• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.344-352
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• 2016

In this paper, we conducted an empirical study on the economic value of Palutungan Resort, Gunung Ciremai National Park (Indonesia), using an individual travel cost method. Gunung Ciremai is the highest mountain in West Java Province which has high biodiversity and constitutes the home range of the endangered species, Nisaetus bartelsi and leopards. Using the individual travel cost method, we estimated the annual consumer surplus of ecotourism for Palutungan Resort to be approximately $19, while its total economic value was $0.23 million. However, Palutungan Resort does not benefit exclusively, because the total economic value is divided diversely among the central government (non-tax revenue), local government (taxes), and local communities, while the transportation agencies, retailers, and gas station companies also reap some valuable benefits. In regard to the benefit allocation, all of the associated parties should participate in the conservation and preservation of natural resources in Palutungan Resort to improve the ecotourism services.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 2020

This paper presents the results of a monodirectional shaking table test on a full-scale unreinforced masonry cross vault characterized by asymmetric boundary conditions. The specimen represents a vault of the mosque of Dey in Algiers (Algeria), reproducing in detail the mechanical characteristics of masonry, and the constructive details including the presence of some peculiar wooden logs placed within the vault's abutments. The vault was tested with and without the presence of two steel bars which connect two opposite sides of the vault. The dynamic behaviour of both the vault's configurations were studied by using an incremental dynamic analysis up to the collapse of the vault without the steel bars. The use of an innovative high-resolution 3D optical system allowed measure displacement data of the cross vault during the shake table tests. The experimental results were analysed in terms of evolution of damage mechanisms, and in-plane and out-of-plane deformations. Moreover, the dynamic properties of the structure were investigated by means of an experimental modal analysis.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

Purpose: This study seeks to establish the environmental damage theory applicable to Kenya. The analysis is based on annual data drawn from World Bank on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) for Kenya spanning 1963 to 2017. Research Methodology: The study adopts explanatory research design and autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis. Results: The results revealed a coefficient of -0.017 for GDPPC and 0.004 for GDPPC squared indicating that economic growth has negative effect on CO2e in the initial stages of growth but positive effect in the high growth regime with the marginal effect being higher in the initial growth regime. The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship consistent with Brundtland Curve Hypothesis (BCH). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for sustainable development path that enables present generations to meet own needs without compromising the capacity of future generations to meet their own. Sustainable development may include, investment in renewable energies like wind, solar and adoption of energy efficient technologies in production and manufacturing. The study concludes that BCH is applicable to Kenya and that developing affordable and effective mechanisms to boost sustainable development implementation is necessary to decrease the anthropogenic impact in the environment without any attendant reduction in the economic growth.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2011

The role of teachers has been explicitly emphasized to implement the vision of sustainable development(SD). Also, it is very important to understand the way student teachers understand SD and how they interpret their own professional task in terms of SD, usually referred to as education for sustainable development(ESD). This study investigated student teachers' perceptions of SD and ESD using group interview. Key findings include, first, that they think SD as development which does not exceed the limits of natural environment, and as wise management of resources/protection of environment for future generations. They also think SD as good thing though they don't understand the contested nature of SD. Second they think ESD as education about SD, but some student teachers say they can't explain ESD. Many student teachers prefer field trip to local examples for both elementary school students and themselves. Also they will teach only what the textbook says about SD and ESD during their school placement and as teachers. So it will be the beginning of ESD in school to include SD in the curriculum for students and student teachers. It is suggested to study student teachers' perception of SD focussing on how they think the relationship between protection of environment and economic growth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2001

The author has analyzed the ecological problems caused by city development and the comprehensive benefits of green space(e.g. ecological, social and economic benefits). The important role of green space in city sustainable development was discussed. Through benefits analysis of green space in city development in Kunming City, the author offered specific measures for green space protection in Kunming: strengthen plant management according to law; enhance nation awareness of plant protection; rationally plan city green land system;and use scientific forms of green land.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.318-326
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• 2007

