• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.69-79
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• 2021

Objectives : In clinical practice, there are many cases of co-administration of herbal medicine and synthetic drugs. This study tried to identify whether the combined administration of herbal medicine and synthetic drugs including amoxicillin increases Helcicobacter pylori eradication rate compared to the single administration of synthetic drugs or the combined administration of synthetic drugs and placebo herbal medicine through systematic review. Methods : Relevant randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMED database. The risk of biases was assessed through the Cochrane Risk of Bias criteria. Three reviewers were extracted the characteristics and outcomes of each study. Meta-analysis of eradication rate and adverse event was conducted. Results : Four RCTs were selected. In meta-analysis, the combination of herbal medicine and synthetic drugs showed eradication effect, but it was not statistically significant (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17 to 1.24; p=0.13; I²=56%) than administration of synthetic medicine alone. Combination of herbal medicine and synthetic medicine did not increased the incidence of adverse event(OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.59; p=0.68, I²=0%) compared to single administration of synthetic medicine. Conclusion : Although no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the eradication rate and the incidence rate of adverse events, it was difficult to draw a clear conclusion due to the heterogeneity between studies and the low quality of reporting. A number of studies that have overcome these limitations in the future will lead to definite conclusions.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

Objective : This systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of herbal medicine on Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection compared to amoxicillin included synthetic drugs. Methods : Relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) which were published prior to December 26, 2020, were collected using PubMED database. Risk of bias evaluation and data extraction were done independently by two reviewers, and the third reviewer reassessed mismatching parts. Results : Two RCTs testing two different herbal medicines against synthetic drugs solitary treatment or synthetic drugs with placebo for herbal medicine were included. One study reported that there was no significant difference between the eradication rate of synthetic drugs and the herbal medicine. The other study did not report the eradication rate of the herbal medicine. One study reported histologic severity, the other reported dyspepsia score as efficacy indicators. There was no adverse event reported in all studies. However, the number of included RCTs was too small, the quality of reported data was not enough to verify efficacy of herbal medicine, and there were some methodological problems. Conclusion : It was difficult to conclude that solitary treatment of herbal medicine was as effective as amoxicillin included synthetic drugs for H. pylori infection.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Objective : Many patients take antihypertensive drugs as well as herbal medicines at the same time in order to treat other symptoms or to keep their well-being. In this study, interactions between herbal medicines and synthetic antihypertensive drugs were analyzed. Methods : To investigate the interaction between herbal medicines and synthetic antihypertensive drugs, three electronic databases, including OASIS, Mediline and Sciencedirect were searched. Experimental and clinical studies on the interaction between herbal medicines and antihypertensive drugs were independently reviewed and included. Results : Analyzing selected studies, twenty herbs were found to interact with antihypertensive drugs. Herbs found to increase the antihypertensive effect were Panax ginseng, Carthamus tinctorius, Magnolia officinalis, Silybum marianum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Schisandra chinensis, Sophora flavescens, Piper nigrum, Curcuma longa, Ginkgo biloba, Juncus effuses and Hydrastis canadensis. In contrast, Commiphora myrrha, Rhodiola rosea, Hypericum perforatum, Eurycoma longifolia, and Daturae metel were found to inhibit the antihypertensive effect. Stephania tetrandra could increase or decrease the effect depending on the type of antihypertensive drug. Epedria sínica was suspected of pharmacodynamic interaction with antihypertensive drug. Glycyrrhiza uralensis has been reported to have serious side effects in combination with antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion : These results imply that when used in combination with herbal medicines and synthetic antihypertensive drugs, proper doses and herbs which are to avoid need to be informed to the patients. Despite concerns about interactions between herbal medicines and synthetic drugs, related research is very limited. More systematic researches are needed to give information on patient safety as well as to guide clinical practice.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Eutylone, dibutylone, and dimethylone are potential psychotropic designer drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro metabolic pathways of synthetic cathinones with methylenedioxy groups. The three methylenedioxy derivatives were incubated with human liver microsomes. The metabolites were characterized based on liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eutylone, dibutylone, and dimethylone were metabolized to yield three, six, and four metabolites, respectively. Reduction and demethylenation were the major metabolic pathways for all three drugs tested. However, dibutylone and dimethylone showed an additional metabolite generated via N-oxidation. These results provide evidence for the in vivo metabolism of methylenedioxy synthetic cathinones, and could be applied to the analysis of synthetic cathinones and their relevant metabolites in biological samples.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.144-156
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• 1992

