• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6569-6572
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• 2013

In cervical cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, miR-126 has been reported to exhibit decreased expression. However, its role in cervical cancer cell proliferation and drug sensitivity has remained relatively unexplored. Here, we compared the expression of miR-126 in cervical cancer tissues (n = 20) with that in normal cervical tissue (n = 20) using quantitative RT-PCR. The viability of Siha cervical cancer cells was further measured by MTT assay after transfection with miR-126 mimic (Siha-miR-126 mimic) or microRNA mimic negative control (Siha-miR mimic NC) and after treatment with various concentrations of bleomycin (BLM). IC50s were calculated, and the survival rates (SRs) of Siha cells were calculated. miR-126 expression in cervical cancer tissue was significantly decreased compared with that in normal cervical tissue (P < 0.01). The relative SRs of Siha-miR-126 mimic cells were also significantly decreased compared with those of Siha-miR mimic NC cells at 24-96 h after transfection. The IC50 of BLM in Siha-miR-126 mimic cells ($50.3{\pm}2.02{\mu}g/mL$) was decreased compared with that in Siha-miR mimic NC cells ($70.5{\pm}4.33{\mu}g/mL$) at 48 h after transfection (P < 0.05). Finally, the SRs of Siha-miR-126 mimic cells were significantly lower than those of SihamiR mimic NC cells after cultured in medium containing 40 ${\mu}g/mL$ BLM for 24-96 h (P < 0.05). These results suggest that miR-126 is expressed at low levels in cervical cancer. Upregulation of miR-126 inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and enhanced the sensitivity to BLM. Thus, miR-126 may represent a novel approach to cervical cancer treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6227-6231
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• 2013

In the past, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was endemic in the general Korean population. The association of HBV infection with the occurrence of liver cancer has been well demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies. While the mortality rates of liver cancer in Korea have decreased steadily over the last decade, the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in mothers remains high at 3-4%, and 25.5% of these HBsAg positive mothers are positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). HBV infection caused almost a quarter of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and one-third of deaths from HCC. These aspects of HBV infection prompted the Korean government to create a vaccination program against HBV in the early 1980s. In 1995, the Communicable Disease Prevention Act (CDPA) was reformed, and the government increased the number of HBV vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP), driving the vaccination rate up to 95%. In 2000, the National Health Insurance Act (NHIA) was enacted, which provided increased resources for the prevention of perinatal HBV infection. Then in 2002, the Korean government, in conjunction with the Korean Medical Association (KMA), launched an HBV perinatal transmission prevention program. The prevalence of HBsAg in children had been high (4-5%) in the early 1980s, but had dropped to below 1% in 1995, and finally reached 0.2% in 2006 after the NIP had been implemented. After the success of the NIP, Korea finally obtained its first certification of achievement from the Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WPRO-WHO) for reaching its goal for HBV control. An age-period-cohort analysis showed a significant reduction in the liver cancer mortality rate in children and adolescents after the NIP had been implemented. In addition to its vaccination efforts, Korea launched the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for 5 leading sites of cancer, including the liver, in 1999. As a consequence of this program, the 5-year liver cancer survival rate increased from 13.2% (1996-2000) to 23.3% (2003-2008). The development of both the primary and secondary prevention for liver cancer including HBV immunization and cancer screening has been of critical importance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2017

Relay intercropping system of direct seeded rice and winter cereal is labor saving cultivation and has high land use efficiency in Japan. In this system, rice seeds are direct seeded into inter-row space of winter cereals (wheat or barley) in March or April. If the direct seeding of rice is conducted before stem elongation phase or using suitable seeder, these are little effect to yield of winter cereals. Though the seeds are generally thiuram treated, it's a matter that seedling establishment rate (SER) of direct seeded rice is low and unstable. The cause of low SER has not been revealed. In present study, with the aim to reveal causes of low SER, we conducted experiments and investigated the SER, and analyzed some factors that might affect SER. Experiment1: In 2015, 2016, we buried rice seeds underground, and investigated the transition of the seed survival rates (SSR). Seeds were thiuram-treated or non-treated. In 2 periods, SSR of thiuram-treated seeds were significantly higher than non-treated seeds. In 2016, thiuram-treated seeds were high in SSR (almost 75%) at April 30th, but low SER (10~27%) after harvest of winter cereals. Therefore, almost all of seed death might have been happen after germination. Analysis 1: We investigated the SER and cultivation conditions in Ibaraki pref. for several years. Meteorological factors were referred from the nearest point of AMeDAS. From mean temperature (MT) among 5days after and before the day, we divided the period of seeding ~June 20 to phase1~4. We defined each phase as below; Phase1: $MT{\leq}10^{\circ}C$, Phase2: $10^{\circ}C<MT{\leq}15^{\circ}C$, Phase3:$15^{\circ}C<MT{\leq}20^{\circ}C$, Phase4: $MT>20^{\circ}C$. We analyzed the correlation of SER and meteorological factors by each phase. Total number of days in phase 1~4 was significantly negative correlated with SER. In phase1, total rain fall and number of soil wetting days were significantly negative correlated with SER. In phase2~4, only MT was significantly positive correlated with SER. This result suggested that rainfalls in phase1 declined seed vigor to emergence from soil surface, by repeated water absorption and re-dry. From these present studies, it was suggested that one of factors of low SER of direct seeded rice in relay intercropping system is changing of water condition by rainfalls in phase1 ($MT{\leq}10^{\circ}C$). To improve SER, it's necessary to consider something seed treatments such as prevent water absorption during phase1. However, 58~60% of seeds seemed to die during May. It's suggested that, if seeds are thiuram treated, almost all of seeds can germinate underground, but the seed vigor to emergence from soil surface are insufficient. Further studies are needed to reveal the rest causes that is happening during emergence from soil surface.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2020

