• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2005

To produce deep, entertaining mobile content, a large number of images must be included. But because of the limits on runtime memory for mobile phones, images cannot be used as easily in a mobile environment as they are in a computer. Therefore in this paper, I propose several different methods for efficiently using images in a mobile environment. The various methods I propose for using images are: Creating images using compression/decompression and rotation/symmetry Creating images of several different colors by changing the palette index of a bitmap Creating images through image combination Creating background images by using tile maps Creating new images through effects.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study determined the best adjustable height supporter for stroke patients in wheelchairs for the maintenance of a symmetric sitting posture. Methods: Thirty-one stroke participants and 20 age-matched control participants were recruited. The enrolled participants were evaluated by the Force Sensitive Application (FSA) System that was used to assess weight shift and symmetry in wheelchair sitting and assess the symmetric index (SI) of subjects according to 1, 2 and 3 cm height supporters. Results: When a 1 cm height supporter was applied to the paretic side of stroke survivors, sitting postures of stroke patients were significantly more symmetrical (p<0.01). Cross tabulation between the SI of wheelchair sitting and that of the paretic side of stroke patients caused? by a 1 cm supporter showed that 21 SIs of 26 stroke patients were improved by a 1 cm supporter to the paretic side (k=0.26, p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrate that stroke patients can maintain a more symmetrical sitting posture (than is possible when simply sitting in a wheelchair seat) if a 1 cm supporter is applied to the paretic side of stroke patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.42
• /
• pp.2.1-2.6
• /
• 2020

Background: Facial palsy treatment comprises static and dynamic techniques. Among dynamic techniques, local temporalis transposition represents a reliable solution to achieve facial reanimation. The present study describes a modification of the temporalis tendon transfer using a cryopreserved fascia allograft. Case presentation: Between March 2015 and September 2018, seven patients with facial palsy underwent facial reanimation with temporalis tendon transfer and fascia lata allograft. Patients with long-term palsy were considered, and both physical and social functions were evaluated. The mean follow-up time was 21.5 months. No immediate complications were observed. Patients reported improvement in facial symmetry both in static and dynamic. Improvement was noticed also in articulation, eating, drinking, and saliva control. The Facial Disability Index revealed an improvement both in physical function subscale and in the social/well-being function subscale. Conclusions: This modified orthodromic technique allows to reduce the operative time and the risk of complications connected to the use of autologous tissues. The use of the cryopreserved fascia allografts from cadaveric donors seems to provide promising and long-standing results in the treatment of facial palsy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.68 no.6
• /
• pp.721-733
• /
• 2018

The modal frequency responses of functionally graded (FG) sandwich doubly curved shell panels are investigated using a higher-order finite element formulation. The system of equations of the panel structure derived using Hamilton's principle for the evaluation of natural frequencies. The present shell panel model is discretised using the isoparametric Lagrangian element (nine nodes and nine degrees of freedom per node). An in-house MATLAB code is prepared using higher-order kinematics in association with the finite element scheme for the calculation of modal values. The stability of the opted numerical vibration frequency solutions for the various shell geometries i.e., single and doubly curved FG sandwich structure are proven via the convergence test. Further, close conformance of the finite element frequency solutions for the FG sandwich structures is found when compared with the published theoretical predictions (numerical, analytical and 3D elasticity solutions). Subsequently, appropriate numerical examples are solved pertaining to various design factors (curvature ratio, core-face thickness ratio, aspect ratio, support conditions, power-law index and sandwich symmetry type) those have the significant influence on the free vibration modal data of the FG sandwich curved structure.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to find out the compensation strategy through kinetic gait analysis by comparing dog with congenital luxation of the shoulder joint and normal dog. Ground reaction forces were recorded for all limbs while normal poodle dog and poodle dog with shoulder joint luxation was allowed to walk on an instrumented platform. The dogs were evaluated for maximal vertical force (MVF), body load distribution (BLD), and symmetry index (SI). The MVF was increased in the contralateral forelimb of luxated shoulder joint. The SI was also increased in a dog with dislocated shoulder joints in the forelimbs. For BLD, the maximum load distribution increased centrally, but the total load distribution decreased in the ipsilateral forelimb paw. In contrast, total load distribution was increased in the contralateral forelimb paw. During forelimb lameness, changes in weight-bearing load showed compensatory load redistribution. These biomechanical changes may lead to changes in the musculoskeletal system in a dog with luxated shoulder.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 2004

Analysis methods of artificial sweeteners, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharin, and sucralose isolated from foods were developed using high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC conditions for aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sodium saccharin were: column, Symmetry $C_{18}(3.9mm\;i.d{\times}150mm,\;5{\mu}m)$; mobile phase, 0.05M sodium phosphate monobasic : acetonitrile (9 : 1, pH 3.5, containing 0.01M tetrapropylammonium hydroxide); detector, UV detector at 210 nm. HPLC condition for sucralose were : column, Symmetry $C_{18}(3.9mm\;i.d{\times}150mm,\;5{\mu}m)$; mobile phase, water:methanol (7 : 3); detector, refractive index detection (sensitivity = 16). Recoveries of artificial sweeteners in foods including soft drinks, fruit and vegetable beverages, alcoholic beverages, fermented milk beverages, soybean milk, ice cream, snacks, chewing gums, jam, honey, kimchi salted food, special dietary products, processed fish products, candies, food additive mixtures, chocolate and cocoa were 76.1-101.3%, 82.3-103.2%, 83.1-103.7%, and 80,6-99.5% for aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharin, and sucralose, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.830-835
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the substitution of flour with young-barley-leaf powder on the quality characteristics of yellow layer cake. The physical properties of the cakes (i.e., viscosity, specific gravity, specific volume, cake index, and color) were measured, and the changes in hardness during the three-day storage at $22^{\circ}C$ were measured. Sensory evaluation was done with five-scale acceptance test. Both the viscosity and specific gravity of the batter were significantly influenced by the substitution. Nonetheless, no significant difference was shown in the specific volumes of the cakes. The volume indices of the cakes containing young-barley-leaf powder were higher than those of the control. The lightness, redness, and yellowness values of the crusts decreased with the addition of young-barley-leaf powder. While the lightness values of the crumbs decreased, the redness and yellowness values increased. The substitution of more than 6% flour with young-barley-leaf powder kept the hardness of the cakes lower than that of the control during the three-day storage. The cakes containing 2, 4, and 6% young-barely-leaf powder showed no significant differences from the control in the acceptance test, except in the crumb color.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2001

