• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.27-51
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• 2009

This study looked for ways to carry out development projects in a sustainable manner by generating improvement plans, and focused on reviewing the status and problems associated with the environmental and ecological planning that is currently applied to new town and large-scale development projects. Improved methods were suggested based on differences between urban development and housing development projects. Based on principles set for the introduction of environmental and ecological planning, the size of the projects subject to environmental and ecological planning was set. With regard to the procedural improvements for environmental and ecological planning, nine problems were singled out from the development planning phases. Solutions were suggested by separating the problems into the site and district designation phase, development planning phase, implementation planning phase, and post-management phase based on a literature review and the opinion of experts. In consideration of improvements to the planning system, the scope of environmental and ecological planning was set after looking at information related to environmental and ecological planning, literature review, expert interviews, and the relevance of related plans. The scope of the environmental and ecological planning was divided into the overview of planning, environmental and ecological conception, conception of spatial structure and framework, and urban environment regeneration and impact reduction plans. By synthesizing the above-described results, the functions of environmental and ecological planning, development planning, and environmental assessment and their inter-relations were defined. The defined inter-relations seem likely to be developed into a form that would enable sustainable land development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to estimate the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions from domestic eel farm in the water recirculation system or still-water system by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions for establishing to reduce standards of GHG from a sustainable perspective. GHG emission components as seeds, feed, fuel, electricity, fixed capital, fish respiration, and others were analysed at the different culture type between water recirculation system and still-water system by 3 stage farm size of small, medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emission of the eel farm was $18.7kg{\cdot}CO_2$ in the stage of production per fish 1kg at different culture type and farm size. Therefore it could be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.497-506
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• 2011

The rapid industrial and technological development has made the human activities for the utilization of marine resources more complex. Marine spatial management is a space-based approach. It is a comprehensive and integrated management approach. The ultimate goal of marine spatial management is the "sustainable use" of marine resources. The partial approach is applied in the existing marine spatial management, mainly coastal zones which involves integrated approach. Also this showed various limitations including restricted mostly to coastal zones, and limitation to implementation tools. However, for marine spatial management to have a reasonable approach that attaches importance to the relationship between humans and the holistic ecosystem, it is important to internalize a central principle in marine spatial management that focuses on the sustainable use of marine resources. In the present study, four central principles are proposed that will eventually be applied through marine spatial management planning tools. These principles are 1) the establishment of a cooperative decision making and planning system that is based on stakeholder participation; 2) scientific assessment of the current status and impact on the basis of ecology, sociology, and economics; 3) reasonable and optimal spatial assignment based on the forecasting of future-use characteristics and environmental changes; and 4) ascribing importance to the implementation of the results of rational planning processes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.571-581
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• 2024

After a disaster like the catastrophic earthquake, the government have to use rapid assessment of the condition (or damage) of bridges, buildings and other infrastructures is mandatory for rapid feedbacks, rescue and post-event management. This work studies the tracking control problem of a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with input saturation nonlinearity. Under the framework of dynamic surface control design, RBF neural networks are introduced to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics. In order to address the impact of input saturation nonlinearity in the system, an auxiliary control system is constructed, and by introducing a class of first-order low-pass filters, the problems of large computation and computational explosion caused by repeated differentiation are effectively solved. In response to unknown parameters, corresponding adaptive updating control laws are designed. The goals of this paper are towards access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, promotion of inclusive and sustainable urbanization and participation, implementation of sustainable and disaster-resilient buildings, sustainable human settlement planning and manage. Simulation results of linear and nonlinear structures show that the proposed method is able to identify structural parameters and their changes due to damage and unknown excitations. Therefore, the goal is believed to achieved in the near future by the ongoing development of AI and control theory.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2007

