• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.556-561
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• 2017

Serving as an excellent adsorbent and inorganic ion exchanger in the water purification field, zeolite 4A has in this work presented a strong capability for purifying radioactive waste, such as $Sr^{2+}$, $Cs^+$, and $Co^{2+}$ in water. During the processes of decontamination and decommissioning of suspended solids and organics in low-level radioactive wastewater, the purification performance of zeolite 4A has been studied. Under ambient temperature and neutral condition, zeolite 4A absorbed simulated radionuclides such as $Sr^{2+}$, $Cs^+$, and $Co^{2+}$ with an absorption rate of almost 90%. Additionally, in alkaline condition, the adsorption percentage even approached 98.7%. After conducting research on suspended solids and organics of zeolite 4A for the treatment of radionuclides, it was found that the suspended clay was conducive to absorption, whereas the absorption of organics in solution was determined by the species of radionuclides and organics. Therefore, zeolite 4A has considerable potential in the treatment of radioactive wastewater.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2012

Fine suspended solids generated effluence from treatment process of mine drainage could destroy environment as the aesthetic landscapes, and depreciate water quality. Therefore, the purpose of this research is focused on process development applied the actual field for controlling fine suspended solids and heavy metals, and so lab-scale test was performed for inducement of basic data. The mine drainage used in this research was sampled in H mine located Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do. Concentration of suspended solid, arsenic, iron and manganese was exceeded the standard of contaminant limitation for the clean water, and particle size of suspended solid was less than 10 m as fine particle. Although hydraulic retention time of mine drainage for effective settling was required more than 6 hours, hydraulic retention time would be increased in winter season when the settling efficiency could be reduced because of viscosity decreasing. Moreover, installed inclination plate helped to increase settling efficiency of suspended solid about 48 %. Filtering media that was the most effective removal of suspended solids and heavy metal was decided granular activated carbon of 1~2 mm was the optimal size.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2012

Total suspended solids (TSS), settleable suspended solids (SSS) and nonsettleable suspended solids (NSSS) were compared in streams and lakes during rain events. Samples were collected in Lake Soyang and nine agricultural streams during storm events over two years. To measure NSSS, samples were settled in 1 L cylinders for one hour and then 50% of the total sample volume was taken from the center of the cylinder. The SSS/TSS ratio in streams (0.50) was higher than in Lake Soyang (0.20). The ratio of TSS to turbidity decreased from 1.21 in the inflowing river to 0.69 in the reservoir outlet. Turbidity and NSSS showed higher correlation ($r^2$=0.82) compared with the correlation between turbidity and TSS ($r^2$=0.66). Median particle size decreased from $11.4\;{\mu}m$ in the inflowing river to $4.2\;{\mu}m$ in the lake outlet. The results indicate that only fine particles of less than $5{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$ can be transported downstream of the lake. Because fast-flowing water in streams includes not only fine particles but also coarse particles, an overestimation of suspended sediment concentration results if only TSS is measured. Consequently, TSS and NSSS should be measured separately to evaluate the effect of suspend sediment loadings of turbid streams on aquatic habitat during the monsoon season.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1994

