• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.275-285
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• 2020

Background: In Korea, Symplocos prunifolia Siebold. & Zucc. is only found on Jeju Island. Conservation of the species is difficult because little is known about its distribution and natural habitat. The lack of research and survey data on the characteristics of native vegetation and distribution of this species means that there is insufficient information to guide the management and conservation of this species and related vegetation. Therefore, this study aims to identify the distribution and vegetation associated with S. prunifolia. Results: As a result of field investigations, it was confirmed that the native S. prunifolia communities were distributed in 4 areas located on the southern side of Mt. Halla and within the evergreen broad-leaved forest zones. Furthermore, these evergreen broad-leaved forest zones are themselves located in the warm temperate zone which are distributed along the valley sides at elevations between 318 and 461 m. S. prunifolia was only found on the south side of Mt. Halla, and mainly on south-facing slopes; however, small communities were found to be growing on northwest-facing slopes. It has been confirmed that S. prunifolia trees are rare but an important constituent species in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jeju. The mean importance percentage of S. prunifolia community was 48.84 for Castanopsis sieboldii, 17.79 for Quercus acuta, and 12.12 for Pinus thunbergii; S. prunifolia was the ninth most important species (2.6). Conclusions: S. prunifolia can be found growing along the natural streams of Jeju, where there is little anthropogenic influence and where the streams have caused soil disturbance through natural processes of erosion and deposition of sediments. Currently, the native area of S. prunifolia is about 3300 ㎡, which contains a confirmed population of 180 individual plants. As a result of these low population sizes, it places it in the category of an extremely endangered plant in Korea. In some native sites, the canopy of evergreen broad-leaved forest formed, but the frequency and coverage of species were not high. Negative factors that contributed to the low distribution of this species were factors such as lacking in shade tolerance, low fruiting rates, small native areas, and special habitats as well as requiring adequate stream disturbance. Presently, due to changes in climate, it is unclear whether this species will see an increase in its population and habitat area or whether it will remain as an endangered species within Korea. What is clear, however, is that the preservation of the present native habitats and population is extremely important if the population is to be maintained and expanded. It is also meaningful in terms of the stable conservation of biodiversity in Korea. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is judged that a systematic evaluation for the preservation and conservation of the habitat and vegetation management method of S. prunifolia should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 1991

Use impacts on environmental deteriorations of trail and campsite were studied in Chirisan National Park in 1991. The entire width, bare width and maximum depth of trail as the trail condition were significantly greater on the more heavily used trail. Trail conditions, especially altitude, entire width and maximum depth of deteriorated points which were surveyed at the total of 82 were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. On the ridge trail, the damaged are more severe than Class 4 reaches about 34,000$m^2$ and use impacts on campsite and deterioration were also accelerated. The dominant trees of the upper layer in trail edge vegetation are changed from Carpinus tschonoskii to Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora and to Quercus mongolica, Carpins laxiflora at Hwaeomsa trail, and from Quercus serrata to Quercus mongolica at Piagol trail. Also Lespedoza maximowiczii, Symplocos chinensis, Deutzia prunifolia, Weigela Subsessilis appear as the dominant lower species at Hwaeomsa trail, L. maximowiczii, S. chinensis, Stephanandra incisa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for Piagol trail.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 2017

We investigated the host preference of Ricania app. at different developmental stages to select the effective control methods. Ricania spp. at different developmental stages preferred different host plants. During the nymphal period, individuals moved to the bottom due to environmental factors such as wind and rain, rather than inhabiting trees, and fed on various plants ranging from 1 year-old herbaceous plants to shrubs. Especially, at Palbong Mt. in Gonju, Ricania spp. nymphs preferred Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa, Celastrus orbiculatus, Euonymus alatus, Kalopanax septemlobus, Aralia elata, Styrax japonicas, Rubus parvifolius, Ru. coreanus, Ru. crataegifolius, Quercus acutissima, Cornus officinalis, Lespedeza bicolor, Albizia julibrissin, L. maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Rh. indicum. At Yongbong Mt. in Hongseong, Ricania spp. adults preferred herbaceous plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Solanum nigrum, and Oenothera biennis rather than trees during the pre-oviposition stage. Subsequently, as the oviposition season began, Ricania spp. adults were rarely found in H. annuus, S. nigrum, or O. biennis and appeared to migrate to the perennial trees and shrubs hosts to lay eggs. At Palbong Mt., the main laying hosts of Ricania spp. adults were Weigela subsessilis, Ailanthus altissima, Q. aliena, Boehmeria platanifolia, Diospyros lotus, Ziziphus jujubae var. inermis, St. japonicus, Prunus mume, P. serrulata var. spontanea, Spiraea prunifolia f. simpliciflora, Ru. crataegifolius, Salix koreensis, Ru. yedoense f. poukhanense, and Co. controversa. The degree of egg laying, number of egg masses and adult Ricania spp. were significantly higher in sunlit areas than in shaded areas, in addition, the lower the altitude, the more adults were present. This study contributes toward the development of traps that can attract and control Ricania spp. and reduce the density of Ricania spp. that disturb the ecosystem.