This study was conducted to verify the physiological activity of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 probiotics in fermented milk. The anti-inflammatory effects of fermented milk supplemented with different concentrations (0, 100, and 500 ㎍/mL) of E. faecalis EF-2001 were determined using MTT assay and nitric oxide inhibition assay. The MTT assay was performed using RAW 264.7 cells. Results revealed that the rates of cytotoxicity and cell survival decreased significantly with increase in the concentration of heat-killed probiotics (p<0.05). Moreover, fermented milk supplemented with 100 ㎍/mL EF-2001 (EFM1) and the fermented milk supplemented with 500 ㎍/mL EF-2001 (EFM2) exhibited higher nitric oxide inhibition than normal fermented milk (NFM). Additionally, EFM2 significantly reduced the ratio of prostaglandin E₂ compared to NFM (p<0.05). In conclusion, the treatment sample showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than NFM. The findings of this study could be used as a basic guideline for manufacturing of NFM supplemented with heat-killed probiotics.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1984

One hundred sixty one patients with the carcinoma of uterine cervix received curative radiotherapy at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital between December, 1979 and December, 1982. According to FIGO classification; stage $I_a 1(0.6\%)\;1_b\;8(5.0\%),\;II_a\;31(19.3\%),\;II_b\;66(41.0\%),\;III_a\;3(1.8\;%),\;III_b\;46(28.6\%)\;and\;IV_a\;6(3.7\;%)$. The proportion of early stage cancer is too small because most of them treated by surgery. External beam whole pelvic irradiation was done first with 10MV x-ray or Co-60 gamma ray upto 4,000 or 5,000 rad for early and advanced cases, followed by one or two courses of intracavitary radiation using Fletcher-Suit Applicator loading c Cs-137. Supplementary external radiation to pelvic side wall to bring dose to 6,000 or 6,500 rads, if there is parametrial involvement or positive pelvic lymph node. Of the 161 Patients, 49 Patients were lost to follow-up but only 22 patients were lost in disease free state. And so, 86.3 percent of the patients were followed to time of recurrence or to date. The results are as follows ; 1. Locoregional control rates according to stage is: stage I $100\%,\;II_a\;90.3\;%,\;II_b\;75.8\%,\;III_a\;66.7\%,\;III_b\;58.7\%\;and\;IV_a\;16.7\%$, respectively. 2. Persistent or recurrent disease were localized in pelvic cavity in 32 of 50 patients and 6 had distant metastasis only. 3. Rectal bleeding was the most common complication and appeared mostly between 6 and 24 months after radiotherapy. Most of them had transient minor bleeding and only 2 patients needed transfusion and 1 patient needed colostomy due to rectovaginal fistula. 4. The 3 year disease free survival rate is: stage I $100\%,\;II_a\;78.0\%,\;II_b\;60.6\%,\;III_a\;66.7\;III_b\;46.3\%\;and\;IN_a\;16.7\%$, respectively.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 1982

Flacherie virus (FV) is an important pathogen in the silkworm, which often gives serious damage to farmers for cocoon production. The inbred parents and F$_1$'s from an eight-parent diallel were examined to determine the inheritance of resistance to flacherie virus in the silkworm. Three resistant (R), two intermediate (M) and three susceptible (S) inbreds were used in the diallel with no reciprocals. Mean resistance was measured by survival rates of larvae which were fed on mulberry leaves sprayed with diluted mid-gut homogenate of FV infected larvae. Broad-sense heritability was obtained according to inbreds and F$_1$ family performance. Estimation of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) was made according to Griffing's Model 1, Method 2. Mean FV resistance of F$_1$ family displayed additive effect of the major gene, while heterotic effect was not significant. Considerable variation in FV resistance within F$_1$ groups of R$\times$S and S$\times$S indicated that action of minor genes for FV resistance may have been involved. FV resistance of inbreds perse and predominant effect of the major gene over minor gene(s) satisfactorily predicted the FV resistance of the hybrids. Broadsense heritability value of FV resistance on the basis of F$_1$ family performance averaged 93%, which suggested that environmental effects might have not been important in this experiment. GCA was highly significant for FV resistant among inbreds. GCA effect of 13.1 in Jam 108 was highest and -17.7 in Gyeongchu lowest. Effective selection for high FV resistance would be possible, using inbreds with high GCA effect and low GCA variance. SCA was significant among hybrids. High SCA effect in the hybrid of Geumho$\times$Mudeung (13.7) and Hansaeng #4$\times$Jam 115 (11.6) indicated that the interaction effect of minor genes for resistance to FV in the silkworm could be exploited by standard silkworm breeding procedures.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2020