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 강원대학교(江原大學校) 임과대학(林科大學) 부속연습림(附屬演習林)의 임도개설유역(林道開設流域)을 중심으로 우기(雨期)의 계류수(溪流水)에 함유되어 있는 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量)을 측정하므로써 임도개설(林道開設)에 따른 토사유출(土砂流出) 변화(變化)를 파악하고자 진행하였다. 이를 위해 임도개설유역(林道開設流域)의 강우량(降雨量)과 유출량(流出量), 유출량(流出量)과 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量)의 관계를 규명하였으며, 아울러 임도개설유역(林道開設流域)과 미개설유역(未開設流域)의 강우량(降雨量)에 따른 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量)의 변화에 대하여 비교, 분석하였다. 1. 임도개설유역(林道開設流域)에 있어서 우기(雨期)의 강우량(降雨量)과 유출량(流出量)의 관계는 Table 3 및 Fig. 3와 같이 수문곡선(水文曲線)의 Peakpoint는 강우강도(降雨强度) 및 전강우량(前降雨量) 등에 따라 형성시간(形成時間)과 높이가 상이하였다. 즉 6월(月)12일(日)의 강우(降雨)(a)(20mm이상이 4시간 지속)에서는 3시간 경과 후에 $1514m^3/hour$, 8월(月) 8일(日)의 강우(降雨)(b)(최대(最大) 시우량(時雨量) 40mm)경우는 동일(同一) 시간대(時間帶)에서 $1246m^3/hour$, 그리고 8월(月) 20일(日)의 강우(降雨)(c)(최대(最大) 시우량(時雨量) 17.2mm)의 경우는 2시간 경과 후에 $1245m^3/hour$의 Peak point가 형성되었다. 2. 임도개설유역(林道開設流域)에서 유출량(流出量)과 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量)의 관계는 유출량(流出量)에 비례하여 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量)도 증가하였다(Table 4 및 Fig. 4). 즉 강우(降雨)(a)는 최대유출량(最大流出量)이 $1514m^3/hour$일 때 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量) 1261mg/l가 1시간 후에 나타났고, 강우(降雨)(b) 및 (c)는 각각 최대유출량(最大流出量) $1246m^3/hour$과 $1245m^3/hour$일 때 최대부유토사량(最大浮遊土砂量) 4952mg/l와 472mg/l가 동일시간대(同一時間帶)에서 나타났다. 3. 강우중(降雨中)의 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量)의 농도(濃度)는 강우강도(降雨强度)에 강하게 영향받고 있으며, 특히 강우강도(降雨强度)가 강할수록 곡선회귀(曲線回歸)의 형태(形態)로 증가하였다. 임도개설유역(林道開設流域)에서의 부유토사농도(浮遊土砂濃度)의 Peak point는 강우(降雨)(a)의 경우 1261mg/l와 125mg/l, 강우(降雨)(b)는 4952mg/l와 44mg/l, 그리고 강우(降雨)(c)는 472mg/l와 4mg/l로서 유역간(流域間)에 현격한 차이가 나타났다.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2022

부유물질은 수생생물의 성장과 생존에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문은 cyst에서 부화한 Artemia 유생(branchiopoda), 조간대에서 채집한 T. west (copepod)와 H. koreanus (amphipoda)를 사용하여 96시간 동안 부유물질에 노출된 생물의 생존 영향을 규명하였다. 실험 결과 Artemia 유생과 T. west의 생존율은 50.0mg L^-1 이상의 부유물질 농도에 영향을 받지 않으나 H. koreanus는 부유물질 농도가 증가함에 따라 낮은 생존율을 보였다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 50.0mg L^-1 이상의 부유물질에 지속적으로 노출된 Artemia 유생과 T. west는 미세한 생태 스트레스의 영향을 받지만 H. koreanus는 생존 가능한 내성범위를 벗어나 사망한 개체가 증가할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2014

This study was performed to test the applicability of the ozone/hydroxy radical reaction system, which applied advanced oxidation processes, to remove total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from the fine soil in washing water of the soil washing process. Removal efficiency was tested on 40 L of washing water in a pilot reaction tank. Fine soil contaminated with $800mg\;kg^{-1}$ TPH was prepared at 5% and 10% suspended solids. Testing conditions included ozone/hydroxy radical flow rates of 40, 80, and $120L\;min^{-1}$, and processing time of 2 to 12 hours. The removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon from water waster by ozone/hydroxy radical was increased with higher flow rates and lower percentages of suspended solids. Optimal efficiency was achieved at $80L\;min^{-1}$ flow rate for 4 hours for the 5% suspended solids, and $120L\;min^{-1}$ for 6 hours for the 10% suspended solids. These results verified the efficiency of hydroxy radical in removing TPH and the applicability of the ozone/hydroxy radical reaction system in the field.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2009