Pursuing sustainable development throughout society and industry and the field of environmental policy, each international organization or nation has performed international standardization projects on environmental management activities for their system as well as environmental assessment for a product such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle inventory database (LCI DB), and the environmental aspects have been increasingly demanded as crucial evaluation specifications. Moreover, the conventional environmental policy, which represents the direct-control, has been more dependent on the market forces and product itself after the Climate Change Convention., and the Integrated Product Policy (IPP, EU) is applied vigorously to strengthen global competitiveness of a product and to achieve the effect of environmental improvement for it. According to change of the international railway market, the value of Eco-Design has been increasingly important in developed countries including EU. Thus, each country is establishing its own guidelines, software and database for each product, and developing new policies through Eco-Design with practical results in marketing. To react this and develop Korean railway as an environment-friendly industry with priority to other transportation system as well as maintain high place in technology, the direction of RACE software development of main function is introduced, which is exclusively used for EMU to assess both environmental and economic aspects with LCA and eco-efficiency (EE).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.447-465
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability in 45 cities of all over Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk using weights and assessment system developed in leading research. The materials of assessment used statistical data and spatial data were standardized for the systematic result. The assessment score was established using the normal distribution from 25 to 125 for removal of the very smallest and maximum value. According to the results, Tongyeong was assessed the highest by 82.5 score in environmental sustainability index. In economical sustainability index, Pohang, Gumi, Changwon, Yangsan were more than 79 score but Busan, Daegu, Andong were less than 70 score. Ulsan, Geoje, Yangsan were assessed higher in society-institutional sustainability index and Jinju, Munkyeong, Changnyeong were showed higher than other cities by more 79 score in quality of life(QOL)'s sustainability index. In case of integrated sustainability index, Jinju that was the highest sustainability in QOL was assessed by first city. However, Ulsan was assessed the lowest city among others. Therefore cities which have high sustainability will prepare a politic investment program for maintaining current conditions. Cities which have low sustainability will grasp closely the environmental characteristics of urban and present the improvement direction through monitoring continuously. Overall, these results can be used as tools to assess the current cities and predict the future one. It is also necessary to establish a systematic urban planning for livable and sustainable city.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

An electric motor unit (EMU) is manufactured from a large number of components and parts which are made of extensive raw materials. In emits much environmental load throughout its entire life cycle, having both complicated and elaborated system and long period of life time. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the methodologies and tools to analyze the environmental performance of EMUs throughout their life cycle. RACE (Rail Assessment for Clean Environment) developed in this study is the software that can analyze the environmental impacts and eco-efficiency of EMUs, which are new concepts proposed for sustainable development. It has database for main components as well as principal materials contained in EMUs. Manufacturers and operators can use it to assess the life-cycle environmental impacts of EMU and support their decision making. RACE can also be used as a tool for environmental communication between manufacturers and operators.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2006

The introduction of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has strengthened and extended the value of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a fundamental tool for sustainable development. In particular, SEA helps to overcome the limitation of project EIA as a stand alone approach that is applied relatively late in the decision making cycle. SEA is applied to proposals of policy, plan, and/or programme when major alternatives are open. In Korea, similar to SEA, the Prior Environmental Review System (PERS) was introduced to overcome the limitations of the EIA, by checking the environmental impacts on major policy and administrative actions in the early stage of decision making process. SEA appears in various national, regional and international laws. SEA is addressed specifically in the UNECE SEA protocol to the Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a transboundary context, as well as the European Commission SEA Directive (2001/42/EC). SEA is a valuable tool for integrating sustainability decisions into country's policies, plans and programmes. This paper reviews the policy direction for implementation of the SEA and efficient Environmental Assessment (EA) through integration of the PERS and the EIA.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.188-192
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• 2012

Palliative medicine has shown demonstrated benefit for patients with serious illness, their families, and hospital systems. As such, the demand for palliative care services is growing at a fast pace, and health care facilities frequently struggle to develop and implement effective and sustainable methods of providing this care. As with any new system, challenges and barriers naturally exist to instituting palliative care. Undertaking careful assessment, planning, and resource allocation can provide the greatest likelihood of success when developing these novel yet much needed models of care. This summary paper offers a qualitative overview of the potential benefits and the rationale to implement robust palliative care systems. We briefly review the history of palliative medicine in the broadest sense and address several seminal works from the US palliative care literature. Core practices to establish and advance palliative medicine are suggested. Commentary is provided on some of the particular barriers to palliative system development that may need to be addressed in the context of Korean medical culture. Collectively, we hope this overview can contribute to a framework within which such research and development can occur, leading to increasingly effective and sustainable palliative medicine in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.589-593
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• 2007

Due to sustainable development, international environmental regulations have been reinforced continuously. Especially, Kyoto protocol related to energy consumption affects to national production system seriously. Even if railroad is the most environmental- friendly transportation, it is necessary to improve its environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a representative tool to evaluate the environment impacts of a product. In the EU's railroad companies, the recycling efficiency and the waste emissions of rolling stocks have improved considering their environment impacts with LCA from a design step. Also, the LCA system of Korean electric motor units has been developed to build an environmentally sound railroad as one of national transportation core technology R&D projects. Therefore, the introduction of LCA will be required to decrease environmental impacts released from rolling stocks in the future.