This research aims to investigate into Official Development Assistance (ODA), which may be regarded as assistance or aid to increase competitiveness in the overseas construction field through presenting, in the initial step of construction projects, schemes to secure financial resources to those who place orders. In this research, the present author analyzes ODA of advanced countries and S.Korea and distributes and collects questionnaires to experts in related fields in order to investigate into the current state and problems of overseas construction and ODA.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-59
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• 2009

The drive for sustainable economic growth for the sub Saharan African region continues to occupy a central place in the debate of how to move the region forward. For decades, governments, policy makers, Non Governmental Organizations and world bodies including the World Bank, IMF, ADB, USIAD and the European Union have engaged policies aimed at bringing solutions to the horrendous poverty crisis to nations of this region. Despite these noble actions and intents, poverty and underdevelopment has prevailed in countries of the region such as Cameroon. Cameroon is mainly an agricultural economy with its products facing declining prices and competition from synthetic substitutes resulting to deficits of balance of trades. This has resulted to borrowing and debt. At the same time, it is a country blessed with an abundance of tourist resources. From the literature review, tourism potency to economic growth is overwhelming. This research was motivated by the quest to find answers to questions such as; why development policies during the last two decades not succeeded in achieving Economic growth in countries of this region particularly Cameroon and why the country/ region still beleaguered by poverty and debt despite haven implemented various economic development plans. In recent years, the role of tourism has become increasingly recognized in its role of economic growth and poverty alleviation. This study attempts to unveil tourism's contribution to economic growth and to push for Tourism development as an al ternative economic growth alternative to Cameroon. Previous economic policies have ignored to tie economic growth within the country's socio-economic, geo-political and environmental circumstances. Findings from this work suggest that any sound economic policy can not afford to ignore the country's stock of both human and fiscal capital. Findings presented herewith validate Tourism as a feasible indigenous economic growth alternative that helps bringing employment, capital investment and protect the environmental ruin.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to suggest a strategy of creating sustainable city's streets by extracting a elements related the task related with society, economic, and environment. The method of this study is as follows. First step, we extract main task for developing sustainable settlements through studying literature review. Second step, based on the task for sustainable settlements, we generate various elements for developing sustainable street environments. Third step, we carry out a survey targeting experts related to field of urban environment. Fourth step, we analyze their priority about developing elements and the difference between groups. Last step, through correlation analysis between three task and elements for developing sustainable streets, we discuss the specific application around developing elements. The result of this study is as follows. Firstly, from a social point of view, the task related to connecting of historical and cultural characteristic is the most important thing. In a environmental view, it illustrates that application of technologies based on IT is more important than use of sustainable land. In a economic paint of view, it presents that the elements of city security & disasters are important.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2005

Recently, all organizations are experiencing a newly changed standard for their competitiveness. One of the elements in the standard is the sustainable reputation or responsibility. Thus excellent corporations have reinforced not only economic prosperity but also environmental and social responsibilities, which results in the appearance of sustainable reputation or responsibility management. At this point, this paper have nominated assessment factors which will contribute to the sustainable reputation competitiveness in Incheon International Airport Corporation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.73-84
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information about the study of model development of sustainable housing area. This study identified the concept of sustainable development and the principles of the Habitat AgendaII. In the context, the 10 items of it were used to constitute the case study framework. This study found the planning characteristics through the case study of sustainable housing areas m Korea. The case for the study were 91 cases of Livable City Making of government and 43 cases of Urban Village Making of citizen group. And this study searched the missing point in the sustainable development concept of the practice cases. The research findings are as follows. First, the most practice cases had the aim of rehabilitation of the village functions. Second, in the cases of Livable City Making, residents practiced the rule as a participant for changing of their village. Third, in the cases of Urban Village Making, the scale were smaller than government's cases, but they tried the residents' health and welfare. Fourth, many cases applied the concept of sustainable development; environmental, social-cultural and economic sustainability, but some cases missed several principles of the Habitat Agenda.