• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.261-262
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• 2022

Globally, it is estimated that the number of people living outside of their country of origin reached 281 million in 2020. The primary drive of those migrants when migrating voluntarily is work to increase their income and provide for their families left behind in their home countries. Those who migrate immediately seek means of income to sustain themselves through a perilous process as currently evidenced in the war in Ukraine and not too long ago in Syria and Venezuela. Unfortunately, migrant workers are globally known to predominantly be working in "4-D jobs"- dirty, dangerous, and difficult and discriminatory; the fourth D was recently added to acknowledge the discriminatory aspect and other social determinants of health migrant workers face in their host country while exposed to precarious work. Consequently, migrant workers are at considerable risk of work-related illnesses and injury but their health needs are critically overlooked in research and policy. Recognizing the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights "Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment", we cannot consider any human life - thus, the life of migrant workers - as dispensable through a structural discriminatory process that undervalues their occupational safety and health, livelihood and the contribution these workers bring to their host countries. This was seen during the preparation for the upcoming world cup in Qatar where migrant workers were exposed to a multiplicity of serious hazards including deadly heat hazards.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2024

Background: Physiatrists are facing with survivors from disasters in both the acute and chronic phases of muscle and nerve injuries. Similar to many other clinical conditions, neuromusculoskeletal ultrasound can play a key role in the management of such cases (with various muscle/nerve injuries) as well. Accordingly, in this article, a recent single-center experience after the Turkey-Syria earthquake will be rendered. Methods: Ultrasound examinations were performed for various nerve/muscle lesions in 52 earthquake victims referred from different cities. Demographic features, type of injuries, and applied treatment procedures as well as detailed ultrasonographic findings are illustrated. Results: Of the 52 patients, 19 had incomplete peripheral nerve lesions of the brachial plexus (n=4), lumbosacral plexus (n=1), and upper and lower limbs (n=14). Conclusion: The ultrasonographic approach during disaster relief is paramount as regards subacute and chronic phases of rehabilitation. Considering technological advances (e.g., portable machines), the use of on-site ultrasound examination in the (very) early phases of disaster response also needs to be on the agenda of medical personnel.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.140-159
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• 1994

Heraldry, which originated from the culture of knights in the 12th century, came to be drawn on shields, and was inherited as a symbol of the family at the end of the 12th century and developed rapidly through the 13th and 14th century. Afterwards heraldry was in great vogue and used in the shields, clothes of men and women, armors, housings and flags. Therefore the citizen class as well as nobles and knights came to possess heraldry. In particular parti-color and impaled coat were accepted in the clothes, and served the dual purpose of status symbol and ornament in the 13th century. It can be said that the appearance of heraldry on the clothes was typical of the Middle Ages. The origin, generally accepted, was that the crusaders wore the surcots, also known as the cyclases, on the armors to prevent the powerful sun of Syria and dust of deserts, and to prevent the armors from rusting due to moisture. As the surcot was made of white linen or white silk till the beginning of the 13th century, knight's heraldry came to be put on the surcot in order to identify each corps. According as the coat of mail covering all the body was devised, the same heraldry attached on the shield seemed to appear on the clothes of surcot or jupon(afterwards pourpoint) in order to identify the status in the battlefield and tournament. Heraldry, a system of mark in the 12th century, was used as a symbol of authority of the upper class such as the Royal House, nobles and knights, and may have been mysterious instruments in the Milddle Ages. However, in the modern times of the 20th century heraldry has come to be a kind of symbol marks such as badges and banners symbolizing the hallmark of the goods of enterprises, organizations and groups. Heraldry, existing up to now, of the individuals as well as international organizations can be seen as a result of deep-rooted tradition for esthetic appreciation and symbolism for heraldry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7085-7088
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• 2015

