• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.402-407
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• 2019

Background: To investigate the neurobiological evidence supporting the adaptogenic effects of Korean Red Ginseng in reducing the harmful consequences of stress using a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Method: Sixty-three subjects with high stress levels were randomized to receive an orally administered, double-blind, 6-week treatment with Korean Red Ginseng (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31). All participants underwent a comprehensive psychological evaluation using Beck Depression Inventory and Stress Response Inventory, cognitive evaluation using the continuous performance test, biological evaluation by measuring blood levels of lipids, catecholamines, inflammation markers, and heart rate variability at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: At baseline, both groups showed no significant differences in age, sex, years of education, Beck Depression Inventory, and Stress Response Inventory. After 6 weeks, triglyceride levels were significantly increased within the normal limit in the Korean Red Ginseng group (F = 4.11, p = 0.048), and the epinephrine level was decreased in this group (F = 4,35, p = 0.043). The triglyceride increase was significantly associated with epinephrine decrease (B = 0.087, p = 0.041), suggesting that Korean Red Ginseng may stabilize the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, we detected a significant group by time effect in the visually controlled continuous performance test, suggesting positive effects of Korean Red Ginseng on cognition. Conclusion: Korean Red Ginseng might help to stabilize the sympathetic nervous system and improve cognition in individuals with high stress.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권3호
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• pp.440-453
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• 2019

본 연구는 평면 숲동영상 및 VR 숲동영상 시청이 성인의 스트레스 감소에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 실험은 인공기후실에서 진행되었으며, 피험자는 40명이 참가하였다. 피험자의 스트레스를 유발한 후 2D 회색동영상, 2D 숲동영상, VR 숲동영상을 5분 동안 시청하게 하였다. 실험하는 동안 연속적으로 심박변동성을 측정하여 자율신경계 활동을 평가하였으며, 각 실험 후 설문지를 이용하여 심리 상태를 평가하였다. 생리적 측정 결과 2D 숲동영상은 2D 회색동영상보다 스트레스 지수 감소효과가 크고, HF 증가효과가 크며, 심장박동수 감소효과가 크다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한 VR 숲동영상은 2D 회색동영상 시청보다 스트레스 지수 감소효과가 크고, LF/HF 증가효과가 크며, 심장박동수 감소효과가 크다는 사실을 확인하였다. 심리적 측정 결과 피험자들은 2D 회색동영상보다 2D 숲동영상과 VR 숲동영상을 더 쾌적하고, 자연적이며, 진정된다고 느꼈다는 사실을 확인하였다. 그리고 2D 숲동영상과 VR 숲동영상이 2D 회색동영상보다 긍정적인 정서를 증가시키고 부정적인 정서를 감소시킨다는 사실을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 2D 숲동영상과 VR 숲동영상의 시청은 스트레스 상황을 벗어나 2D 회색동영상을 시청하는 것보다 더 스트레스 지수를 감소시키고, 심장박동수를 감소시키는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 2D 숲동영상은 부교감 신경계의 활동을 증가시키고 VR 숲동영상은 교감 신경계의 활동을 증가시키는 차이점이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로 VR 숲동영상의 교감 신경계의 활동 증가는 스트레스, 긴장 등의 부정적 교감신경 활성이 아닌 신기함, 호기심 등의 긍정적 교감신경 활성으로 판단된다. 이러한 연구의 결과가 산림치유의 시각적 효과에 대한 기반이 되길 기대하고, 임업분야에서 4차 산업혁명의 기술인 VR의 활용이 넓어지는 기반이 되길 기대한다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine effects of aromatherapy on the activity and balance of autonomic nervous system and on physical resistance to stress. Methods: This research is a primitive experimental design which attempts to analyze aromatherapy EKG monitoring on real-time basis. Lavender & Chamomile, each 30 drops, were blended with 100ml Sweet Almond oil. Subjects was laid relaxed, and had insides of his wrists and ankles attached with electrodes for EKG. Right after applied with essential oil onto his philtrum and parotid, started on EKG monitoring. Results: The activities of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve were changed as time elapsed, with significant differences(p=.000). In multiple comparison, the value was significantly different(p<.05).The balance of autonomic nerve was changed, becoming close to the normal level in accord with applicable international standards(1.5)(p=.011). In multiple comparison, the value showed a significant difference(p<.05). Physical resistance to stress increased with the passage of time, but not statistically significant. Conclusions: This suggests that aromatherapy can be used as a nursing intervention which aims at alleviating symptoms related to the imbalance of autonomic nerve system such as headache, hot flashes, irregular heartbeat, nervousness, depression and anxiety.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2008