This research was investigated the effects of temperature and time against the formation of biofilms by foodborne pathogens on surfaces of polyethylene and stainless steel. After preliminary experiments with 32 strains from 6 species of foodborne pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella Typhimurium), one strain from each species with the highest biofilm formation efficiency was selected. All foodborne pathogens showed a tendency toward an increased ability for biofilm formation with increasing temperature, but there was no consistency between the two materials and between foodborne pathogens. At all tested temperatures, the biofilm formation ability of E. coli and P. aeruginosa on the polyethylene surface was higher than that on the stainless steel surface with significant differences. The foodborne pathogens all formed biofilms immediately upon inoculation, and biofilm formation by E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. Typhimurium increased on both the polyethylene and stainless steel surfaces at 1 h after inoculation compared to at 0 h. At 7 days after biofilm formation, the other strains except S. aureus showed no difference in survival rates on polyethylene and stainless steel. The ability of these 6 foodborne pathogens to form biofilms showed different trends depending on the type of bacteria and the instrument material, i.e., polyethylene and stainless steel.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1995

For the mass production of all-female triploid rainbow trout during fall season, treatment of short-term daylength from 30th of August, 1994 and chromosome manipulation by heat shock were performed with 3-year-old fish. After treatment of short-term daylength to fish, we successfully obtained the fertilized eggs from all treated fishes. However, hatching rate were significantly lower than that of natural spawning season (P<0.05). Hormonal treatment using 3mg of $17\alpha-methyltestosterone$ per kg of diet for 55 days at $16.5^{\circ}C$ gave $100\%$ of sex-reversed male (masculinized female) population. When the fertilized eggs were treated with the various conditions of heat shocks survival rates and triploid incidencies were varied, and ranged from 15.0 to $88.2\%$ and 36.7 to $100\%$, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6115-6120
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• 2013

Introduction: Some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor cells are insensitive to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -based therapy. This study was conducted to examine the effect of embelin on the sensitivity of the A549 NSCLC cell line to TRAIL receptor2 (TRAILR2) monoclonal antibodies and to investigate the potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A549 cells were treated with embelin, TRAILR2 mAb or a combination of both. Cell viability was measured using ATPlite assay and apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry with AnnexinV-FITC and propidium iodide staining, with the expression levels of proteins analyzed by Western blotting. Results: The cell survival rate of separate treatments with 100 ng/ml TRAILR2 antibody or 25 uM embelin were $81.5{\pm}1.57%$ and $61.7{\pm}2.84%$, respectively. Their combined use markedly decreased cell viability in A549 cells to $28.1{\pm}1.97%$ (P<0.05). The general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK could inhibit the embelin-enhanced sensitivity of A549 cells to TRAILR2 mAb ($75.97{\pm}3.17%$)(P<0.05). Both flow cytometry and cell morphological analysis showed that embelin was able to increase TRAIL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Combined treatment with embelin and TRAILR2 mAb augmented the activation of initiator caspases and effector caspase. In addition, A549 cells showed increasing levels of TRAILR2 protein and decreasing levels of Bcl-2, survivin and c-FLIP following the treatment with embelin+TRAILR2 mAb. Conclusions: Embelin could enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. The synergistic effect of the combination treatment might be due to modulation of multiple components in the TRAIL receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, including TRAILR2, XIAP, survivin, Bcl-2 and c-FLIP.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2011

Neonatal bleeding is a common problem encountered in nursery rooms or neonatal intensive care units, especially among premature infants. Furthermore, owing to recent remarkable improvement of neonatology, survival rates of preterm neonates have increased; hence, neonatal bleeding cannot be emphasized enough. Since the total blood volume of neonates is small, bleeding can be one of the causes of morbidities and mortalities. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and immediate therapy is urgently needed. The patient's medical history including a familial history of a bleeding disorder or of a previously affected infant who suffered from bleeding along with maternal and neonatal drugs can provide important diagnostic clues. Presence of bleeding with or without petechiae and ecchymoses in a healthy term or late preterm infant with thrombocytopenia but normal prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time strongly suggests a congenital bleeding disorder. For a sick infant who is bleeding from multiple sites, an acquired disorder such as disseminated intravascular coagulation is suspected. Intracranial hemorrhage in term or late preterm infants without a history of birth trauma is highly suggestive of coagulation disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in diagnostic methods is as well as basic concepts of neonatal hemostatic disorders. First, an outline of background information will be presented followed by a discussion of primary and secondary hemostatic disorders as well as inherited and acquired disorders.