Background: The high incidence of prostate cancer as the most common malignancy in males in many countries raises the question of developing reliable detection tests. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is the most widely used for screening for prostate cancer; however, its low specificity elevates the number of unnecessarily biopsies. Serum human kallikrein-2 (hK2) is considered as a promising marker, and especially its ratio to fPSA, for predicting the presence of malignancy to select the best choice referring to biopsy or surveillance. In this study, we investigated the role of hK2 and its combinations with other markers to discriminate prostate cancer from benign diseases in Syrian patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective oriented cross-sectional cohort study, serum samples were collected from patients referred to many Hospitals in Damascus, Syria, between May 2011 and March 2012, and diagnosed with biopsy proven benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (PCa). Serum was analyzed for hK2, PSA and fPSA, and the ratios of fPSA/PSA and hK2/fPSA were calculated. Results: We found that mean hK2/fPSA ratios were significantly higher (P=0.01) in prostate cancer patients than in the BPH or control groups. Also the ratio hk2/fPSA gave the largest area under the curve (AUC:0.96) which was significantly larger than for fPSA/PSA (AUC:0.41) indicative of higher specificity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the ratio of hK2/fPSA might be superior to the use of fPSA/PSA alone. The hK2 could be shown to enhance the early detection of prostate cancer; especially the ratio hK2/fPSA improves specificity and hence may reduce the number of negative biopsies.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.808-811
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• 2006

The KOMPSAT-2 was developed by KARI and it was successfully launched from Plesetsk, Russia on 28th July 2006. The Korean government decided the commercialization of the KOMPSAT-2 image data and direct reception services worldwide. SPOT Image, based in Toulouse (France) was selected by KARI through an international open bidding as a foreign company for the KOMPSAT-2 image promotion over the entire world except the territory of Republic of Korea including the North Korea, the United States of America, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. KAI (Korea Aerospace Industry Ltd.) is an engaged Korean company for this area. KARI has responsibility to operate the satellite, data acquisition, archiving for the worldwide commercialization. For the processing and delivery of the KOMPSAT-2 image data to the users of KAI and SPOT Image, KAI has the binding contract with KARI. So KAI has the responsibility for the commercial ground station operation such as user support, data processing, and the data delivery. The KOMPSAT-2 ground station is hosted in KARI, so KARI has developed the concept of KOCUST (KOMPSAT-2 Commercial User Support Team) jointly with KAI to support the data processing and delivery as KOMPSAT-2 developer and satellite operator. The main purpose of the KOCUST is to support the operational activities to provide the data and service quality to satisfy customers. KOCUST will be organized by the members of KARI and KAI together. KARI members will mainly take the role of KOCUST coordination, data processing and user support in a public sector. KAI members are going to take user desk, data validation and delivery et cetera, which are related with users. This paper describes a summarized concepts of KOCUST like organization, dedicated tasks of each part and work flow of daily operation.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.117-140
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• 2021

At the beginning of the Roman imperial period, moralizing authors criticized a material from the East that quickly gained popularity among the elites: silk. During Late Antiquity, the trade, production, and use of purple-dyed silks increasingly became the privilege of the emperors. While literature, court poetry, and laws give insights into the discourses surrounding silk, they are rather unspecific concerning silk qualities. This contribution analyzes the scattered descriptions of silks in Greek and Latin texts in a diachronic perspective, with a focus on the 1^st cent. BCE to the 4th cent. CE, paying particular attention to the terminology, products, origins, and qualities of silk. The aim is to build a framework for comparisons with archaeological silk finds and other textile terminologies along the Silk Roads. Here, the silk finds from the oasis city of Palmyra/Tadmor in modern-day Syria, dating from the 1st cent. BCE to the 2nd cent. CE, will be used as a case study for the early imperial period. Taking these silk finds as a comparison, it will be shown that Greek and Latin terminology does not match the variety of silks known in the Mediterranean. Rather, linguistic differentiations focus on the forms in which silk reached the Mediterranean, as skeins, yarns, and fabrics, as well as on the different kinds of silks that were produced in the West, namely pure silk and half-silken fabrics, checkered "scutlata" damasks, purple-dyed, and gold-embellished silks. In contrast, silks from the East were subsumed under the term for "silks from the silk people" or simply "silks". Moreover, ancient authors do not use the terms in the same way. These findings show the limitations of Western silk terminology and the importance of combining archaeological and written sources.

