• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the effect of temperatures, 24"C, 28$^{\circ}$C and 32"C,and food sources on pupal development, adult longevity and oviposition of tobacco cutworm, Spodopteralitura Fabricius. Percent pupation of S. litura was became higher at higher temperature from 23% to 88%.And its percent pupation was highest on soybean leaf (SL), followed by perilla leaf (PL), sweet potato leaf(SPL) and artificial diet (AD). Pupal weight ranged from 0.28g on SPL to 0.40 g on PL and was tended toheavier with decreasing temperature. The mean pupal duration was 14, 10 and 7 days at 24"C, 28$^{\circ}$C and32"C, respectively. Percent emergence was in range of 21% to 89% with higher percent emergence as thetemperature increased and both 28$^{\circ}$C and 24$^{\circ}$C was highest on SL, followed by PL, SPL and AD, but at24$^{\circ}$C the order was SPL, PL, SL and then AD. Preoviposition duration was 3.2 days at 24"C, 2.8 days at28$^{\circ}$C and 2.5 days at 32$^{\circ}$C. Adult longevity became shorter as the temperature increased from 6.4 to 3.9days. Male longevity was longer than that of female. Adults lived longest when they were reared on PL,followed by SL, SPL and AD. Total number of eggs laid per female varied from 803 to 1,441 regardlessof the treatments, but those were significantly more on natural foods than on AD. Number of eggs per eggmass was 97.4 at 24$^{\circ}$C 155.8 at 28$^{\circ}$C and 104.7 at 32$^{\circ}$C. Number of egg mass was 12.0, 6.7 and 11.3 at24"C, 28$^{\circ}$C and 32"C, respectively.4"C, 28$^{\circ}$C and 32"C, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2015

To analysis of virus free sweetpotato effect, 5 virus free sweetpotato and virus normal sweetpotato varieties were planted in 5 different regions at 2010 year. The average yields of virus free sweetpotato are showed different results according to regions. Sinjami which cultivated at Iksan were increased maximum 68% compare to normal. However, Sinjami which cultivated in Hamyang were decreased yield 11% compare to normal. Analysis of tuber formation ratio of Sinjami, Yenhwangmi, Singeonmi which cultivated in Nonsan were decreased tuber number compare to normal. However, 3 varieties were all increased on Average storage root weight and yield of marketable storage root. In the results of analysis of marketable storage root according to cultivated regions and varieties, all varieties except Sinjami which cultivated in Hamyang were increased yield. Also, quality of virus free sweetpotato were enhanced 7 to 9 compare to virus infected sweet potato which showing average 3. Contents of starch between virus free and virus infected sweetpotato were not affected by virus. Virus free sweetpotato were more increased starch products according to increased total production yield. Also, $Brix^{\circ}$(%) was not showing difference between virus free and virus infected sweetpotatoes. In this experiment, Virus free sweetpotato are enhanced production yields and quality. Therefore, we suggested that virus free sweetpotato is one of the methods to reduce damage by sweetpotato virus.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.103-134
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• 1977

The physiological and biochemical role of potassium for upland crops according to recent research reports and the nutritional status of potassium in Korea were reviewed. Since physical and chemical characteristics of potassium ion are different from those of sodium, potassium can not completely be replaced by sodium and replacement must be limited to minimum possible functional area. Specific roles of potassium seem to keep fine structure of biological membranes such as thylacoid membrane of chloroplast in the most efficient form and to be allosteric effector and conformation controller of various enzymes principally in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Potassium is essential to improve the efficiency of phoro- and oxidative- phosphorylation and involve deeply in all energy required metabolisms especially synthesis of organic matter and their translocation. Potassium has many important, physiological functions such as maintenance of osmotic pressure and optimum hydration of cell colloids, consequently uptake and translocation of water resulting in higher water use efficiency and of better subcellular environment for various physiological and biochemical activities. Potassium affects uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients and quality of products. potassium itself in products may become a quality criteria due to potassium essentiality for human beings. Potassium uptake is greatly decreased by low temperature and controlled by unknown feed back mechanism of potassium in plants. Thus the luxury absorption should be reconsidered. Total potassium content of upland soil in Korea is about 3% but the exchangeable one is about 0.3 me/100g soil. All upland crops require much potassium probably due to freezing and cold weather and also due to wet damage and drought caused by uneven rainfall pattern. In barley, potassium should be high at just before freezing and just after thawing and move into grain from heading for higher yield. Use efficiency of potassium was 27% for barley and 58% in old uplands, 46% in newly opened hilly lands for soybean. Soybean plant showed potassium deficiency symptom in various fields especially in newly opened hilly lands. Potassium criteria for normal growth appear 2% $K_2O$ and 1.0 K/(Ca+Mg) (content ratio) at flower bud initiation stage for soybean. Potassium requirement in plant was high in carrot, egg plant, chinese cabbage, red pepper, raddish and tomato. Potassium content in leaves was significantly correlated with yield in chinese cabbage. Sweet potato. greatly absorbed potassium subsequently affected potassium nutrition of the following crop. In the case of potassium deficiency, root showed the greatest difference in potassium content from that of normal indicating that deficiency damages root first. Potatoes and corn showed much higher potassium content in comparison with calcium and magnesium. Forage crops from ranges showed relatively high potassium content which was significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium content. Percentage of orchards (apple, pear, peach, grape, and orange) insufficient in potassium ranged from 16 to 25. The leaves and soils from the good apple and pear orchards showed higher potassium content than those from the poor ones. Critical ratio of $K_2O/(CaO+MgO)$ in mulberry leaves to escape from winter death of branch tip was 0.95. In the multiple croping system, exchangeable potassium in soils after one crop was affected by the previous crops and potassium uptake seemed to be related with soil organic matter providing soil moisture and aeration. Thus, the long term and quantitative investigation of various forms of potassium including total one are needed in relation to soil, weather and croping system. Potassium uptake and efficiency may be increased by topdressing, deep placement, slow-releasing or granular fertilizer application with the consideration of rainfall pattern. In all researches for nutritional explanation including potassium of crop yield reasonable and practicable nutritional indices will most easily be obtained through multifactor analysis.