• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.155-172
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• 2018

Objectives : The first object is to reveal the mechanism of diarrhea based on exterior heat syndrome for Taeumin as explained in Donguisusebowon's Taeeumingansuyeoliyeolbyeonglon. The second objective is to review the treatment for Taeumin as explained in Leejema's Galgeunnabogjatang because the drug composition of Galgeunnabogjatang, the drug that treats this syndrome, is not written. Methods : As the first step, the paper will review the disease pathology for Taeumin written, and check the existence of disease path that can be viewed as exterior heat syndrome. As the second step, the paper will review the probability of exterior heat syndrome deriving from Taeumin disease path and morph into the exterior heat syndrome. Results : Using the first step to discover the direct correlation between exterior heat syndrome and the theory of disease for Taeumin led to a failure, but through the second step, the paper was able to confirm the probability that exterior heat syndrome could derive from Wiwansuhanpyohanbyeong's Wiwanhanjeung. Based on this, the paper was able to determine the Galgeunnabogjatang suitable for the treatment of exterior heat syndrome. Conclusions : Exterior heat syndrome is created when healthy qi is stimulated to quickly build up the pathogen of Taeumin exterior heat syndrome, but only exterior heat is generated and the cold remains. Its main symptoms are fever, excessive sweating, and difficult painful red-urination. Exterior heat syndrome diarrhea refers to the diarrhea which is generated from the Taeumin's disease pathology. The paper determined that Galgeunnabogjatang, which is listed in Donguisusebowon the seventh edition Boyubang.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the fracture rates and a major cause of increased mortality and morbidity in the elderly people. This study is to determine which components of body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors are important to bone health, we analysed the relationship among bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors in females. Totally 630 females participated in a medical check-up program (mean age 47 years) were selected for this study. Body composition analysis was performed by segmental bioelectrical impedance method, muscle mass, and percent body fat were measured. We also measured metabolic syndrome risk factors including abdominal obesity, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure and fasting glucose level. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria. The lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were measured using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were observed in 180 and 51 persons, respectively. Muscle mass and HDL-cholesterol decreased in osteopenia and osteoporosis groups compared to the control group, and the grade was shown progressively by the symptoms. Significant positive correlation between BMD and muscle mass was observed. Multi variable regression analyses showed that % body fat and muscle mass were independent predictors of BMD after adjustment of age, height and weight. In conclusion, the BMD showed negative correlation with the metabolic and body composition was associated with BMD.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

Metabolic syndrome and homocysteine are associated with increased independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the difference between the degree of obesity, metabolic syndrome risk factors, plasma homocysteine and anthropometric obesity factors. Totally 398 participated in a medical check-up program were selected for this study. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to the number of metabolic syndrome components present as defined by the NCEP-ATP III criteria; Absent (0 criteria, n=124), Pre-MetS (1-2 criteria, n=220) and MetS (${\geq}3$ criteria, n=54). Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to distinguish between normal weight, overweight and obesity. MetS presented higher homocysteine than Absent (p<.05) and obesity higher than normal weight (p<.01). When Absent+Pre-MetS was used to classify obese or not, obesty presented higher homocysteine than non-obese (p<.05). Further homocysteine levels positively correlated with weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Especially WHR is not only MetS (r=0.378, p<.001) but also Absent+Pre-MetS (r=0.305, p=0.029) significantly positively correlated with homocysteine. The results of our study indicate that homocysteine is related closely to obesity. Although obesity has not been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, obesity related with increased homocysteine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.563-572
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate incidence and related factors of the metabolic syndrome in a Korean medicine hospital. The 716 subjects were analyzed using biochemical data and survey who took medical examination in Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital for general health check-up. This investigation was conducted from February in 2008 to July in 2010. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the definition by the NCEP ATP III. The abdominal obesity guidelines for waist circumference applied by the WHO Western Pacific Region, IASO and IOTF: The Asia-Pacific Perspective in 2000. Incidence of metabolic syndrome was 12% (14.6% in men, 8.2% in women). The groups that have two metabolic risk factors were 21.9% in men and 7.5% in women. The incidence increased with ageing. The mean of metabolic syndrome`s triglyceride was in hypertriglyceridemia, and that of their BMI in men was in primary obese and that of their AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP means were in abnormal liver function. Smokers in men have metabolic syndrome 10 times more than non-smokers in men. Exercisers that do the exercise once or twice a week in women have metabolic syndrome 0.2 times more than non-exerciser in women. Women that have family history of stroke, were associated with metabolic syndrome by $x^2$-test. Men that have family history of hypertension, have metabolic syndrome 4 times more than otherwise men. Men that have family history of diabetes mellitus, have metabolic syndrome 3 times more than otherwise men.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

We have evaluated an usefulness and association between serum levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptiase (GGT) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in 40-year-old men and women. The prevalence of MS in men (11.8%) was higher than that of women (4.0%). Serum levels of GGT were higher in men and women with MS than in them without MS. In the prevalence of higher serum GGT, men group with MS (35.8%) was greater than women group with MS (22.7%). In the relative risk of MS to an increased level of GGT, women group was higher than men group (about 3 times) (female, OR=7.48 vs male, OR=2.46). The present study reveals that routine check of serum GGT in health examination can be useful for the prevention and management of MS including cardiovascular and/or liver diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.258-263
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• 2021