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the cosmetic outcome of conservative treatment for early breast cancer and to analyze the factors influencing cosmetic outcome. Materials and Methods : From February 1992 through January 1997, 120 patients with early breast cancer were treated with conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The types of conservative surgery were quadrantectomy and axillary node dissection for 108 patients $(90\%)$ and lumpectomy or excisional biopsy for 10 patients $(8.3\%)$. Forty six patients $(38\%)$ received adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF or CAF). Cosmetic result evaluation was carried out between 16 and 74 months (median, 33 months) after surgery. The cosmetic results were classified into four categories, i.e., excellent, good, fair, and poor. The appearances of the patients' breasts were also analyzed for symmetry using the differences in distances from the sternal notch to right and left nipples. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables influencing the cosmetic outcome. Results : Cosmetic score was excellent or good in $76\%$ (91/120), fair in $19\%$ (23/120) and poor in $5\%$ (6/120) of the patients. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size (T1 versus T2) (p=0.04), axillary node status (N0 versus N1) (p=0.0002), extent of surgery (quadrantectomy versus lumpectomy or excisional biopsy) (p=0.02), axillary node irradiation (p=0.0005) and chemotherapy (p=0.0001) affected cosmetic score. Multivariate analysis revealed that extent of surgery (p=0.04) and chemotherapy (p=0.0002) were significant factors. For breast symmetry, univariate analysis confirmed exactly the same factors as above. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (p=0.003) and lymph node status (p=0.007) affected breast symmetry. Conclusion : Conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy resulted in excellent or good cosmetic outcome in a large portion of the patients. Better cosmetic results were achieved generally in the group of patients with smaller tumor size, without axillary node metastasis and treated with less extensive surgery without chemotherapy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.851-860
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Reduction by simply assembling bones is recognized as treatment for a zygoma fracture. However, in patients who originally had a protruding zygoma, the fractured parts look like malarplasty after the edema subsides, giving a soft impression which patients notice. Thus, we created symmetry through simultaneous contralateral malar reduction in a unilateral zygoma fracture. Methods: In this study, the patients who had surgery between July, 2008 and December, 2009 with admission were object. In 76 patients with a zygoma fracture, the patients with bilateral zygoma fractures were excluded. Among 48 patients who had a reduction only after a unilateral zygoma fracture, the patients hoping for a reduction of their rough protruding zygoma were analyzed with front cephalometry. The study progressed on 22 patients who had simultaneous contralateral malar reduction in a unilateral zygoma fracture with consent. After fixing the fracture, we did a straight zygoma osteotomy through a 1.5 cm intraoral incision. After that, we created symmetry with a special ruler and fixed the broken zygomatic arch with a screw and plate. We evaluated the facial index and satisfaction with a statistical analysis before and after the surgery. Results: In 22 patients, there was no reoperation except for 1 patient who had a zygoma fracture. None of the patients were treated for infection or hematoma. Two patients complained of paresthesia after the malar reduction operation, but this subsided in 4 months. Most of them were satisfied with the malar reduction, especially the women, and we obtained a better mid facial contour with decreased facial width ($p$ <0.05). Conclusion: Existing zygoma fracture surgery focuses on anatomical reduction. However, we need to have a cosmetic viewpoint in fractures as interests of face contour arise. Thus, contralateral malar reduction got a 4.7 (range 0~5) from patients who had malar reduction surgery in our hospital. Although adjusting to all zygoma fractures has limitations, it can be a new method in zygoma fractures when there are limited indications of protruding zygoma and careful attention is given to patients' high demands.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the ring lock type knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) with newly developed 4-bar linkage KAFO on the gait characteristics of persons with poliomyelitis clinically. This 4-bar linkage is the stance control type KAFO which provide the stability during stance phase and knee flexion during swing phase. Two subjects participated in this study voluntarily. We provided the customized 4-bar linkage KAFO then asked the subjects to walk in level surface and stairs under the two different KAFO conditions. The characteristics of gait in the persons with poliomyelitis were evaluated using a 3D motion analysis system and force plate. Additionally 6 minute walk test for physiological cost index were conducted using pulse oximeter to measure the energy consumption. In the results of this study, the differences of 4-bar linkage KAFO compared with ring lock type KAFO are as follows: (1) Walking speed, stride length, and step length on level increased in subjects, (2) The gait symmetry was improved by generated knee flexion and decreased pelvic external rotation on level and stairs walking, (3) Decreased vertical excursion of center of mass and pelvic elevation during swing phase was decreased on level, (4) Knee extension moment, hip flexion moment, hip and knee internal rotation moment of non-braced limb were decreased on level walking, (5) Walking speed in 6-minute walk test was increased and physiological cost index was decreased. These findings indicate that 4-bar linkage KAFO compared with ring lock type KAFO is effective in enhancing pattern, endurance, and energy consumption in level surface and stairs walking.