• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2014

Objectives Eyes, one of visual inspection regions, present important clues to pathological patterns including deficiency and excess patterns to the clinicians. The purpose of this study was to develop Eyes Inspection Questionnaire (EIQ) and to examine which items among the EIQ were more predictive of clinicians' determination for the deficiency and excess patterns. Methods Nine questionnaire items for Visual Inspection of Eyes were extracted through the literature review. These items were presented to the 4 Korean medical doctors who are specialized in visual inspection to conduct the Delphi method. The Korean medical doctors were asked to rate the importance of each items for the corresponding Visual Inspection of Eyes, using a Likert 5-point scale(the 3 points of importance as a cut-off point). Then, out of 75 photographs submitted to the Society of HyungSang Medicine in 2009, 30 portrait pictures were selected as samples. The samples were copied to make 60 sample pictures, and then randomly assigned to 4 clinicians. The 4 clinicians evaluated the 60 samples for excess and deficiency of the eyes and were asked to check the 6 questionnaire items. The results were recorded as 5-points-scale, and their average and standard deviations were calculated. Intra- class reliability test and multi regression test were performed using SPSS 13. Results Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.750 to 0.841 (P<0.05). Indices for visual inspection of the eyes were: endowment of the bone structure around the eyes; brightness of the eyes; upward deviation of the eyes; eye shapes; and definition of iris. 76.92% of deficiency symptom patterns and 86.42% of the excess symptom patterns matched the patterns predicted by the visual inspection of the eyes, according to the frequency analysis. According to the multiple regression analysis, were significantly related to the excessive symptoms, and to the deficiency symptoms. Conclusion This study is the first attempt of development for checklist of excess and deficiency of Visual Inspection of Eyes and quantitative measurement of excess and deficiency using the Visual Inspection of Eyes by the visual inspection experts. Still, additional studies are needed regarding the relationship visual inspection methods have with existing standards of diagnosis.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.sup
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the most rapidly increasing degenerative brain disease due to population aging and westernization of lifestyle. Levodopa is the most commonly used drug to manage PD symptoms. However, levodopa has a problem in that the wearing-off phenomenon occurs as the duration and dose of administration increase. In order to investigate the wearing-off phenomenon in PD patients and devise countermeasures, we conducted a questionnaire survey in Korea. Methods: For the study, a questionnaire with a total of seven items was prepared. Part IV of the MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and the WOQ-9 (9-symptom Wearing-off Questionnaire) were used as references. Results: Of the 48 patients who completed the questionnaire, all 47 patients who completed the questionnaire experienced the wearing-off phenomenon. Only one of the patients diagnosed with PD a year ago did not experience the wearing-off phenomenon. Patients frequently mentioned a lack of sleep and stress as aggravating factors for wearing-off. They also stated that in order to resolve the off-state, they walked, massaged, warmed up the body, stretched and exercised. Conclusions: Because wearing-off is such a common occurrence, it is thought necessary to develop wearing-off prevention and resolution measures that PD patients can use in their daily lives.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2001

Objectives : To compare the multiple outcomes of patients with cataract surgery at perioperative time,3-4 months and 12 months after surgery and to assess patient outcomes associated with visual improvement(visual acuity of operated eye, visual function-14(VF-14), symptom score). Methods : For this assessment, a prospective study was conducted with 389 patients who had undergone cataract surgery for either one eye or both eyes. The surgery was peformed by 20 ophthalmologists who were practicing at university hospitals and general hospitals. Patients were interviewed and clinical data were obtained. Doctors were questioned with self-reported questionnaire forms. Medical records were examined in order to measure variables related to the surgical process such as surgical methods and ocular comorbidity. The survey was 'conducted at 4 stages' : preoperative time(389 cases), perioperative time(344 cases, 88.4%), postoperative 3-4 months (343 cases, 88.2%), and postoperative 12 months (281 cases, 72.2%). After excluding cases with incomplete data, 198 cases were enrolled in the study. Patient outcomes was measured for any improvement in the functional outcomes(visual acuity of operated eye, visual function, symptom score) at postoperative 3-4 months. Results : The visual acuity(operated, weighted average), symptom score, VF-14 score, satisfaction with vision, and subjective health status were shown to be improved at the perioperative time, postoperative 3-4 months and 12 mouths. An improvement in the Snellen visual acuity score was observed in 190 patients(96.0%), whereas improvements of the VF-14 score and cataract symptom sure were observed in 151 patients(76.3%) and 179 patients(90.4%), respectively. All three outcome measures demonstrated improvement in 137 patients(09.2%). The improvement of the three functional outcomes at 3-4 months after receiving surgery was associated with a lower level of visual function and a higher level of cataract symptom score at perioperative time, as well as a greater experience level of the surgeon. Conclusions : In this study, the estimates of the proportion of patients benefiting from cataract surgery varied with the outcome measure of benefit. Preoperative VF-14 score, a measure of functional impairment related to vision, and symptom score may be better measures of the benefit derived from cataract surgery than the change in visual acuity.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 1997