This study was carried out to comparatively identify characteristics of turbid water influence in Imha Reservoir, Soyang Reservoir, and Daecheong Reservoir in Korea. We used 3 years dataset from 2002 to 2004 and analyzed seasonal water quality characteristics, particular parameters in association with turbidity, and light transparency to figure out the trends. All parameters to be used in the study were total phosphate (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ (Chl), suspended solids (SS), Secchi depth (SD), conductivity, and verticallight extinction coefficienct($K_d$), euphotic zone ($Z_{eu}$), and critical depth ($Z_p$). All parameters depend on season and watershed. Suspended solids from Soyang Reservoir were usually caused by TP, mainly related to living wastes and agricultures in upper stream. Daecheong Reservoir was influenced by organic matters related to large phytoplankton biomass in summer and inorganic suspended solids by nutrients in the winter. However, in case of Imha Reservoir, turbid water, consisted in silt and clay through heavy precipitation remained in the waterbody to decrease water transparency along with TP and caused the light limitation in winter. Overall results suggest that it was necessary to establish various management programs because the reasons occurring turbidity were varied according to the reservoir circumstances.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2019

Nonylphenol is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is the degradation product of the nonionic surfactants nonylphenol ethoxylates. To understand the contamination and behavioral characteristics of nonylphenol, we measured the nonylphenol concentrations in surface water in the lower reaches of the Suyeong River, Korea. The results were used to estimate the material balance. The target area was divided into three regions to estimate the material balance of nonylphenol. In region 1, in flux of the dissolved nonylphenol was 282.3 g/day and the nonylphenol influx in particulate suspended solids was 1,582.8 g/day. The dissolved nonylphenol outflow discharged toward region 2 was 192.5 g/day, while the adsorption to particulate suspended solids was 89.8 g/day. Within the particulate suspended solids, the outflow to region 2 was 1,250.0 g/day, while the estimated amount settling in the sediments was 422.7 g/day. The adsorption of dissolved nonylphenol to the particulate suspended solids in regions 1 and 2 was 31.8% and 54.9%, respectively. In region 3, the desorption rate was 8.8%.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2012

Fine suspended solids from mine drainage draw attentions due to their potential adverse influences on the water quality, such as increasing turbidity and degrading aesthetic landscape. Currently, sand filter beds are adapted in some mine drainage treating systems. However, more efficient system is in demand, as the existing sand beds reveal some problems, such as frequent maintenance intervals. Various filtering mediums including fly ash, mine tailing aggregates and the sand were tested for improving the current system, using column experimental set-up. Mine drainage samples were collected from the current treating systems in the abandoned H coal mine. The experiment was run for 7 days. Suspended solids recorded as 100.9 mg/L and the value exceeds the current standard, 30 mg/L. Sand was proved to still be the optimum medium for the fine suspended solids, compared to fly ash and fly ash + sand. Mine tailing aggregates were placed at the exit of the columns, substituting gravels. The tailing aggregates is made by mine tailings and clay. Sand bed filters can also be improved by mixing granular activated carbon, which was found to be economical and efficient in the batch experiment, conducted at the same time.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Fine suspended solids from coal mine drainage were treated in the treating plant, using two different pilot-scale inclined clarifiers: radial and lamella types. Suspended solids in the mine drainage were monitored along with other geochemical factors, and metal contents. Fe and Mn are the main chemical components in the drainage, which exist predominantly as total metal forms, whereas dissolved portion is negligible. The raw mine drainage is subject to physical and chemical treatment using $CaCO_3$ and NaOH, therefore the suspended solids are thought to be composed of Fe and Mn precipitates, possibly $Fe(OH)_3$, along with carbonate precipitates. The elemental composition of precipitates are confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. As nearly all the dissolved ions were precipitated in the primary process by $CaCO_3$, no further aeration or prolonged oxygenation are of necessity in this plant. Adoption of inclined clarifier proved to be effective in treating fine suspended solids in the current plant. Successful application of the inclined clarifier will also be beneficial to improve the current treating process by excluding the current application of chemical agent in the first stage. The final effluents from the pilot plant meet the national standards and the low dissolved Fe and Mn contents are expected not to cause secondary precipitation after discharge.