Objective : We investigated the effects of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Method : We investigated the effects of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. 1 healthy volunteers consisted of 31 subjects in experiment(distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture) group and 30 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 31 subjects in experiment group were injected distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong) and 30 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong). except of 2 subjects(in control group) who can't be measured and 11 subjects(7 in experiment group and 4 in control group) who move or make unforceable error during measuring. Finally 24 subject in experiment group and 24 subject in control group are studied. We measured HRV by PolyG-I on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the paired t-test(in group) and Student t-test(between two groups) were used to verify the result. Result : 1. After distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture injection, Mean HRV is significantly low only for first 5 minute, SDNN is significantly high after 5 minute, Complexity is significantly low after 5 minute, HRV index is significantly high after 10 minute and pNN50 is significantly low after 5 minute. 2. SDNN of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 20minute to 25minute, and pNN50 of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly decreased from 10minute to 15minute and 20 minute to 30 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. 3. After distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture injection, Ln(TP), Ln(VLF) and Ln(LF) are significantly high after 5 minute, normalized LF is significantly high after 5 minute and normalized HF is significantly low after 5 minute. 4. Ln(TP) and Ln(VLF) of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 20minute to 25 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. Conclusion : The results suggest that distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man tend to activate the autonomic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system compared to Normal Saline within normal range.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 1992

마취가토에서 혈압유지에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 교감신경계, renin-angiotensin계, vasopressin계를 차단하였을때의 혈압자체의 변동과 norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (AII) 및 vasopressin (VP)의 승압효과의 변동을 조사하였다. 교감신경계와 renin-angiotensin계의 차단에는 각각 교감신경절 차단약인 chlorisondamine (CS)과 pirenzepine (PZ), angiotensin 변환효소억제약인 enalapril (ENAL)를 사용하였다. VP계의 차단에는 혈장 VP농도를 하강시킴이 알려져 있는 kappa opioid 수용체의 작용약인 bremazocine (BREM)을 사용하였다. CS (0.4mg/kg), ENAL (2mg/kg), BREM (0.25mg/kg)은 각각 비슷한 정도의 저혈압상태를 일으켰다. BREM에 의한 저혈압은 VP와 같은 효과를 가진 합성약인 desmopressin으로 유의하게 길항되었으며 BREM에 의한 저혈압이 적어도 일부 혈장 VP농도의 하강과 관계있음을 시사하였다. CS는 ENAL 또는 BREM으로 하강된 혈압을, ENAL은 CS 또는 BREM으로 하강된 혈압을, BREM은 CS 또는 ENAL로 하강된 혈압을, 더욱 하강시켰다. CS, PZ 그리고 ENAL 또는 CS, PZ 그리고 BREM에 의한 저혈압은 CS이외의 세약물에 의한 저혈압보다 심하였다. CS는 NE에 의한 승압효과 뿐만아니라 AII와 VP의 승압효과도 강화시켰다. AII의 승압효과는 또 ENAL과 BREM으로도 증대되었다. VP의 승압효과는 BREM으로도 강화되었다. ${\alpha}$-수용체의 길항약인 phentolamine과 phenoxybenzamine은 AII와 VP승압효과를 강화시켰다. 3승압계 차단이 혈압자체에 미치는 실험결과는 3계가 모두 혈압조절에 관여하고 그 중에서도 교감신경계가 가장 큰 역할을 하고 있음을 가리키고 있다. 한 승압계의 차단하에서, 그 계의 승압 hormone 뿐만아니라 다른 계의 승압 hormone의 승압효과도 증대됨은 이 3승압계가 긴밀한 상호작용을 하고 있는 증거이다.