• 복식
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2003

The style of different styles of clothing have been developed by not only the natural environment and social effects. but also by various variables such as the peculiar cultures and religions of different ethnic groups. It is naturally accepted without question that the origin of trousers was derived from the Skytie race in the modern style of dress. And the style of those trousers has changed and developed throughout a long history in different environments and surroundings. As part of the research of the process in this styles of clothing, it is essential to know how the fabric of trousers has been developed and how the styles have been changed because of different weather conditions and different religions. Nowadays, Eurasian countries was scattered from western and eastern Asian countries to middle Asian countries such as Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Iran and China. These countries are located on the way to the Silk Road. They are fully developed in a cultural area among the different religions. In terms of cultural aspects within the different religions, men's trousers had developed the traditional style of this dress as one of the importnat items on the cultural basis. The ranges and types of these traditional trousers are divided by the regions, such as west and southern Asia, central Asia and China. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey. Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Israel was a part of the west and southern Asian countries which were located between western countries and eastern countries. This tribes wore Shalwar trousers which is a wide style of trousers. Shalwar in the western and eastern Asian region has a specific feature by the each nation but has the same distinctions such as by using very wide and loose style and tying a fine thread around the waist. Some central Asian countries consisted of part of China, Turkmenistan. the Republic of Tajikistan. the Republic of Kyrgyzstan and the Republic of Afganistan. These style of trousers are compound types which appeared with mixing Draperian Greek culture. So it can be inferred from this data that the horse-riding nomadic trousers which had been handed down from Skytie tribe through Persia. The style of the trousers in those regions has small pieces. The style of the trousers in China, which is located on the way to the far eastern countries, has developed new trousers put together two pieces of the textile. These widen trousers can be worn by using a sash belt. So we can find out that those trousers of countries which mentioned above have a common point and a rule.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제55호
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• pp.9-29
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• 2018

유럽과 미국 등지의 서구동맹국들에서 최근 몇 년간 차량돌진테러가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 최근의 차량돌진테러는 인명살상을 목적으로 다수의 대중들을 향해 무차별하게 돌진을 감행하는 특성을 보인다. 이러한 차량돌진공격테러의 증가는 최근 ISIS(Islamic State in Iraq and Syria)같은 이슬람 극단주의 국제테러조직이 자생적 테러리스트들을 활용할 수 있는 중요한 테러전략의 하나로 채택하고 있는 것과 관련이 있다. 이 때문에 그 살상력과 심각성이 더욱 높아지고 중대해 지고 있다. 이에 대응하기 위해 유럽과 미국 등의 주요도시에서는 도시들의 모습을 바꾸어 가면서까지 현실적 대응방안으로 볼라드를 포함한 물리적 방어물을 도시 곳곳에 설치하고 있다. 국내의 경우 서방동맹국가들과는 달리 차량돌진공격과 같은 테러공격에 대한 대비와 관심이 현실적으로 미비한 수준이다. 국내에서는 차량돌진공격과 관련한 국내의 물리적 방호시설에 대한 법제도, 물리적 방호물의 표준화된 기준, 그 효과성 등에 대해 분석하고 정책적 제안을 시도하는 연구는 드물다. 그러나 국내에서도 국제테러단체 또는 자생 폭력적 극단주의자에 의한 테러 발생이 전혀 가능하지 않다고 장담할 수 없는 상황이다. 이 때문에 물리적 방어시설에 대한 현실적 고민이 필요할 것이다. 이 연구는 차량돌진테러공격과 관련한 몇 가지 정보와 방안 등을 제시한다. 먼저, 미국에서 도입한 다양한 물리적 방호시설과 안전장치에 대한 설치현황 및 정책적 방향 등에 대해 소개한다. 다음으로, 국내에서 차량돌진공격관련 안전시설에 대한 법률적 근거나 설치기준, 설치현황 및 효과성 등에 대해 분석하였다. 마지막으로 국내의 물리적 방호시설을 국외의 현황과 대비하여 비교분석 평가함으로서 정책적 방안을 제시하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제42호
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• pp.277-308
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• 2015