Objectives: We attempted to study sleep habits and insomnia-associated factors in Korean rural adult population. Methods : In 1,441 adult subjects of three rural communities selected by cluster sampling, we administered an epidemiologic survey using questionnaire methods from July 14, 1996 to July 28, 1996. Results : 1) Mean sleep latency and mean time to sleep again after awakening during nocturnal sleep were longer in females than in males. Females suffered more frequently from insomnia symptom, awakening during nocturnal sleep. morning headache, dysphoric mood in the morning, and the feeling of 'not refreshed' on waking-up than males. 2) The older age group (defined as those older than 65 years) was found to have earlier bed-time, longer sleep latency, more frequent nocturia, longer time to sleep again after awakening during nocturnal sleep, and more frequent insomnia symptom. 3) The presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week was significantly associated with suffering from physical illness, being divorced-separated-widowed, frequently feeling depressed, nocturia, or low education level. 4) In multiple logistic regression analysis, old age, being female, low education level, frequently feeling depressed, and nocturia were independently associated with the presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week. Conclusion : We conclude that, in a Korean rural adult population, insomnia symptom increases with age and females usually suffer more from insomnia symptom than males. In addition, low education level, feeling depressed mood frequently, and nocturia are found to be significantly associated independently with the presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in electronics assembly line workers. Method: A questionnaire survey was performed on 350 workers in In-chon city. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the general characteristics, work duration, working hours, hobby activity hours, housekeeping activity hours and standardized descriptions of NOISH on musculoskeletal symptoms. Result: Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms by anatomical site were as follows: shoulder, 67% : neck, 40.4% : waist, 28.7% : wrist and hand, 27.1% : foot and leg, 14.4% : arm and elbow, 11.2%. Significantly higher prevalence of shoulder musculoskeletal symptom was found women than men, married than unmarried, less than 1hours housekeeping activity than over 1hours housekeeping activity. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified gender, marital status and housekeeping activity as the main affecting factors for shoulder musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions: The most prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was shoulder site. It was higher in married women and over 1hours housekeeping activity in a day. It is recommended that married women should be reduce housekeeping activity time.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2013

Objective : This study evaluated the effect of Gui-Zhi-Tang(桂枝湯) on chronic cough. Methods : Three patients who had a chronic cough were diagnosed by the Shanghanlun(傷寒論) Six meridian patterns diagnostic system (六經診斷體系) and treated with Gui-Zhi-Tang(桂枝湯) based on Shang-han-lun's 12th and 15th text. The treatment lasted more than 4 weeks. The severity of Chronic cough was evaluated by the questionnaire(symptom severity assessment) before and after administration of each treatment term. Results : After the treatments, the patients' symptoms and results of the questionnaire improved. Conclusions : This case study showed an effectiveness of using Gui-Zhi-Tang on chronic cough.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.48
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to propose and to apply new Revised Simulator Sickness Questionnaire(RSSQ) that is effective quantification tool by revising and complementing SSQ because Simulator Sickness Questionnaire(SSQ), which is being used generally to quantify Simulator Sickness has several problems. For this study, we reduced 31 symptoms that are related to Simulator Sickness to 22 symptoms and derived weighting for each other from 15 experts. We developed new RSSQ with 22 symptoms and implemented factor analysis by using 142 RSSQ which is questioned before and after getting on simulator. It was classified to four major symptom groups as the result of the factor analysis. They are Disorientation, Oculomotor, Nausea, and Confuse. The scoring system of RSSQ provides subscales score of Disorientation, Oculomotor, Nausea, and Confuse as well as total severity. The scoring system of RSSQ which is proposed by this study is expected to improve accuracy of measure compared with an existing scoring system of SSQ, and to contribute with understanding the effect of Simulator Sickness more adequately and clearly.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2001

Objectives : It is known that rouleau condition of red blood cell on live blood analysis is related to degree of fatigue. This study was planed to prove the correlation between rouleau condition of red blood cell and degree of fatigue by using the questionnaire 'Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception' that had been verified before. Methods : We analyzed the correlation between rouleau condition and degree of fatigue by calculating ratio of rouleau of red blood cell after measuring degree of fatigue by the questionnaire to the people who had not evidence of illness on health examination and did not take any medicine. Results and Conclusions : This study showed a significance of positive correlation(0.464) between physical fatigue and rouleau condition of red blood cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.69
• /
• pp.148-152
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to investigate risk factors and ergonomically improve the manufacturing lines of compressors for prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, enhancement of productivity, and workers satisfaction We executed questionnaire survey, ergonomic risk factors investigation of manufacturing lines and ergonomic intervention of work methods, workplace and hand tools. The results of the questionnaire showed that $7.9\%$ of respondents were positive in WMSDs symptom survey. In ergonomic evaluation, the analysis methods such as RULA and NIOSH lifting equation were used and 28 processes in the lines were evaluated to be potentially hazardous. We ergonomically improved the processes to reduce potential WMSDs hazards : manual material handling, carts, work tables, transport methods, working posture and hand tools.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2008

Objectives We have investigated a questionnaire on syndrome differentiation pertaining to obesity. To calculate data from this questionnaire, we can simply sum up the degree of symptoms. However, this does not reflect the difference in contribution of syndrome differentiation. In order to improve the level of precision of this questionnaire, we gather the weight of each symptom from experts and apply them to overweight persons. Method Nine Experts from The Society of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research nominated weights for the symptoms. We created a program based on weight survey results and applied to 1487 overweight persons and 26 oriental medical doctors. The concordance rate between the result obtained from the oriental medical doctors and that obtained using three methods was analyzed. Results 1. The reliability of this questionnaire is very high (Cronbach' ${\alpha}$=0.963). 2. The concordance level between diagnosis by oriental medical doctors and the result of general calculation is 0.347, between diagnosis by oriental medical doctors and the result of weighted calculation by syndrome differentiation is 0.362, between diagnosis by oriental medical doctors and the result of weighted calculation by symptoms is 0.1. Conclusions Weighted calculation by syndrome differentiation is relative more appropriate among three methods studied.