• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the seed storage method and seed germination characteristics of Synurus deltoides (Ait.) Nakai, a kind of wild vegetables. Several parameters affecting seed germination, such as germination temperature, chilling duration, imbibition duration, and storage method were evaluated. The seed germination of Synurus deltoides showed the highest germination rate (GR), promptness index (PI), germination performance index (GPI), mean daily germination (MDG) at 25℃. This implies that the optimum germination temperature was 25℃. And also, Seeds stored at -4℃, after 150 days showed relatively high germination rate about 98%. Therefore, The optimum germination temperature of Synurus deltoides was 25℃ and to increase the germination rate over 98% of Synurus deltoides, cold-wet storage 20 days treatments at 4℃ were effective in the improvement of seed germination.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2006

A mixture of cerebrosides (1) and four triterpenoids (2 - 5) have been isolated from the hexane- and EtOAc-soluble fractions of the roots of Synurus deltoides (Ait.) Nakai (Compositae). Triterpenoid structures were determined as lupeol (2), $\beta-amyrin$ (3), $\alpha-amyrin$ (4), and ursolic acid (5). Synurus cerebrosides (1) were characterized as a common long chain base (2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-amino-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol and fatty acyl chains; palmitic acid, (2R)-2-hydroxybehenic acid, (2R)-2-hydroxytricosanoic acid, (2R)-2-hydroxylignoceric acid, (2R)-2-hydroxypentacosanoic acid, and (2R)-2-hydroxyhexacosanoic acid. The synurus cerebrosides (1) were the first isolation from a natural source.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2021

This study investigated the volatile flavor composition of essential oils extracted from Synurus deltoides (Arr.) Nakai. The essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of plants by the hydrodistillation extraction method were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Ninety-six (98.76%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of S. deltoides (Arr.) Nakai. The major compounds were 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (19.91%) and phytol (12.38%). Ninety-seven (97.81%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted from shade-dried leaves of S. deltoides (Arr.) Nakai. The major compounds were phytol (51.71%), di(6-methylhept-2-yl) phthalate (7.66%), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (4.23%). Quantitative variations of 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, phytol and di(6-methylhept-2-yl) phthalate according to different state of S. deltoides (Arr.) Nakai can serve as a quality index of essential oils used in the food industry.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.528-533
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to determine the antimutagenic effects of Synurus deltoides extracts on the mutagenesis induced by 3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5-H-pyrido[4, 3-blindol(Trp-P-1), 2-amitnofluorene (2-AF) and 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide(4NQO) using Ames test. Raw juice, heated juice, and ethanol extract from Synurus deltoides itself did not induce mutagenesis. The raw juice, heated juice and ethanol extract of 50${mu}ell$/plate showed approximately 90%, 37% and 28% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by Trp-P-1 against TA98 strain, while 80%, 60% and 58% inhibition was observed on the mutagenesis induced by 2-AF at the concentration of 200${mu}ell$/plate, respectively. TA100 strain was more sensitive than TA98 strain by raw juice, heated juice and ethanol extract on the mutagenesis induced by Trp-P-1 and 2-AF. Meanwhile, the raw juice, heated juice, and ethanol extract showed very limited inhibitory effects on the mutagenesis induced by 4-NQO against TA98 and TA100 strain. These results indicate that raw juice had the strongest inhibitory effect on the Trp-P-1 or 2-AF induced mutagenesis, but all of the extracts had a little antimutagenc effects on the 4-NQO induced mutagenesis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 1997

This study investigated the antigenotoxic effects of Synurus deltoides extract on the mutagenesis induced by benzo[a]pyene(B[a]P). About 80% and 90% antimutagenic effects were observed in the presence of over 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of methanol extract of Synurus deltoides against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 induced by B[a]P, respectively. The methanol extract itself did not induce an increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCE) irrespective of the sampling time(up to 72h), while the treatment with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P) at 150mg/kg significantly increased (p<0.05) the incidence of MNPCE. The strongest relative frequency of MNPCE was observed at 36h after injection of B[a]P and the most significant reduction (p<0.05) in the frequencies of MNPCE was occurred at the feeding of the methanol extract to mice 12 h before injection of B[a]P. The most significant reduction (p<0.05) with 48% was observed in the frequencies of MNPCE when 50 mg/kg of the methanol extract was given to the mice 12h before injection of B[a]P, while the strongest relative frequency inhibition was 54% at the multiple feeding of 5mg/kg of the methanol extract e time every day for 5 days on th frequencies of MNPCE induced by 150 mg/kg of B[a]P. These results indicate that the methanol extract of Synurus deltoides have a strong modulatory effect on benzo[a]pyrene induced MNPCE.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai, belonging to the Compositae family, is an edible plant widely distributed in Northeast Asia. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulative effects of the ethanol extract of S. deltoides (SDE). The SDE extract strongly down-regulated the mRNA expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, thereby inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TNF-${\alpha}$ in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, SDE also suppressed the nuclear translocation of the activation protein (AP)-1 and the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), and simultaneously decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and Akt. In agreement with the in vitro observations, the orally administered SDE ameliorated the acute inflammatory symptoms in the arachidonic acid-induced ear edema and the EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis in mice. Therefore, S. deltoides have a potential anti-inflammatory capacity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the potential therapeutic use in the inflammation-associated disorders.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2012

