• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.463-466
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• 2009

A swine farm located in the Kyungpook province (designated as farm D that have been suffering from PED for several years was selected to study the etiology and the outbreak pattern of PED by clinical and laboratory examinations. Clinical examination indicated that sows exhibited signs of mastitis resulting in an inadequate transfer of lactogenic immunity against PEDV to newborn piglets. Furthermore, serological tests revealed that all sow groups and their piglets had low levels of anti-PEDV antibody. These data suggest that improper vaccination program has been indeed performed in this farm. Remarkably, despite no symptoms of PED in weaners, the presence of PEDV was identified by RT-PCR from fecal samples of weaning piglets, indicating persistent PEDV circulation in the herd. Based on these results, the following basic control schemes were executed for the control of PEDV circulation in the farm; a) A quick removal of affected pigs and disinfection of affected sheds. b) restructuring of vaccination program and employment of consultant. c) prompt treatment of mastitis and removal of poor lactogenic sows, and d) enhancement of biosecurity of farrowing house by acquisition of additional space. We evaluated risk factors and implementation of control measures in two months and were unable to found any case related to PEDV infection. Taken together, our data indicate that the method described above is effective for the control of PED outbreak in farm persistently suffering from PEDV infection.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.406-412
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• 2008

Biogas plant with anaerobic digestion is receiving high attention as a facility for both livestock waste treatment and electric power generation. Objective of this study was to perform life cycle assessment (LCA) of a biogas plant which incorporates swine and food waste (7:3) as source materials for biogas production. In addition, the biogas production process was compared with the prevalent composting method as a reference in the aspects of green house gas (GHG) reduction potential and environmental impact. The biogas method was capable of reducing 52 kg $CO_2$ eq. emission per ton of swine/food waste, but the composting process was estimated to emit 268 kg $CO_2$ eq. into air. The biogas method was evaluated as more beneficial to the environment by mitigating the impact on abiotic depletion potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), eutrophication potential (EP), and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), but not to acidification potential (AP).

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of climate on indoor environment of a swine house with natural. This study was tested in the beef swine stall at Young-in, Kyung-ki do. The test was experimented for the effect of interior environment by the outdoor environment and the interior-pan. The results are as follows. 1. In test 1 ($T_{out}$ : $25.7^{\circ}C$, without fan), an indoor air flow pattern was showed that entered from sidewall winch-curtain to went out of a indoor by the ridge winch-curtain. And the velocity of a section of the center was measured two times as large as the velocity of the floor. It is the acceleration of the velocity by thermal buoyancy. And, the entered air was rapidly dissipated by flow energy. So that in the swain livestock with sidewall winch-curtain is effected by thermal buoyancy. And the air temperature of the indoor was distributed more higher as compared with the outdoor temperature. This result is caused by the sensible heat from swine and the ventilation is restricted. 2. In test 2 (($T_{out}$ : $25.7^{\circ}C$, with fan), the velocity of a section of the center was measured more higher as compared with the test 1. And the variance of air velocity was distributed higher as compared with the test 1. This result is showed dead region of air flow with a fan operation. And, the variance of gas density was distributed lower as compared with the test 1.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.102-113
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the expandibility of sludge treatment by earthworm through real scale experiment and the optimum counter-plan for organic sludge treatment. For the purposes, sludge removal efficienciesof night-soil using earthworm and it's behavior according to the transplanting methods of the earthworm on non-cover worm bed or in the green house worm bed were compared. Sludge uptake rates on non-cover worm bed for 6 months were $0.27{\sim}0.33ton/m^2$ and the excrement of earthworm yields $0.15ton/m^2$(44.1~46.7% of raw night soil sludge dosage). These results were not much different from the worm bed in the green house. The average and maximum earthworm density were about $6.5kg/m^2$ and $7kg/m^2$ respectively on the non-cover worm bed. The density of the worm bed was comparatively higher in spring and fall terms but lower in summer. The amount of old earthworm was much plenty than young earthworm on the non-cover worm bed, resulting in reverse distribution type of pyramid. From the experiments on non-cover worm bed(7,000 pyeong)and in the green house worm bed(1,200 pyeong), it was concluded that landfill and transporting cost could be reduced when the earthworm was applied for the night-soil sludge treatment. Profits from the excrement sale of earthworm was 9,600,000 won. Through this study, it was founded that earthworm treatment method for organic sludge are much more environmentally sound than landfill treatment.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2007

Management of odors is essential to swine industry in the Republic of Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the odor removal efficiency of biofilter ducting systems. Rice straw and auto clave concrete(ALC) were used as filter medium. The ventilation fans(5 units, diameter: 500 mm) at the side wall of a growing pig housing were connected to a biofilter using a duct. The size of a biofilter is $2.5{\times}2{\times}1.2(W{\times}L{\times}H)$. The air velocities at the 300 mm above rice straw and ALC were 0.77 and 0.56 m/s, respectively. Ammonia concentration at the outlet of rice straw and ALC media were 2 and 3 ppm, respectively. Dust concentrations were also measured. The dust concentrations of rice straw and ALC were 93, $32\;mg/m^3$, respectively. There was no significant difference between filter mediums in terms of carbon dioxide concentrations(rice straw: 320, ALC: 270 mg/l). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was stable over the experimentation. The actual concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were 4, 3 and 3 ppm at the days of 7, 21 and 36, respectively. These results suggest that biofilter ducting systems may remove odors from pig house effectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

The experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal air velocity for improving the ventilation efficiency of duct ventilation system used in Korean swine building. The results are followed ; In 2.2 m height of duct, the air velocity of hole was 5.0 m/s as the over level of recommendation. In different hole interval, the air velocity was various of 4.6${\sim}$11.6 m/s in narrow hole interval, 5.4${\sim}$10.9 m/s in broad hole interval. But the air velocity was 6.6${\sim}$7.7 m/s in duct system pierced hole with equal interval, and it was equal velocity in different parts of duct in this hole interval.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

This studies were carried out to investigate the rearing managements of pig farms and survey on pneumonia of the slaughtered pigs from 5 selected herds located in Jangsu, Jeonbuk. Isolated aerobic microorganisms from pneumonic lung were examined antibiotic susceptibility and tested serological antibody titers of the herd base. Prevalence rate of pneumonia were examined according to rearing and health management conditions of pig farms. Prevalence rate of pneumonia were detected in 78.8% and enzotic pneumonia. In 47.7%, pleuropneurnonia in 31.1%. In serological antibody titers showed the positive reaction with 54.4% in Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia serotype 5, 44.8% in Pasteurella multocida, 36.8% in A pleuropneurnonia serotype 2, 13.6% in Mycoplasmal pneumonia. Isolated aerobic microorganisms were examined antibiotic susceptibility and showed the high activity in gentamicin (58.3%), enrofloxacin (53.3%), norfloxacin (51.6%), cephalothin (41.7%) and low activity in amoxycillin (98.3%), oxytetracycline (98.3%), penicillin G (90.0 %), tetracycline (88.4%), ampicillin (88.3%). Farm managements were deficient effect of humidity in swine house but ammonia gas all appeared the 10 ppm that were recommendation density, below.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.275-278
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• 2006

A 7-month-old brown pig with a discoid and pedunculate mass measuring $14.0{\times}12.5{\times}2.5cm$ on the skin of the right shoulder was noted at the slaughter house in Jeju. The surface of mass approximately $7{\times}4cm$ was interfaced with skin. The color of mass with firm consistency was mainly black and partially white on cut surface. Histopathologically, numerous unencapsulated endocrine-like cellular nodules of epithelioid cell type with abundant intracytoplasmic black pigment, melanin, were occupied in dermis and subcutis. Most of nodules in deep dermis were surrounded by lightly pigmented spindle cells and loose fibrous tissues. Mitotic figures were infrequently observed. The overlying epidermis was hyperplastic due to the down-growth of rete peg. Based on the gross and histopathologic findings, this case was diagnosed as cutaneous melanoma. In our best knowledge, this is the first case of swine cutaneous melanoma in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

To ensure the safety of domestic livestock products, the government made it obligatory to enforce the hazard analysis critical control point(HACCP) in all domestic slaughterhouses. Under the HACCP, most of the hazards generated in slaughterhouses are bio-hazards, especially pathogenic bacteria. In order to reduce to the pathogenic bacteria, critical control point (CCP) is established and controled in the process of slaughter. A study was carried out to measure the level of bacterial contamination of swine carcass in 6 slaughterhouses selected. As a result, the aerobic plate counts(cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of all samples was $10^2$-10 in average, except slaughterhouse C. The level of the aerobic plate counts on the surface of lower loin in slaughterhouse C was $10^4$ and it was considered that slaughterhouse C should set the process of manual transport of carcass as the CCP. Escherichia coli level was the highest in middle line cut surface. Especially, E coli level of slaughterhouses C and D were about 6.5- and 3.0-fold higher than that of other 4 slaughterhouses. Thus, it was considered that the slaughterhouses C and D should set the process of the entrails treatment as the CCP. The air contamination was measured at two point in a slaughterhouse. The air contamination level was 4-13 times higher than that of the standard Japanese slaughterhouses.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.615-622
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the odor reduction efficacy of the dip injection wet scrubber (DIWS) using tap water as washing fluid. The $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ removal efficiency of 7 day batch operated DIWS was evaluated twice over a total of 14 days of experiment. The $NH_3$ removal efficiency ranged from 26 to 37%. The $H_2S$ removal efficiency was between 22 and 30%. The pH of the washing fluid maintained below 8 and the $NH_4{^+}$ concentration tended to keep constant around 350 ppm after 5 days of washing-fluid replacement. Therefore, the 5-day washing fluid replacement interval is more preferable than the 7-day interval. The $NH_4{^+}$ concentration and the electrical conductivity (EC) showed a high correlation. The EC measurement can be used as an alternative to conventional $NH_4{^+}$ concentration measurement method for real time monitoring of washing fluid condition.