• 제목/요약/키워드: Synoptic weather analysis

검색결과 102건 처리시간 0.017초

영서지방의 푄현상 (The Nopsae;a Foehn type wind over the Young Suh region of central Korea)

  • 이현영
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.266-280
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    • 1994
  • 최근 12년간(1982-1993)의 고도별 상층일기도(850, 700, 500hPa)와 6시간 간격의 지 상일기도 그리고 지상의 기상요소를 분석하여 영서지방에서 높새바람이라고 알려져 있는 푄 현상의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 푄현상은 대체로 3월 21일부터 8월 10일까지 기간에 연평 균 28회 출현한다. 반순별로 10회 이상 출현하는 기간은 3월 21-25일, 4월5일-15일, 5월25일 -6월10일, 그리고 6월26-30일이다. 푄현상은 한반도가 오호츠크해기단의 영향하에 있거나, 고기압의 중심이 동해 또는 한반도 북부에 위치하고 있을 때 현저하다. 푄현상의 특성인 이 상고온 및 이상건조현상을 기준으로 푄의 강도를 평가할 때 양사면의 일최고기온의 차가 14.5$^{\circ}C$에 달하기도 하지만 대체로 5.0-7.5$^{\circ}C$(61%)이다. 전날에 비해 일최고기온이 7.6$^{\circ}C$가 높 아진 경우도 있다. 최소상대습도의 강도는 50%를 넘는 경우도 있으나 30% 이하인 사례가 2/3에 달한다. 푄현상의 강도는 6월에 가장 강하나 주민들은 밭작물의 파종과 이앙기인 봄 철에 더욱 심각하게 푄을 인식한다. 푄현상은 9일간 계속되기도 하였으나 55% 이상이 1일 안에 소멸한다. NOAA AVHRR와 GMS의 영상에서 구름의 분포를 참조하여 지상 기상요소 를 분석한 결과 푄현상에서는 풍상강수형, 풍상.정상강수헝, 풍상무강수형 등 3개 유형이 발견된다. 그런데 제 3유형은 열역학적 이론만으로는 설명하기 어려우므로 풍하파와의 관련 여부, 산지지형 또는 기단섭동과의 관련성 등을 밝힐 필요가 있는데, 이를 위하여는 고층기 상자료와 보다 조밀한 기상관측망이 요구된다.

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서울의 최근 자외선 복사의 변화 2004~2010 (Recent Variations of UV Irradiance at Seoul 2004~2010)

  • 김준;박상서;조나영;김우경;조희구
    • 대기
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.429-438
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    • 2011
  • The climatology of surface UV radiation for Seoul, presented in Cho et al. (1998; 2001), has been updated using measurement of surface erythemal ultraviolet (EUV) and total ultraviolet (TUV) irradiance (wavelength 286.5~363.0 nm) by a Brewer Spectrophotometer (MK-IV) for the period 2004~2010. The analysis was also carried out together with the broadband total (global) solar irradiance (TR ; 305~2800 nm) and cloud amount to compare with the UV variations, measured by Seoul meteorological station of Korean Meteorological Agency located near the present study site. Under all-sky conditions, the day-to-day variability of EUV exhibits annual mean of 98% in increase and 31% in decrease. It has been also shown that the EUV variability is 17 times as high as the total ozone in positive change, whereas this is 6 times higher in negative change. Thus, the day to day variability is dominantly caused rather by the daily synoptic situations than by the ozone variability. Annual mean value of daily EUV and TUV shows $1.62kJm^{-2}$ and $0.63MJm^{-2}$ respectively, whereas mean value of TR is $12.4MJm^{-2}$ ($143.1Wm^{-2}$). The yearly maximum in noon-time UV Index (UVI) varies between 9 and 11 depending on time of year. The highest UVI shows 11 on 20 July, 2008 during the period 2004~2010, but for the period 1994~2000, the index of 12 was recorded on 13 July, 1994 (Cho et al., 2001). A 40% of daily maximum UVI belongs to "low (UVI < 2)", whereas the UVI less than 5% of the maximum show "very high (8 < UVI < 10)". On average, the maximum UVI exceeded 8 on 9 days per year. The values of Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) EUV and UVI under cloud-free conditions are 1.8 times and 1.5 times, respectively, higher than the all-sky measurements by the Brewer. The trend analysis in fractional deviation of monthly UV from the reference value shows a decrease of -0.83% and -0.90% $decade^{-1}$ in the EUV and TUV, respectively, whereas the TR trend is near zero (+0.11% $decade^{-1}$). The trend is statistically significant except for TR trend (p = 0.279). It is possible that the recent UV decrease is mainly associated with increase in total ozone, but the trend in TR can be attributed to the other parameters such as clouds except the ozone. Certainly, the cloud effects suggest that the reason for the differences between UV and TR trends can be explained. In order to estimate cloud effects, the EUV, TUV and TR irradiances have been also evaluated for clear skies (cloud cover < 25%) and cloudy skies (cloud cover ${\geq}$ 75%). Annual mean values show that EUV, TUV and TR are $2.15kJm^{-2}$, $0.83MJm^{-2}$, and $17.9MJm^{-2}$ for clear skies, and $1.24kJm^{-2}$, $0.46MJm^{-2}$, and $7.2MJm^{-2}$ for cloudy skies, respectively. As results, the transmission of radiation through clouds under cloudy-sky conditions is observed to be 58%, 55% and 40% for EUV, TUV and TR, respectively. Consequently, it is clear that the cloud effects on EUV and TUV are 18% and 15%, respectively lower than the effects on TR under cloudy-sky conditions. Clouds under all-sky conditions (average of cloud cover is 5 tenths) reduced the EUV and TUV to about 25% of the clear-sky (cloud cover < 25%) values, whereas for TR, this was 31%. As a result, it is noted that the UV radiation is attenuated less than TR by clouds under all weather conditions.