The residue of drug in foods of animal origin has increasingly become of interest to the entire livestock industry as growing consumer health concerns. The current overvie of feed additives and veterinary drugs used in Japan and their residual analysis has been reviewed. High performance liquid chromatographic technique(HPLC) with various detectors can be expected to be successfully applied for the routine analysis of residual feed additives and veterinary drugs including anabolic agents in livestock products.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.234.1-234.1
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• 2002

Any food additive as a chemical synthetic compound. whose criteria and standards are not notified publicly and foods using an food additives containing such a chemical synthetic compound or foods containing it shall not be sold. or manufactured. imported. processed. used. prepared. stored. transported. or displayed for the purpose of sale. Some food manufacturers have illegally added drugs to foods not notifying this. Moreover. structure-modified new drugs could be added. But it is almost impossible to detect these by ordinary laboratory inspection. Thus the study about the identification of analogues of pending drugs is imminent. (omitted)

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.415-422
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• 2000

Enzymatic resolution is becoming increasingly important in the production of optically active pharmaceutical drugs and is now challenging the traditional synthetic methods for production of a variety of chiral intermediates and products. This article reviews the recent advances in chirotechnology using enzymes as a catalyst to resolve chiral compounds. The review focuses on the recent trends in chirotechnology and the application of enzymes to the production of industrially valuable pharmaceutical drugs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2015

The emergence and use of synthetic cannabinoids have greatly increased in recent years. These substances are easily dispensed over the internet and on the streets. Some synthetic cannabinoids were shown to have abuse liability and were subsequently regulated by authorities. However, there are compounds that are still not regulated probably due to the lack of abuse liability studies. In the present study, we assessed the abuse liability of three synthetic cannabinoids, namely JWH-030, JWH-175, and JWH-176. The abuse liability of these drugs was evaluated in two of the most widely used animal models for assessing the abuse potential of drugs, the conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration (SA) test. In addition, the open-field test was utilized to assess the effects of repeated (7 days) treatment and abrupt cessation of these drugs on the psychomotor activity of animals. Results showed that JWH-175 (0.5 mg/kg), but not JWH-030 or JWH-176 at any dose, significantly decreased the locomotor activity of mice. This alteration in locomotor activity was only evident during acute exposure to the drug and was not observed during repeated treatment and abstinence. Similarly, only JWH-175 (0.1 mg/kg) produced significant CPP in rats. On the other hand, none of the drugs tested was self-administered by rats. Taken together, the present results indicate that JWH-175, but not JWH-030 and JWH-176, may have abuse potential. More importantly, our findings indicate the complex psychopharmacological effects of synthetic cannabinoids and the need to closely monitor the production, dispensation, and use of these substances.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.198-201
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• 1986

The successful elucidation of the opiate receptor and its natural ligands has generated speculation that other drugs might interact with cellular sites designed to accommodate endogenous mediators. The properties of binding sites for the cardiac glycosides(CG), together wit the potency and specificity of the digitalis drugs suggest that CG mimic an endogenous digitalis-like factor. Recenthy, several laboratories have reported the potency in mammalian tissues and fluids of unidentified materials that share certain specific propeties of the CG. Identification of body's own digitalis might yield a natural co pound whose synthetic analogs may provide safer and more effective drugs than can be achieved by structural edification of the CG of plant origin.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2001

Herbal medicines have been used since ancient times as medicines to treat and relieve the symptoms of many different human diseases. However, so far, relatively few herbal medicines have been evaluated scientifically to prove their safety, potential benefits and effectiveness. This study was conducted to provide the groundwork for improving the current registration regulations for herbal medicines in distinction from synthetic medicines. The study was performed based on the literature research and individual interviews with 5 experts who had extensive experience in registration of herbal medicines. When compared with synthetic drugs, herbal medicines exhibit some marked differences, namely the active principles are frequently unknown, standardization, stability and quality control are not easy, they are usually mixtures of complex compounds. Second, the current regulations for herbal medicines are reviewed by comparison of foreign regulation systems like the one in China. The regulation requirements of herbal medicine in China are in distinction from synthetic drugs. The authors conclude that new registration requirements for the herbal medicines should be changed as follows; the toxicity and efficacy data should be submitted as mixed herbal preparation and the documents and other research on the reproduction and generation toxicity need to be shown for the proof of reproduction and generation toxicity, if needed.