최근 일본인 인질사태와 시리아 조종사의 화형, 우리나라 김군의 IS테러단체의 가입과 같은 사건이 발생하면서 우리나라도 IS테러와 관련하여 더 이상 예외가 아니라고 할 수 없을 것이다. 또한 IS테러집단은 전 세계인을 상대로 특히 영웅이 되고 싶고 비판력이 약하며 소외되어 있는 10대 청소년을 대상으로 대화나 게임 등의 SNS를 통한 IS가입을 권유하면서 자국 내 국민은 물론 다른 나라의 불만세력이 있거나 운둔형인 국민들까지 언제든지 테러단체에 가입 할 수 있는 환경을 만들면서 IS테러단체의 테러행위는 자국 내 국민에 의해서도 외국인이나 이주민에 의해서도 발생될 수 있는 상황이 되었다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 이러한 IS테러단체의 테러행위에 대한 심각성을 인식하고, IS테러단체의 공습확대에 따른 자국 내 테러발생 위험성에 대해 외국의 사건사례 등을 검토하여 이를 예방하고 대응할 수 있는 방안을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 그 결과 IS테러단체의 공습확대에 따른 자국 내 테러발생 위험성성은 존재하며 그 원인에 대한 대응 방안은 다음과 같다. 우선, IS테러단체의 사이트에 대한 내국인의 접근을 막기 위한 대테러방지법이 마련되어져야 하며, 다음으로는 각 기관과의 테러정보에 대한 교류와 협력 그리고 이를 통한 역할분담이 이루어져 테러가 발생했을 경우 신속하면서도 적절한 대책이 이우어져야 한다. 마지막으로 자국민 특히 10대 청소년에 대한 테러관련 교육과 테러에 대비한 안전강화프로그램이 개발 및 실행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This paper is intended to study what kinds of the vegetables are mentioned in the Bible and how they were used in those days. While one hundred and twenty-eight different plants are mentioned in the Bible, there are today 2,384 plant species in modem Israel, most of which have been introduced in recent centuries. These plants obviously did not exist there in biblical times and were only recently introduced from Australia and South America, respectively. This article will study only the vegetables mentioned in the Bible and known to have existed in the old and new testament times. Since the first book devoted exclusively to biblical botany was that of Levinus Lemmens in 1566, the modem systematic study of biblical plants, began with F. Hasselquist, a student of Linnaeus, the founder of modem botany. In 1928, Immanuel Loew approached the subject differently, reviewing all known data pertaining to biblical plants. His work not only discussed biblical plants, but also plants in later Jewish literature, particularly the Talmud. The British scholar G. E. Post provided a broad field study of modem plants in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan. More recent major treatments of the subject include those of A. and H. Moldenke (1952), M. Zohary (1982), N. Hareuveni (1984), and Y. J. Choi(1996). Today, articles on specific biblical plants listed in the Bible can be found in any number of encyclopedias. This study attempts to provide a synthesis of the work of a number of scholars who studied the vegetables and plants mentioned in the Bible. As a preliminary study on the culture of food in the biblical period, this study has focused on the identity and features of the vegetables of the Bible. In only a limited number of instances, because of the paucity of the informations and the broad and generic descriptions of the plants, we can't be certain about the identification of the vegetables named in the Bible. In many instances the traditions established by the Greek, Aramaic, and English translations are helpful, although sometimes they are misleading. This paper subdivides the vegetables into broad areas, the general vegetables and the flavoring herbs. Vegetables formed very important part of the diet in the biblical times. Two main types were used: those whose nutritious seeds could be easily stored and those which were eaten freshly gathered from gardens. Pulse seeds provided a useful source of vegetable protein, while fresh green vegetables were vitamin rich. Pulses could be eaten boiled, or their dried seeds could be ground up into flour and then made into nutritious soups. Fresh vegetables were eaten either raw or lightly cooked, usually by boiling in water. The general vegetables in the Bible are herbs(garden rocket), cucumber(snake cucumber), watermelon, leeks, chicory, and onions. Also the flavoring herbs in the Bible are rue, dill, cummin, black cummin, frankincense, cinnamon, cassia, myrrh, black mustard, coriander, mint, saffron, ginger grass, syrian hyssop, aloes(eagle wood), manna which have the flavor, aroma, and medical values.