 폐쇄적인 경향이 두드러졌다. 또한, 모두 교육학과 교육실습에 해당하는 학점배분이 부족하여 향후 예비교사의 전문성 향상을 위해 이의 증치가 필요했고, 학생들의 교육과정 개혁요구를 적시에 수용할 수 있는 자체적인 상설기구의 설립이 필요했다. 양국 사범대학들의 개혁은 교육과정의 문제를 양적인 문제가 아닌 질적인 문제로 바라보고, 학생들의 자주적인 발전과 평생학습을 강조하는 방향으로 이루어지고 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 양국 사범대학의 교육과정 개정에 효과적인 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.122-142
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• 2016

이 연구는 1990년대 초반부터 시작된 북한의 경제특구 실험의 의의를 북한의 체제변화와 한반도 지정학적 질서의 변화 측면에서 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 북한 경제특구 정책의 변화과정을 북한 경제특구 전략 고유의 영역화 논리, 분권화/분산화에 대한 강조, 그리고 중국 개혁개방모델과의 비교 등 세 가지 측면을 중심으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 북한 경제체제의 변화를 폐쇄에서 개방으로 이해하는 단선적 접근을 비판하고, 북한 특구전략의 역동성을 다층적인 차원에서 접근하였다. 북한의 경제특구전략을 경제난에 의한 불가피한 선택이나 중국과 같은 개혁개방 노선을 따르는 것으로 이해할 수는 없으며, 오히려 특구전략 기저에 작동하고 있는 지정학적 논리와 함께 지방경제발전에 대한 강조를 중심으로 보아야 한다고 주장하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

본 논문은 검찰개혁에 대한 검사의 정치적 중립성 확보방안을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 우리나라 검찰은 막강한 권한을 가진다. 그동안 검찰은 수사권, 기소독점권, 경찰 수사지휘권을 가지고 통제받지 않는 무한 권력을 만끽하였다. 검찰은 초임 검사에서 검찰총장까지 일사불란하게 움직이는 초유의 동일체 기관이다. 한국검찰만큼 권력을 가진 기관은 타국에 없다. 그런데 이런 권력을 누리는 검찰은 민주적통제가 제대로 이루어지지 않아 검찰개혁이라는 시대적 과제에 놓여있다. 한국 역사에서 권력의 눈치를 보지 않고 앞만 보고 권력 부패에 대하여 장검도를 휘두르는 그런 검사가 있었는가. 지금까지 검찰은 정권의 눈치나 보고 정권 수사에 입맛에 맞는 수사를 하였고 그 반대급부로 검사들은 출세 가도를 달렸다. 그래서 역대 정권은 검찰의 정치적 중립성을 보장하려고 무던히 애썼다. 이와같이 검찰개혁의 진정성을 분석하기 위하여 법적인 논리를 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 첫째, 검사 및 검찰 권한을 고찰한다. 둘째, 정부 검찰개혁의 내용을 고찰한다. 셋째, 검찰개혁의 방향을 정립한다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2020

Entering the fourth industrial revolution era, health technology is rapidly developing and the people's needs for medical services are gradually increasing. Establishing a life cycle management of health technology has emerged as a new policy agenda to cope with these changes. However, the management of health technology have been conducted without continuity and with several problems pointed out. Therefore, we suggest the reform agendas by stages to establish system for a life cycle management of health technology in the fourth industrial revolution era as follows. In the stage of development, it is important not only to provide research funding, but also consulting by professional about whole cycle of health technologies. In the phase of market entry, there are needs for enhance the system that would expand the early adoption for innovative technology and increase its effectiveness. After the spread of health technology to clinical settings, a reassessment and post management system should be established that have an institutional framework with strong price adjustment and exit mechanism. Furthermore, we hope that discussions will be brisk in macro perspective on the balancing of development in healthcare industry, health of people and national health insurance finance.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

We achieved both industrialization and democratization during the shortest period in the world. We also achieved good performance in national health insurance: universal coverage, solidarity in financing, equitable access of health care. However, national health insurance system has faced the problem of sustainability: various expenditure and financing problems. The problem of sustainablity has two facets of economic sustainability and fiscal sustainability. Economic sustainability refers to growth in health spending as a proportion of gross domestic product(GDP). Rapid increasing rate of health spending exceeds the growth rate of domestic product. Growth in health spending is more likely to threaten other areas of economic activity. Concern on fiscal sustainability relates to revenue and expenditure on health care. Health care financing face demographic and technical obstacles. Democratic obstacle is aging problem. Technical obstacle is collection of contribution. Expenditure of health care has various problems in benefit structure and efficiency of health care system. In this article, I suggest several policy reforms to enhance sustainability: generating additional revenue from value added tax, changing method of levying contribution, increasing efficiency of health care system by introducing the competition principle. restructuring of benefit scheme of health insurance. contracting with health care institutions to provide health care services.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the root causes of changes in the rankings of paying taxes in Japan and Korea from 2019 to 2020, and put forward relevant policy recommendations for China from the perspective of enterprise tax burden and tax compliance costs. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper analyzes the data information of four indicators of Japan and Korea in paying taxes from 2009 to 2019, excel tool was used to summarize the essential reasons for the changes. Result - The results showed that, through the reform of tax system, especially the application of electronic tax system for tax declaration, and this is the fundamental reason why Korea has surpassed Japan in the ranking of Paying Taxes in recent five years. Conclusion - Drawing lessons from the reforms in South Korea and Japan, it is concluded that China should improve its tax ranking through two ways. First, deepen the reform of the main tax and fee system and reduce the burden of enterprise taxes and fees. Second, further simplify the tax procedures. Return rights and responsibilities to the enterprise.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.310-314
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• 2022

Digitalization affects not only the content of education, but also its organization. These processes have ambiguous implications for the positioning of both universities and teaching staff. The necessary competencies are often acquired outside the walls of educational institutions, because educational programs often do not keep pace with the dynamics of technology. The teacher turns from a bearer of transmitted knowledge and skills into a navigator that helps to navigate the knowledge bases. All these issues are especially acute in relation to the reform of the higher education system in the context of pandemic consequences. The article examines and analyzes the features of the transformation of higher education in the context of a pandemic that faced the world in 2020. It has been proved that the processes of changes and transformations that the higher education system is going through both in an individual country and throughout the world should be defined as transformation, not modernization, reform or transformation.

• 동북아문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.23-48
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• 2009

Duan Fang's doctrine of constitutional monarchy went forward from monarchy to constitutional government based on that an establishment of constitution political structure is superior to a arbitrary rule political structure. And Duan Fang's doctrine featured limitation of monarch's authority protection of subjects' rights. He thought constitution government should be based on the establishment of constitution preparation. He believed that China need to take merit equally in the process of establishment of constitution preparation. In spite of this flexible recognition, there was not enough consideration about an ideological, social and economical basis that can make possible constitutional government operation. He had understood constitutional government system from angle of monarch's safety and the wealth and power of nation. The view was that a responsible Cabinet was for monarch's safety and the nation assembly judicature local autonomous is a system for safety of nation showed us. In his opinion, neither main task of congress is legislation, cabinet nor is the high ranking executive agency, however, he expected to constitutionalism system to become a buffing role instead of monarch. A little pure and simple thinking that open nation assembly and execute constitutional monarchy could make China powerful and wealthy might reflected urgent situation at that time.