This study was investigated to compare the volatile aroma compounds of Synurus deltoides and Aster scaber. The volatile aroma compounds from Synurus deltoides and Aster scaber were extracted by soild-phase microextraction (SPME) methods. S. deltoides had 97 volatile aroma compounds such as including 5-acetyl-1,2-dihydro acenaphtylene (14.63%), ${\beta}$-cubebene (9.31%), caryophyllene (8.97%), ${\beta}$-chamigrene (7.14%), ${\beta}$-selinene (2.71), ${\alpha}$-farnesene (2.47%), ${\alpha}$-bergamotene (2.26%), ${\beta}$-elemene (1.94%), etc. A. scaber had 84 volatile aroma compounds such as (+)-epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (10.38%), terpinolen (10.09%), caryophyllene (6.04%), 8-isopropenyl-1,5-dimethyl-1,5-cyclodeca diene (5.42%), ${\alpha}$-himachalene (5.04%), ${\beta}$-thujene (4.37%), ${\beta}$-pinene (4.28%), ${\beta}$-cubebene (3.99%), etc. Conclusively, the main common volatile aroma compounds in S. deltoides and A. scaber leaves were 19 volatile aroma compounds such as caryophyllene, terpinolen, ${\beta}$-cubebene. But the composition and amount of volatile aroma compounds were very different between the two species.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.848-853
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• 2005

Synurus deltoides was previously found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity especially against chronic inflammation, and strong analgesic activity in vivo. In this study, new anti-inflammatory formulation containing S. deltoides extract as a major ingredient was prepared and in vivo activity was evaluated. The plausible action mechanism was also investigated. The new formulation (SAG) contains 1 part of S. deltoides extract, 0.9 part of Angelica gigas extract and 0.9 part of glucosamine sulfate (w/w). SAG inhibited dose-dependently edematic response of arachidonic acid (AA)- and 12-O-tetradecanoyl 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice, which is an animal model of acute inflammation. SAG showed 44.1 % inhibition of AA-induced ear edema at an oral dose of 50 mg/kg. In an animal model of chronic inflammation, SAG clearly reduced the edematic response of 7 -day model of multiple treatment of TPA (38.1 % inhibition at 200 mg/kg/day). Furthermore, SAG (50-800 mg/kg/day) as well as S. deltoides extract (285 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited prostaglandin $E_2$ production from the skin lesion of the animals of 7-day model. These results were well correlated with in vitro finding that SAG as well as S. deltoides extract reduced cyclooxygenase (COX)-1- and COX-2-induced prostanoid production, measured in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Therefore, these results suggest that SAG possesses anti-inflammatory activity in vivo against acute as well as chronic inflammatory animal models at least in part by inhibition of prostaglandin production through COX-1/COX-2 inhibition. And COX inhibition of SAG is possibly contributed by S. deltoides extract among the ingredients. Although the anti-inflammatory potencies of SAG were less than those of currently used anti-inflammatory drugs, this formulation may have beneficial effect on inflammatory disorders as a neutraceutical.

• 식물병연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2022

Foot rot symptoms were repeatedly observed on plants of deltoid synurus (Synurus deltoides) growing in a field of the Wild Vegetable Research Institute located in Pyeongchang, Korea during disease surveys in July 2020 and June 2021. The symptoms appeared as wilting of the plant leaves, and the plant stems and petioles at or above the soil line turned dark and rotted. The incidence of diseased plants in the field was 5-10%. Five isolates of Phytophthora sp. were obtained from lesions of the diseased plants and investigated for their morphological and molecular characteristics. All the isolates were identified as Phytophthora cryptogea based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. Three isolates of P. cryptogea were tested for pathogenicity on deltoid synurus plants using artificial inoculation. All the tested isolates caused foot rot symptoms on the inoculated plants. The symptoms were similar to those observed in plants from the field investigated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cryptogea causing Phytophthora foot rot in deltoid synurus.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2011

P-V 곡선을 적용하여 참취와 수리취의 수분특성인자를 측정한 결과 최대포수시의 삼투포텐셜 ${\Psi}^{sat}_o$과 초기원형질 분리점의 삼투포텐셜 ${\Psi}^{tlp}_o$은 참취가 수리취보다 낮은 값을 나타냈으나 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 최대팽압 ${\Psi}_{P,max}$는 참취가 수리취에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 최대탄성계수 $E_{max}$는 참취가 수리취에 비해 약 2.4배 정도 높은 값을 나타냈다. 초기원형질분리점에서의 상대함수율 $RWC^{tlp}$은 참취와 수리취 모두 90% 이상의 함수율을 보여 비교적 삼투 조절기능이 좋은 것을 알 수 있었고, apoplastic water의 비율은 참취가 더 크며, Vo/DW, Vt/DW, Ns/DW은 수리취가 참취에 비해 약 1.5~2.0배 정도 큰 경향을 보였다. 위 결과를 통해 참취와 수리취 모두 초기원형질분리점과 최대포수시의 삼투포텐셜이 높은 편으로 내건성은 비교적 약한 것으로 나타났으며, 습윤한 지역이 생육에 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 참취와 수리취를 비교할 때 참취가 수리취에 비해 건성잎의 특성을 가지고 있으며, 최대탄성계수와 삼투포텐셜이 높아 내건성이 약간 더 강한 것을 알 수 있었다.