• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.930-937
• /
• 2003

This research deals with how to select connection positions of two substructures to be synthesized. The goal of this research is to find optimal connection positions in order to maximize the fundamental natural frequency of the synthesized structure. The natural frequencies of a connected structure are obtained by modal-force equations. Optimal connection positions can be selected through optimization process. In the optimization process, the natural frequencies of a connected structure are set to object function value and connection positions become design variables. The method described above is applied to synthesis problems of plates, which is initially conducted for FE models and verified through experiments. Especially in experiments. FRF(frequency response function) s are obtained by means of the Modal Testing technique to be used in modal-force equations for synthesizing. Once the substructures are synthesized. the Modal Testing technique is again applied to spot-welded structure using the result from the optimization procedure. It is found that the fundamental natural frequency of the synthesized structure with the optimized result gives higher value than those with the initially given connection positions.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.91-91
• /
• 2012

We aim in synthesizing various functional thin films thinner than ~ 10 nm for environmental applications and photovoltaic devices. Atomic layer deposition is used for synthesizing inorganic thin films with a precise control of the film thickness. Several examples about application of our thin films for removing volatile organic compounds (VOC) will be highlighted, which are summarized in the below. 1) $TiO_2$ thin films prepared by ALD at low temperature ($<100^{\circ}C$) show high adsorption capacity for toluene. In combination with nanostructured templates, $TiO_2$ thin films can be used as building-block of high-performing VOC filter. 2) $TiO_2$ thin films on carbon fibers and nanodiamonds annealed at high temperatures are active for photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs, i.e. photocatalytic filter can be created by atomic layer deposition. 3) NiO can catalyze oxidation of toluene to $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ at $<300^{\circ}C$. $TiO_2$ thin films on NiO can reduce poisoning of NiO surfaces by reaction intermediates below $200^{\circ}C$. We also fabricated inverted organic solar cell based on ZnO electron collecting layers on ITO. $TiO_2$ thin films with a mean diameter less than 3 nm on ZnO can enhance photovoltaic performance by reducing electron-hole recombination on ZnO surfaces.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.90.2-90.2
• /
• 2012

Graphene has recently attracted significant attention because of its unique optical and electrical properties. For practical device applications, special attention has to be paid to the synthesis of high-quality graphene on large-area substrates. Graphene has been synthesized by eloborated mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, chemical reduction of exfoliated grahene oxide, thermal decomposition of silicon carbide, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Ni or Cu substrates. Among these techniques, CVD is superior to the others from the perspective of technological applications because of its possibility to produce a large size graphene. PECVD has been demonstrated to be successful in synthesizing various carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and nanosheets. Compared with thermal CVD, PECVD possesses a unique advantage of additional high-density reactive gas atoms and radicals, facilitating low-temperature, rapid, and controllable synthesis. In the current study, we report results in synthesizing of high-quality graphene films on a Ni films at low temperature. Controllable synthesis of quality graphene on Cu foil through inductively-coupled plasma CVD (ICPCVD), in which the surface chemistry is significantly different from that of conventional thermal CVD, was also discussed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2003

This research deals with how to select connection positions of two substructures to be synthesized. The goal of this research is to find optimal connection positions in order to maximize the fundamental natural frequency of the synthesized structure. The natural frequencies of a connected structure are obtained by modal-force equations. Optimal connection positions can be selected through optimization process. In the optimization process, the natural frequencies of a connected structure are set to object function value and connection positions become design variables. The method described above is applied to synthesis problems of plates, which is initially conducted for FE models and verified through experiments. Especially in experiments, FRE(frequency Response function)s are obtained by means of the Modal Testing technique to be used in modal-force equations for synthesizing. Once the substructures are synthesized, the Modal Testing technique is again applied to spot-welded structure using the result from the optimization procedure. It is found that the fundamental natural frequency of the synthesized structure with the optimized result gives higher value than those with the initially given connection positions.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.284-291
• /
• 2018