Purpose: Myofascial syndrome is a chronic muscle pain caused by repetitive motions with stress-related muscle tension. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the evidence for diagnosing myofascial pain syndrome in trapezius muscle using a pressure algometer and surface electromyography. Methods: The experiments were performed using a total of 10 subjects, and the target locations were determined by means of a pressure algometer in the right upper trapezius muscle. The part with the lowest pain value as the trigger point and the part with the highest pain value as the non-pain trigger point were selected for measuring the locations. The median frequency and average frequency were measured in those locations with electromyography. To check the muscle fatigue, the upper trapezius muscle was moved up and down for 2 seconds at 5-second intervals in 30 seconds. The measured values were evaluated using the independent paired t-test and MannWhitney U-test. Results: The median frequency at the non-trigger point (13.7) was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (7.3). Furthermore, the mean frequency (14.7) at the non-trigger point was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (6.3). Conclusion: The results showed the correlations between the trigger points of the muscle pain and frequency analysis of surface electromyography. Thus, this study may be possible to use as a diagnostic tool for myofascial pain syndrome.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 1999

In order to identify the responses of Korean soybean cultivars to sudden death syndrome (SDS), forty-two Korean cultivars and three check cultivars (Hartwig and PI 520733 are resistant; Hartz 6686 is susceptible) were tested with sorghum seed inoculum infested with Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines isolate 171 in the greenhouse. This isolate has blue pigment cultural shape on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. All Korean cultivars inoculated with F. solani isolate 171 showed the typical SDS symptoms and disease severity on soybean leaves in each cultivar varied at 4 weeks after inoculation. Nine cultivars were included in the most SDS susceptible group and six cultivars were included in the most susceptible group based on Duncan＇s multiple range tests (P$\leq$0.05). In results of the LSD analysis for SDS the resistant group, a total of twenty-five Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS resistant group as PI 520733 or Hartwig and fourteen Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS susceptible group as Hartz 6686. In the second experiment, ten Korean cultivars, ten U.S. cultivars, and one introduced line were compared in the same way as the first experiment Disease severity ranking of check cultivars, Hartwig, PI 520733, and Hartz 6686, were the same as in the first experiment. Within Korean cultivars, seven cultivars showed the consistent severity proportions of leaf symptoms. Disease rankings of these cultivars in this experiment were the same as those in the first experiment. Three US cultivars: Hartwig, Hartz 5454, and Forrest, three Korean cultivars： Keunolkong, Myeongjunamulkong, and Jinpumkong 2, and one introduced line, PI 520733, were included in the highest SDS resistant group. Shinphaldalkong 2, Milyang 87, and Samnamkong consistently showed the highest SDS susceptibility in both experiments. Average disease severity in the first and the second experiment were 49.56% and 45.39%, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.333-340
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• 2018

This paper introduces a BCH code decoder using parallel CRC(: Cyclic Redundancy Check) generation. Using a conventional parallel syndrome generator with a LFSR(: Linear Feedback Shift Register), it takes up a lot of space for a short code. The proposed decoder uses the parallel CRC method that is widely used to compute the checksum. This scheme optimizes the a syndrome generator in the decoder by eliminating redundant xor operation compared with the parallel LFSR and thus minimizes chip area and propagation delay. In simulation results, the proposed decoder has accomplished propagation delay reduction of 2.01 ns as compared to the conventional scheme. The proposed decoder has been designed and synthesized in $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS process.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2019

Kounis syndrome is defined as the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome associated with vasoactive mediators, such as histamines in the setting of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions or anaphylactic insults. The condition can be caused by various drugs, foods, or environmental factors that cause allergic reactions. A 35-year-old male visited the emergency room with anaphylaxis accompanied by chest pain approximately 20 minutes after taking zaltoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. After acute treatment for the anaphylaxis, the patient was stabilized and all symptoms disappeared, but the ischemic changes in the electrocardiogram and elevation of the cardiac enzymes were observed. The emergency cardiac angiography and echocardiography were all normal. The allergic reaction of this patient to zaltoprofen was believed to cause a temporary coronary arterial vasospasm, inducing Type 1 Kounis syndrome. Thus far, there have been case reports of Kounis syndrome caused by a range of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but there are no reports of the condition being caused by zaltoprofen. According to the pathophysiology, both cardiac and allergic symptoms must be solved simultaneously, so rapid treatment and diagnosis are needed. Doctors treating acute allergic reactions and anaphylaxis patients must check the cardiovascular symptoms thoroughly and consider the possibility of Kounis syndrome.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1186-1193
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to provide the basic data for preventing and caring cardiovascular disease. The study was performed with the data from the same 1,668 persons who had medical checkup three times from 2004 to 2008 at a health promotion center. The related factors were examined with Cohort Study. The result of the study is as followed, The incidence of metabolic syndrome for the subjects from 2004 to 2008 increased; 0% in 2004, 8.3% in 2006 and 12.0% in 2008. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome which changed from the non metabolic syndrome group in 2004 to metabolic syndrome were age, smoking, total cholesterol, ALT, and uric acid etc.