• 한국심리학회지ㆍ건강
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.277-292
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• 2009

급성 스트레스 상황에 따른 Type D 성격의 자율신경계 반응을 심박률 변동성을 중심으로 조사하였다. Type DS-14의 점수에 근거하여 Type D 집단(n=23명)과 non-Type D 집단(n=23명)을 구성하였다. 심박률 변동성(heart rate variability, HRV)을 이용하여 기저선, 스트레스 단계 및 회복 단계 동안의 심박활동을 측정하였으며 스트레스 과제로는 Stroop 색채단어 검사가 사용되었다. 반복측정 변랑분석을 통해 두 집단의 심박활동을 비교하였으며, 회귀분석을 통해 Type D 척도와 스트레스 취약성 척도가 기저선 상태에서의 심박활동의 변화를 예측할 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, Type D 집단은 non-Type D 집단보다 고주파수(high frequency, HF) 활성화가 더 낮았고 저주파수(low frequency, LF) 활성화는 더 높았다. 스트레스 과제 수행 시, non-Type D 집단에서는 교감신경계 활성화 지표(LF component, LF/HF)가 증가하고 부교감신경계 활성화 지표(HF component)가 감소하는 것이 관찰된 반면, Type D 집단에서는 심박활동 비율상의 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, Type D 척도의 총점수, 부정적 정서 소척도와 사회적 억제 소척도는 기저선 상태에서의 심박활동 반응에 대한 유의한 예측인자로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 Type D 성격이 non-Type D 성격에 비해 교감신경계 활성화 비율이 높거나 또는 부교감신경계 활성화비율이 낮음을 시사한다. 즉, Type D가 스트레스에 취약한 성격임을 시사하며, Type D에서 관찰된 심박 활동 양상, 즉 높은 교감신경계 혹은 낮은 부교감신경계 활성화는 Type D 성격이 심장혈관 장애 등을 포함한 정신신체 질환과 관련될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1966

It has been known that the pronounced hypotension resulting from hemorrhage gives rise to compensatory stimulation of the adrenosympathetic system, which leads to an increase of liberation of catecholamines from sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. It is obvious, therefore, that numerous physiological and biochemical changes during the hemorrhagic hypotention might be mediated through the increased liberation of catecholamines. Although an extensive studies have been reported on changes of protein and carbohydrate metabolism in hemorrhagic shock a few studies on the changes of lipid metabolism have been reported. Levenson(1961) observed a marked increase of serum lipids content during hemorrhagic shock and also noticed a marked elevation of serum free fatty acids. He suggested that these effects were due to mobilization and accelerated metabolic breakdown of lipids which might be resulted by sympathetic stimulation as a cause. To elucidate the mechanism of this, author studied the change of serum free fatty acids and blood sugar with relation to catecholamines during experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock in dog. Healthy male mongrel dogs weighing approximately 15kg were used. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital, rapid hemorrhage was produced from the femoral artery maintaining blood pressure level of 40 mmHg measured by the manometer connected with the opposite femoral artery throughout the experiment. Serum free fatty acids(FFA) and blood sugar were measured by the methods of Dole(1956) and Folin-wu,(1920) respectively. Tissue catecholamine was measured by Shore and Olin method(1958) using Aminco-Bowman spectrophotofluorometer.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to find correlation between EGG and HRV parameters in dyspeptic patients. 39 patients (male 8, female 31) were enrolled. EGG and HRV was measured in all patients. EGG parameters like % of gastric slow wave and power ratio were used to classify patients as normal or abnormal EGG groups. HRV parameters which were included TP (total power), LF(low frequency density), HF (high frequency density), and LF/HF ratio were compared between them. EGG parameters were compared among normal, sympathetic hyperactivity, and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups classified by LF/HF ratio. There was no difference in HRV parameters between normal and abnormal EGG groups. Comparing EGG parameters among normal, sympathetic hyperactivity, and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups, both sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups had lower value of postprandial regularity of gastric slow wave than normal group. Abnormal value of LF/HF ratio(both sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperactivity) may be related with disturbance of electrical gastric activity in patients with dyspepsia.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.275-279
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• 1993