Ball-milling for reactant powders in advance and using an induction heating system for Ni-Al intermetallic coating process are known to enhance the reactivity of combustion synthesis. In this work, the effects of the charging weight ratio of ball to powder in ball-milling for reactant Ni-Al powders and the synthesizing temperature in induction heating on sliding wear behavior of the coating layers are investigated. Sliding wear behavior of the coating layers is examined against a tool steel using a pin-on-disc type sliding wear machine. As results, wear of the coating layer ball-milled without ball was severely worn out at the sliding speed of 2m/s, regardless of the synthesizing temperature in induction heating. However, the wear rate of the coating layers at the sliding speed was remarkably decreased with increasing the charging weight ratio of ball in ball-milling for reactant powders. This can be explained by the fact that the void in the coating layer is disappeared and the coating layer is densified by the ball-milling. The evidence showed that pitting damages were disappeared on the worn surface of ball-milled coating layer. Consequentially, the Ni-Al intermetallic coating layer could have better wear resistance at all sliding speed ranges with the ball-milling for reactant powders in advance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.792-799
• /
• 2019

The present study aims to investigate the fluorination of thorium oxide ($ThO_2$) by ammonium hydrogen difluoride ($NH_4HF_2$). Fluorination was performed at room temperature by mixing $ThO_2$ and $NH_4HF_2$ at different molar ratios, which was then left to react for 20 days. Next, the mixtures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the intervals of 5, 10, 15, and 20 days, followed by the heating of the mixtures at $450-750^{\circ}C$ with argon gas flow. The characterization of $ThF_4$ was established using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). In this study, ammonium thorium fluoride was synthesized through the fluorination of $ThO_2$ at room temperature. The optimum molar ratio in synthesizing ammonium thorium fluoride was 1.0:5.5 ($ThO_2:NH_4HF_2$) with 5 days reaction time. In addition, the heating of ammonium thorium fluoride at $450^{\circ}C$ was sufficient to produce $ThF_4$. Overall, this study proved that $NH_4HF_2$ is one of the fluorination agents that is capable of synthesizing $ThF_4$.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.222-228
• /
• 2023

Transition metal oxides formed by a single or heterogeneous combination of transition metal ions and oxygen ions have various types of crystal structures, which can be classified as layered structures and non-layered structures. With non-layered structures, it is difficult to realize a two-dimensional structure using conventional synthesis methods. In this study, we report the synthesis of cobalt oxide into wafer-scale nanosheets using a surfactant-assisted method. A monolayer of ionized surfactant at the water-air interface acts as a flexible template for direct cobalt oxide crystallization below. The nanosheets synthesized on the water surface can be easily transferred to an arbitrary substrate. In addition, the synthesizing morphological and crystal structures of the nanosheets were analyzed according to the reaction temperatures. The electrochemical properties of the synthesized nanosheets were also measured at each temperature. The nanosheets synthesized at 70 ℃ exhibited higher catalytic properties for the oxygen evolution reaction than those synthesized at other temperatures. This work suggests the possibility of changing material performance by adjusting synthesis temperature when synthesizing 2D nanomaterials using a wide range of functional oxides, resulting in improved physical properties.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2023

RISC-V는 오픈소스 명령어집합 아키텍처로, 누구나 자유롭게 RISC-V 마이크로프로세서를 설계하고 구현할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 RISC-V 아키텍처를 설계하고 시뮬레이션한 후, FPGA에 구현 및 합성하고 로직아날라이저(ILA)를 이용하여 검증하였다. RISC-V 코어는 SystemVerilog로 작성되어 효율적인 설계와 높은 재사용성을 나타내며, 다양한 응용 분야에서 사용 가능하다. Vivado를 사용하여 Ultra96-V2 FPGA보드에 합성함으로써 RISC-V 코어를 하드웨어로 구현하였고, 통합로직아날라이저(ILA)를 통해 설계의 정확성과 동작을 검증하였다. 실험 결과, 설계된 RISC-V 코어는 기대한 동작을 수행함을 확인하였으며, 이러한 연구 결과는 RISC-V 기반 시스템 설계와 검증에 중요한 기여를 할 수 있다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 1985