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a syndrome characterized by persistent, burning pain, hyperpathia, allodynia & hyperaesthesia in an extremity, with concurrent evidence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. It generally develops after nerve injury, trauma, surgery, et al. The most successful therapies are directed towards blocking the sympathetic intervention to the affected extremity by regional sympathetic ganglion block or Bier block with sympathetic blocker; other traditional treatments include transcutaneous electrical stimulation, immobilization with cast & splint, physical therapy, psychotherapy, administration of sympathetic blocker, calcitonin, corticosteroid and analgesic agents. The purpose of this report is to evaluate and describe the effects of magnetic resonance following unsatisfactory results with traditional treatments of RSD. A 17 year old female patient, 1 year earlier, had received excision and drainage of pus at the right femoral triangle due to an injury caused by a stone. Afterwards, she experienced burning pain, knee joint stiffness, and muscle dystrophy of the right thigh, especially when standing and walking. Despite a year of number of traditional treatments such as: lumbar sympathetic block, continuous epidural analgesia, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, & administration of predisolone, her pain did not improve. Surprisingly, the patients was able to walk free from pain and difficulty after just one application of magnetic resonance. The patient has been successfully treated with further treatment of two to three times a week for approximately ten weeks. More recently, magnetic resonance has been demonstrated to produce effective results for the relief of pain in a variety of diseases. From our experiences we recognize magnetic resonance as a therapeutic modality which can provide excellent results for the treatment of RSD. It has been suggested that polysynaptic reflex which are disturbed in RSD may be modulated normally on the spinal cord level through the application of magnetic resonance.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권1호통권19호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2007

Background : Recently a discussion about Qi including a study about the effect or the theory of acupuncture is getting prevailing in various angles. In most of studies about acupuncture stimulus, 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) is used. A study about Nine kinds of acupuncture(九鍼), except 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) has not been reported yet, and there is no study about using a special acupuncture made for controling Qi either. Objectives : 'DONG CHU CHIM' can be used for patients who are scared of a pain because it is a medical Qikong tool and non-invasive stimulus one. To assess a effect of Qikong operation using 'DONG CHU CHIM' objectively, we stimulated non-invasive to Sobu point of 30 normal adults using 'DONG CHU CHIM' and examined the result in the basis of high confirmed and repetitive HRV which is a functional assessment method of the autonomic nervous system. Method : This study has been proceeded in three periods. Total was 35min : 10min for the former and latter period of acupuncture stimulus, l5min for the acupuncture stimulus period. For each period, we measured 5min of 3 times(Stage I, II, III). Result : Comparing the changes of HRV during pre-stimulation and post-stimulation, HRT was significantly reduced, LOGTP, LOGVLF, LOGLF, LF/HF were significantly increased and SDNN, LOGHF were generally increased but did not show any significant changes. So we think that the stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' affects on the sympathetic system and parasympathetic system, it activates the autonomic nervous system, and it makes the inequality of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve to be equal status. Conclusions : We can conclude that the non-invasive stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' can affect significantly to the autonomic nervous system. So it can be used in clinic as a tool of Qikong operation, and it can be also used to weak patients or children because it doesn't give a lot of pain like 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) compared to invasive stimulus. By the basis of this study, more studies about the effect of 'DONG CHE CHIM' should be done in the future.