방사선 조사에 의한 발아 억제기작을 살펴보기 위하여 $4^{\circ}C$ 에서 저온 처리 한 감자에 0.12 kGy 감마선을 조사한 후 5주 동안 $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 $70{\sim}90%$에서 저장하였다. 이 기간 중 발아에 관여된다고 생각되는 ${\alpha}-amylase$, peroxidase, indole acetic acid (IAA) oxidase, IAA synthesizing enzyme의 활성 변화를 추적하였다. 시판 ${\alpha}-amylase$와 peroxidase의 방사선 감수성은 0.94와 0.36 kGy의 감마선 조사하여 $D_{37}$ 값을 얻었다. 감마선 조사를 행한 감자의 IAA oxidase 역가는 조사후 급격히 증가됐고 IAA 합성 효소의 역가는 조사직후 조금 증가하였으나 저장 기간에 따라 크게 감소하였다. 형태적인 변화에서 조사된 감자에서는 성장점의 고사와 변형된 눈이 관찰되었고 IAA 흑은 gibberellin 등의 처리에 의해 이들 자체로는 회복되지 않았고 그 주위로 새로운 눈의 성장이 관찰되었다. 결론으로 방사선 조사에 의해 야기된 감자의 호흡은 탄수화물이 ${\alpha}-amylase$등의 효소에 의한 분해로 이루어져 ATP를 공급하며 뒤이은 peroxidase 역가의 증가와 같은 효소의 합성은 방사선에 의한 손상을 치유하려는 과정에 속한다 할 수 있다. 또한 눈의 생장점에서의 고사 현상은 손상에 대한 방어 작용의 일종이라 해석되며 이로인한 발아 억제 현상을 페놀 대사와 관련지어 추측할 수 있었고 증가된 IAA oxidase와 IAA 합성계의 파괴에 의한 IAA의 고갈 역시 방사선 조사에 의한 발아 억제 현상의 원인이 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.531-538
• /
• 2015

This study examined the size and shape of the nano-silver particle through the analysis of electrical resistance when synthesizing nano-sized silver by using the chemical liquid reduction. Changes in particle behaviors formed according to the changes in electronic characteristics by electric resistance in each time period in the beginning of reduction reaction in a course of synthesizing the nano-silver particle formation were studied. In addition, analysis was conducted on particle behaviors according to the changes in concentration of $AgNO_3$ and in temperature at the time of reduction and nucleation and growth course when synthesizing the particles based on the particle behaviors were also examined. As the concentration of $AgNO_3$ increased, the same amount of resistance of approximately $5{\Omega}$ was increased in terms of initial electronic resistance. Furthermore, according to the result of formation of nuclear growth graph and estimation of slope based on estimated resistance, slops of $6.25{\times}10^{-3}$, $2.89{\times}10^{-3}$, and $1.85{\times}10^{-3}$ were derived from the concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.05 M, and 0.1 M, respectively. As the concentration of $AgNO_3$ increased, the more it was dominantly influenced by the nuclear growth areas in the initial phase of reduction leading to increase the size and cohesion of particles. At the time of reduction of nano-silver particle, the increases of initial resistance were $4{\Omega}$, $4.2{\Omega}$, $5{\Omega}$, and $5.3{\Omega}$, respectively as the temperature increased. As the temperature was increased into $23^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $80^{\circ}C$, slopes were formed as $4.54{\times}10^{-3}$, $4.65{\times}10^{-3}$, $5.13{\times}10^{-3}$, and $5.42{\times}10^{-3}$ respectively. As the temperature increased, the particles became minute due to the increase of nuclear growth area in the particle in initial period of reduction.